Crosstalk of low density lipoprotein and liposome as a paradigm for targeting of 5-fluorouracil into hepatic cells: cytotoxicity and liver deposition

References

• Alison MR. Liver stem cells: implications for hepatocarcinogenesis. Stem Cell Rev. 2005;1(3):253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Grazie M, Biagini MR, Tarocchi M, et al. Chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: the present and the future. World J Hepatol. 2017;9(21):907–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jinsil S. Challenge and hope in radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Yonsei Med J. 2009;50(5):601–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Zhang W, Wang B, et al. Ligand-based targeted therapy: a novel strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine. 2016;1:5645–5669.
   Google Scholar
• Bhat M, Skill N, Marcus V, et al. Decreased PCSK9 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15(1):176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harisa GI, Alanazi FK. Low-density lipoprotein bio-nanoparticles: from cholesterol transport to delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Saudi Pharm J. 2014;22(6):504–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu QL, Zhou Y, Guan M, et al. Low-density lipoprotein-coupled N-succinyl chitosan nanoparticles co-delivering siRNA and doxorubicin for hepatocyte-targeted therapy. Biomaterials. 2014;35(22):5965–5976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang CG, Zhu QL, Zhou Y, et al. N-Succinyl-chitosan nanoparticles coupled with low-density lipoprotein for targeted osthole-loaded delivery to low-density lipoprotein receptor-rich tumors. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:2919–2932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tawfik E, Ahamed M, Almalik A, et al. Prolonged exposure of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles improves its anticancer activity. Saudi Pharm J. 2017;25(2):206–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radwan AA, Alanazi FK. Design and synthesis of new cholesterol-conjugated 5-Fluorouracil: a novel potential delivery system for cancer treatment. Molecules. 2014 Aug 26;19(9):13177–13187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakeel F, Alanazi FK, Raish M, et al. Pharmacokinetic and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion of cholesteryl-succinyl-5-fluorouracil. J Mol Liquids. 2015;211:164–168.
   Google Scholar
• Emami J, Rezazadeh M, Varshosaz J, et al. Formulation of LDL targeted nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Paclitaxel: a detailed study of preparation, freeze drying condition, and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Nanomater. 2012;2012:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Andalib S, Varshosaz J, Hassanzadeh F, et al. Optimization of LDL targeted nanostructured lipid carriers of 5-FU by full factorial design. Adv Biomed Res. 2012;1(1):45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alanazi FK, Haq N, Radwan AA, et al. Formulation and evaluation of cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion (LDE) for drug delivery potential of cholesteryl-maleoyl-5-fluorouracil. Pharm Dev Technol. 2015;20(3):266–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kader A, Davis PJ, Kara M, et al. Drug targeting using low-density lipoprotein (LDL): physicochemical factors affecting drug loading into LDL particles. J Control Release. 1998;55(2–3):231–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshraim MO, Sangi S, Harisa GI, et al. Chitosan-coated flexible liposomes magnify the anticancer activity and bioavailability of docetaxel: impact on composition. Molecules. 2019;11(2):24.
   Google Scholar
• Panahi Y, Farshbaf M, Mohammadhosseini M, et al. Recent advances on liposomal nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017;45(4):788–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227(5259):680–685. 15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idippily ND, Gan C, Orefice P, et al. Synthesis of vorinostat and cholesterol conjugate to enhance the cancer cell uptake selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2017;27(4):816–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwanicki M, Shaw K, Ledwith B, et al. Preparation and interaction of a low-density lipoprotein: daunomycin complex with P388 leukemic cells. Cancer Res. 1984;43:4600–4605.
   Google Scholar
• Candide C, Moliere P, Maziere J, et al. In vitro interaction of the photoactive anticancer porphyrin derivative photofrin II with low-density lipoprotein and its delivery to cultured human fibroblasts. FEBS Lett. 1986;207(1):133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udofot O, Affram K, Smith T, et al. Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-loaded pH-sensitive PEGylated liposomal nanoparticles in HCT-116 tumors bearing mouse. J Nat Sci. 2016;2(1):1.
   Google Scholar
• Alanazi F, Radwan AA, Haq N. et al. Validated HPLC-DAD method for quantification of cholesteryl-succinyl-5fluorouracil conjugate. Bulg Chem Commun. 2014;46(4):806–813.
   Google Scholar
• Upadhyay RK. Lipoproteins as drug delivery vehicles for cancer and tumor therapeutics. J Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;4(3):52–62.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto H, Takada T, Yamanashi Y, et al. VLDL/LDL acts as a drug carrier and regulates the transport and metabolism of drugs in the body. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):633–639.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shi K, Xue J, Fang Y, et al. Inorganic kernel-reconstituted lipoprotein biomimetic nano vehicles enable efficient targeting “Trojan Horse” delivery of STAT3-Decoy oligonucleotide for overcoming TRAIL resistance. Theranostics. 2017;7(18):4480–4497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ait-Oudhia S, Mager DE, Straubinger RM. Application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis to the development of liposomal formulations for oncology. Pharmaceutics. 2014;6(1):137–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holzschuh S, Kaeß K, Bossa GV, et al. Investigations of the influence of liposome composition on vesicle stability and drug transfer in human plasma: a transfer study. J Liposome Res. 2018;28(1):22–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suto A, Yamasaki M, Takasaki Y, et al. LC-MS/MS analysis of canine lipoproteins fractionated using the ultracentrifugation-precipitation method. J Vet Med Sci. 2013;75(11):1471–1477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulik RS, Bing C, Ladouceur-Wodzak M, et al. Localized delivery of low-density lipoprotein docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles to the rat brain using focused ultrasound. Biomaterials. 2016;83:257–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoudian M, Salatin S, Khosroushahi AY. Natural low- and high-density lipoproteins as mighty bio-nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2018;82(3):371–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds L, Mulik RS, Wen X, et al. Low-density lipoprotein-mediated delivery of docosahexaenoic acid selectively kill murine liver cancer cells. Nanomedicine (London England). 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Lu F, Li S, Jiang Y, et al. Structure and mechanism of the uracil transporter Ural. Nature. 2011;472(7342):243–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harisa GI, Badran MM, Alanazi FK, et al. An overview of nanosomes delivery mechanisms: trafficking, orders, barriers, and cellular effects. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(4):669–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobot D, Mura S, Yesylevskyy SO, et al. Conjugation of squalene to gemcitabine as unique approach exploiting endogenous lipoproteins for drug delivery. Nat Commun. 2017;30(8):15678.
   Google Scholar
• Yesylevskyy SO, Ramseyer C, Savenko M, et al. Low-density lipoproteins and human serum albumin as carriers of squalenoylated drugs: insights from molecular simulations. Mol Pharm. 2018;15(2):585–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlQahtani SA, Harisa GI, Badran MM, et al. Nano-erythrocyte membrane-chaperoned 5-fluorouracil liposomes as biomimetic delivery platforms to target hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019;47(1):989–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen X, Reynolds L, Mulik RS, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of low-density lipoprotein docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles selectively disrupt redox balance in hepatoma cells and reduces the growth of orthotopic liver tumors in rats. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(2):488–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai-Kato K, Sakurai M, Takechi-Haraya Y, et al. Involvement of scavenger receptor class B type 1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor in the internalization of liposomes into HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2017;1859(11):2253–2258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobot D, Mura S, Rouquette M, et al. Circulating lipoproteins: a trojan horse guiding squalenoylated drugs to LDL-accumulating cancer cells. Mol Ther. 2017;25(7):1596–1605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Beamonte R, Navarro MA, Acin S, et al. Postprandial changes in high density lipoproteins in rats subjected to gavage administration of virgin olive oil. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian J, Xu N, Zhou X, et al. Low-density lipoprotein mimic nanoparticles composed of amphipathic hybrid peptides and lipids for tumor-targeted delivery of paclitaxel. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:7431–7446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar