Chrysophanol Induced Glioma Cells Apoptosis via Activation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartzbaum JA, Fisher JL, Aldape KD, et al. Epidemiology and molecular pathology of glioma. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006;2(9):494–503. quiz 1 p following 16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunn GP, Rinne ML, Wykosky J, et al. Emerging insights into the molecular and cellular basis of glioblastoma. Genes Dev. 2012;26:756–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, et al. The 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131:803–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omuro A, DeAngelis LM. Glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas: a clinical review. Jama. 2013;310:1842–1850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloughesy TF, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, et al. Glioblastoma: from molecular pathology to targeted treatment. Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9:1–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Stetson L, et al. Epidemiology of gliomas. Cancer Treat Res. 2015;163:1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stavrovskaya AA, Shushanov SS, Rybalkina EY, et al. Problems of glioblastoma multiforme drug resistance. Biochem Biokhimiia. 2016;81:91–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen PY, Kesari S. Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(5):492–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong J, Zhou LI, Lim Y, et al. Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB are upregulated in human glioma tissues. Oncol Lett. 2015;10:223–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A, et al. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:7–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altieri R, Fontanella M, Agnoletti A, et al. Role of Nitric Oxide in glioblastoma therapy: another step to resolve the terrible puzzle?. Transl Med UniSa. 2015;12:54–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao A, Shi R, Jiang Y, et al. SDF-1/CXCR4 axis regulates cell cycle progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via up-regulation of survivin in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53:210–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Zhao P, Wang X, et al. Celastrol mediates autophagy and apoptosis via the ROS/JNK and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in glioma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38(1):184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim W, An Y, Yang C, et al. Chrysophanol induces cell death and inhibits invasiveness via mitochondrial calcium overload in ovarian cancer cells. J Cell Biochem. 2018;119(12):10216–10227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu J, Xu Y, Zhao Z, et al. Emodin suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells by down regulating ILK in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:3579–3589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Liu S, Yin Y, et al. FOXO3-mediated up-regulation of bim contributes to rhein-induced cancer cell apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2015;20(3):399–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Luo Q, He X, et al. Emodin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells via induction of autophagy in a ROS-dependent manner. Oncol Res. 2018;26:889–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu YY, Zhang JH, Gao JH, et al. Aloe-emodin (AE) nanoparticles suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in human lung squamous carcinoma via ROS generation in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;490:601–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie MJ, Ma YH, Miao L, et al. Emodin-provoked oxidative stress induces apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 cells through a p53-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15:5201–5205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ni CH, Chen PY, Lu HF, et al. Chrysophanol-induced necrotic-like cell death through an impaired mitochondrial ATP synthesis in Hep3B human liver cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2012;35:887–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MS, Cha EY, Sul JY, et al. Chrysophanic acid blocks proliferation of colon cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR/mTOR pathway. Phytother Res. 2011;25(6):833–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Lim W, Song G, et al. Chrysophanol selectively represses breast cancer cell growth by inducing reactive oxygen species production and endoplasmic reticulum stress via AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018;360:201–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren L, Li Z, Dai C, et al. Chrysophanol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through NF-κB/cyclin D1 and NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling cascade in breast cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17:4376–4382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Q, et al. Chrysophanol exhibits anti-cancer activities in lung cancer cell through regulating ROS/HIF-1a/VEGF signaling pathway. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. 2020;393:469–480.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne GI, Ojcius DM. Chlamydia and apoptosis: life and death decisions of an intracellular pathogen. Nature Rev Microbiol. 2004;2(10):802–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann KC, Bonzon C, Green DR, et al. The machinery of programmed cell death. Pharmacol Ther. 2001;92(1):57–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JY, Park JY, Kim DH, et al. Erigeron annuus protects PC12 neuronal cells from oxidative stress induced by ROS-mediated apoptosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:3945194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Song H, Kong F, et al. Pemetrexed exerts anticancer effects by inducing G(0)/G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest and activating the NOXA/Mcl-1 axis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett. 2019;17:1851–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtaki S, Wanibuchi M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, et al. ACTC1 as an invasion and prognosis marker in glioma. J Neurosurg. 2017;126:467–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Lv P. Chrysophanol inhibits the osteoglycin/mTOR and activats NF2 signaling pathways to reduce viability and proliferation of malignant meningioma cells. Bioengineered. 2021;12(1):755–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hüttemann M, Pecina P, Rainbolt M, et al. The multiple functions of cytochrome c and their regulation in life and death decisions of the mammalian cell: from respiration to apoptosis. Mitochondrion. 2011;11(3):369–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ly JD, Grubb DR, Lawen A, et al. The mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) in apoptosis; an update. Apoptosis. 2003;8(2):115–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrish AB, Freel CD, Kornbluth S, et al. Cellular mechanisms controlling caspase activation and function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013;5(6):a008672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kothakota S, Azuma T, Reinhard C, et al. Caspase-3-generated fragment of gelsolin: effector of morphological change in apoptosis. Science (New York, NY). 1997;278:294–298.
   Google Scholar
• Launay S, Hermine O, Fontenay M, et al. Vital functions for lethal caspases. Oncogene. 2005;24(33):5137–5148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki N, Urano J, Tamanoi F, et al. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors induce cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation preferentially in transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 1998; 95(26), 15356–15361.
   Google Scholar
• Brumby AM, Zraly CB, Horsfield JA, et al. Drosophila cyclin E interacts with components of the brahma complex. EMBO J. 2002;21:3377–3389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro RE, Amaral JD, Solá S, et al. Differential regulation of cyclin D1 and cell death by bile acids in primary rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;293:G327–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Kady A, Sun Y, Li YX, et al. Cyclin D1 inhibits whereas c-Myc enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in mouse pancreatic cancer cells via regulation of several members of the NF-κB and Bcl-2 families. J Carcinog. 2011;10:24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hou X, Liang RB, Wei JC, et al. Cyclin D1 expression predicts postoperative distant metastasis and survival in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7:31088–31096.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li Z, Wang C, Prendergast GC, et al. Cyclin D1 functions in cell migration. Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex). 2006;5(21):2440–2442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park GH, Song HM, Jeong JB, et al. The coffee diterpene kahweol suppresses the cell proliferation by inducing cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation via ERK1/2, JNK and GKS3β-dependent threonine-286 phosphorylation in human colorectal cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016;95:142–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan C, Zhu X, Han Y, et al. Elevated HOXA1 expression correlates with accelerated tumor cell proliferation and poor prognosis in gastric cancer partly via cyclin D1. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016;35(1):15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichim G, Tait SW. A fate worse than death: apoptosis as an oncogenic process. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16:539–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mace PD, Riedl SJ, Salvesen GS, et al. Caspase enzymology and activation mechanisms. Methods Enzymol. 2014;544:161–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng MH, Pan CY, Chen NF, et al. Piscidin-1 induces apoptosis via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction in human osteosarcoma cells. Sci Rep. 2020;10:5045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray PD, Huang BW, Tsuji Y, et al. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal. 2012;24:981–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HM, Chang FR, Hsieh YC, et al. A novel synthetic protoapigenone analogue, WYC02-9, induces DNA damage and apoptosis in DU145 prostate cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;50:1151–1162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv L, Zheng L, Dong D, et al. Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, induces apoptosis and DNA damage through reactive oxygen species: a potential new drug for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;59:657–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morel I, Lescoat G, Cillard J, et al. Kinetic evaluation of free malondialdehyde and enzyme leakage as indices of iron damage in rat hepatocyte cultures. Involvement of free radicals. Biochem pharmacol. 1990;39(11):1647–1655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Yi J. Cancer cell killing via ROS: to increase or decrease, that is the question. Cancer Biol Ther. 2008;7(12):1875–1884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinaldi M, Caffo M, Minutoli L, et al. ROS and brain gliomas: an overview of potential and innovative therapeutic strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(6):984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim W, Yang C, Bazer FW, et al. Chrysophanol induces apoptosis of choriocarcinoma through regulation of ROS and the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(2):331–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung PC, Hsieh PC, Lan CC, et al. Role of chrysophanol in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer cell lines via a Wnt-3-dependent pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:8373715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar