Identification and verification of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 as an immune-related hub gene associated with the tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease

References

• Yang C, Gao B, Zhao X, et al. Executive summary for China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) 2016 Annual Data Report. Kidney Int. 2020;98(6):1419–1423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen KL, Chertow GM, Foley RN, et al. : US Renal Data System 2020 Annual Data Report: epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(4 1):A7–A8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X, Xiong X, Yuan S, et al. Validation of the interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy on the new pathological classification in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a single-center study in China. J Diabetes Complications. 2016;30(3):537–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An Y, Xu F, Le W, et al. Renal histologic changes and the outcome in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30(2):257–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert RE. Proximal Tubulopathy: prime Mover and Key Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes. 2017;66(4):791–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickey FB, Martin F. Role of the Immune System in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(4):20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SCW, Yiu WH. Innate immunity in diabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):206–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aran D, Hu Z, Butte AJ. xCell: digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape. Genome Biol. 2017;18(1):220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irizarry RA, Hobbs B, Collin F, et al. Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data. Biostatistics. 2003;4(2):249–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limma SGK. linear models for microarray data. In: Gentleman R, VJ C, Huber W, et al, editors. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor. Vols. 397–420. New York NY: Springer; 2005. p. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Hanzelmann S, Castelo R, Guinney J. GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2013;14(1):7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(43):15545–15550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43(7):e47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin CH, Chen SH, Wu HH, et al. cytoHubba: identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst Biol. 2014;8(4):S11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou Y, Zhou B, Pache L, et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan M, Usman IM, Sun L, et al. Disruption of renal tubular mitochondrial quality control by Myo-inositol oxygenase in diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(6):1304–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satou R, Miyata K, Katsurada A, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} suppresses angiotensinogen expression through formation of a p50/p50 homodimer in human renal proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010;299(4):C750–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu JJ, Liu X, Xia S, et al. FDA-approved disulfiram inhibits pyroptosis by blocking gasdermin D pore formation. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(7):736–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Zhang R, Han X. Disulfiram inhibits inflammation and fibrosis in a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model by inhibiting gasdermin D cleavage and pyroptosis. Inflamm Res. 2021;70(5):543–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu K, Li D, Xu F, et al. IDO1 as a new immune biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with immune cell infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;94:107446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Furth R, Cohn ZA. The origin and kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J Exp Med. 1968;128(3):415–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson PJ, Rees AJ, Griffin MD, et al. The renal mononuclear phagocytic system. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23(2):194–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow F, Ozols E, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, et al. Macrophages in mouse type 2 diabetic nephropathy: correlation with diabetic state and progressive renal injury. Kidney Int. 2004;65(1):116–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow FY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Ma FY, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced tissue inflammation is critical for the development of renal injury but not type 2 diabetes in obese db/db mice. Diabetologia. 2007;50(2):471–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klessens CQF, Zandbergen M, Wolterbeek R, et al. Macrophages in diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(8):1322–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousselle A, Kettritz R, Schreiber A. Monocytes Promote Crescent Formation in Anti-Myeloperoxidase Antibody-Induced Glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol. 1908-1915;187(9):2017.
   Google Scholar
• Castellano G, Trouw LA, Fiore N, et al. Infiltrating dendritic cells contribute to local synthesis of C1q in murine and human lupus nephritis. Mol Immunol. 2010;47(11–12):2129–2137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucci M, Quatraro C, Lombardi L, et al. Glomerular accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in active lupus nephritis: role of interleukin-18. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):251–262.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evers BD, Engel DR, Bohner AM, et al. CD103+ Kidney Dendritic Cells Protect against Crescentic GN by Maintaining IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(11):3368–3382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahler S, Zinselmeyer BH, Raju S, et al. Opposing Roles of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Experimental GN. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;29(1):138–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao X, Ma B, Dong B, et al. Cellular and humoral immune responses in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy in NOD mice. J Autoimmun. 2009;32(2):85–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soos TJ, Sims TN, Barisoni L, et al. CX3CR1+ interstitial dendritic cells form a contiguous network throughout the entire kidney. Kidney Int. 2006;70(3):591–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger T. Identification and functional characterization of dendritic cells in the healthy murine kidney and in experimental glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(3):613–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng M, Gu X, Herrera GA. Dendritic cells in renal biopsies of patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Hum Pathol. 2016;54:113–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng M, Gu X, Turbat-Herrera EA, et al. Tubular Injury and Dendritic Cell Activation Are Integral Components of Light Chain-Associated Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019;143(10):1212–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mensah-Brown EP, Obineche EN, Galadari S, et al. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: the role of inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine. 2005;31(3):180–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon JY, Jeong KH, Lee TW, et al. Aberrant recruitment and activation of T cells in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2012;35(2):164–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu BC, Tang TT, Lv LL, et al. Renal tubule injury: a driving force toward chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2018;93(3):568–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linkermann A. Nonapoptotic cell death in acute kidney injury and transplantation. Kidney Int. 2016;89(1):46–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linkermann A, Skouta R, Himmerkus N, et al. Synchronized renal tubular cell death involves ferroptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(47):16836–16841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Sanchez D, Ruiz-Andres O, Poveda J, et al. Ferroptosis, but Not Necroptosis, Is Important in Nephrotoxic Folic Acid-Induced AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(1):218–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulay SR, Linkermann A, Anders HJ. Necroinflammation in Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(1):27–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cookson BT, Brennan MA. Pro-inflammatory programmed cell death. Trends Microbiol. 2001;9(3):113–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Z, Li G. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Regulation of Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4):1456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Yuan YH, Chen NH, et al. The mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis activation and their role in Parkinson’s disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;67:458–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoseini Z, Sepahvand F, Rashidi B, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome: its regulation and involvement in atherosclerosis. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(3):2116–2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vande Walle L, Van Opdenbosch N, Jacques P, et al. Negative regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by A20 protects against arthritis. Nature. 2014;512(7512):69–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuthrich RP. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in murine lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 1992;42(4):903–914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio-Guerra AF, Vargas-Robles H, Lozano Nuevo JJ, et al. Correlation between circulating adhesion molecule levels and albuminuria in type-2 diabetic hypertensive patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2009;32(2):106–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun L, Sun C, Zhou S, et al. Tamsulosin attenuates high glucose- induced injury in glomerular endothelial cells. Bioengineered. 2021;12(1):5184–5194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Y, Kirby JA, Browell DA, et al. Renal allograft rejection: expression and function of VCAM-1 on tubular epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;92(1):145–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar