Identifying the molecular targets and mechanisms of xuebijing injection for the treatment of COVID-19 via network pharmacology and molecular docking

References

• Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, et al. Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Published Cell Discov. 2020;6(1:14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moslemi D, Nokhandani AM, Otaghsaraei MT, et al. Management of chemo/radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a review of the current literature. Radiother Oncol. 2016;120(1):13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa SCM, Pereira VBM, Wong DVT, et al. Amifostine reduces inflammation and protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis and hyposalivation. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2019;52(3):e8251. Published.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ru J, Li P, Wang J, et al. TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines. J Cheminform. 2014;6:13. Published.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The UniProt Consortium.UniProt: the universal protein KnowledgeBase [published correction appears.Nucleic Acids Res.2017;45(D1):D158–D169. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Mar 16; 46(5):2699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, et al. Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 2003 Nov;13(11):2498–2504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stelzer G, Rosen N, Plaschkes I, et al. The GeneCards suite: from gene data mining to disease genome sequence analyses. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2016;54(1):1.30.1–1.30.33. Published.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szklarczyk D, Gable AL, Lyon D, et al. STRING v11: protein–protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D607–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing; 2019. Available from: https://www.R-project.org/. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing
   Google Scholar
• Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y, et al. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. Omics. 2012;16(5):284–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding X, Wu Y, Wang Y, et al. Accelerated CDOCKER with GPUs, parallel simulated annealing, and fast Fourier transforms. J Chem Theory Comput. 2020;16(6):3910–3919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Yao C, Yao Y, et al. Xuebijing injection versus placebo for critically ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(9):e735–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Yang Y, Liang T, et al. The regulatory effect of microRNA-21a-3p on the promotion of telocyte angiogenesis mediated by PI3K (p110α)/AKT/mTOR in LPS induced mice ARDS. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):427. Published.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu F, Zhou F. Inhibition of microRNA-92a ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by targeting ITGA5 through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;78:106060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie T, Xu Q, Wan H, et al. Lipopolysaccharide promotes lung fibroblast proliferation through autophagy inhibition via activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Lab Invest. 2019;99(5):625–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Zhang H, Abel AM, et al. Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt1 kinase in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication. Arch Virol. 2014;159(8):2091–2096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esfandiarei M, Luo H, Yanagawa B, et al. Protein kinase B/Akt regulates Coxsackievirus B3 replication through a mechanism which is not caspase dependent. J Virol. 2004;78(8):4289–4298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kindrachuk J, Ork B, Hart BJ, et al. Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as identified by temporal kinome analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(2):1088–1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemans RL, Colgan SP, Downey GP. Transepithelial migration of neutrophils: mechanisms and implications for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009;40(5):519–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber A, Heimburg A, Reisenauer A, et al. Proteasome inhibitors modulate chemokine production in lung epithelial and monocytic cells. Eur Respir J. 2004;24(1):40–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu B, Wu Y, Wang Y, et al. NF-κB p65 Knock-down inhibits TF, PAI-1 and promotes activated protein C production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar epithelial cells type II. Exp Lung Res. 2018;44(4–5):241–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Kashef DH. Nicorandil ameliorates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of silicosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;64:289–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WJ, Wu LF, Chen WK, et al. Inhibitory effect of luteolin on hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced HepG2 cell invasion involving both MAPK/ERKs and PI3K-Akt pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2006;160(2):123–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Im E, Yeo C, Lee EO. Luteolin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via inhibiting the AKT/osteopontin pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Life Sci. 2018;209:259–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granado-Serrano AB, Martín MA, Bravo L, et al. Quercetin induces apoptosis via caspase activation, regulation of Bcl-2, and inhibition of PI-3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). J Nutr. 2006;136(11):2715–2721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar