Upregulated expression of long non-coding RNA MEG3 serves as a prognostic biomarker in severe pneumonia children and its regulatory mechanism

References

• Quinton LJ, Walkey AJ, Mizgerd JP. Integrative physiology of pneumonia. Physiol Rev. 2018 Jul 1;98(3):1417–1464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Cui W, Song Q, et al. miRNA-302e attenuates inflammation in infantile pneumonia though the RelA/BRD4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 2019 Jul;44(1):47–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Roux DM, Zar HJ. Community-acquired pneumonia in children - a changing spectrum of disease. Pediatr Radiol. 2017 Oct;47(11):1392–1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyu HH, Pinho C, Wagner JA, et al. Global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013: findings from the global burden of disease 2013 study. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Mar;170(3):267–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean P, Florin TA. Factors associated with pneumonia severity in children: a systematic review. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018 Dec 3;7(4):323–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zar HJ, Andronikou S, Nicol MP. Advances in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2017 Jul;26(358):2739.
   Google Scholar
• Statello L, Guo CJ, Chen LL, et al. Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Feb;22(2):96–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan LP, Liu ZB, Wu M, et al. Effect of lncRNA MALAT1 expression on survival status of elderly patients with severe pneumonia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Apr;24(7):3959–3964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Gao G, et al. Long noncoding RNA SNHG16 targets miR-146a-5p/CCL5 to regulate LPS-induced WI-38 cell apoptosis and inflammation in acute pneumonia. Life Sci. 2019 Jul 1;228:189–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulet C, Njock MS, Moermans C, et al. Exosomal long non-coding rnas in lung diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 19;21(10):3580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu YY, Wu Y, Lin MJ, et al. LncRNA-MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate Treg/Th17 balance in patients with asthma by targeting microRNA-17/ RORγt. Biomed Pharmacothe. 2019 Mar;111:386–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Wang Z, LncRNA DY. MEG3 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer via interaction with DKC1 protein. Oncol Lett. 2020 Sep;20(3):2183–2190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokey JJ, Snowball J, Sridharan A, et al. MEG3 is increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and regulates epithelial cell differentiation. JCI Insight. 2018 Sep 6;3(17). DOI:10.1172/jci.insight.122490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the pediatric infectious diseases society and the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(7):e25–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou X, Gao C, Shang R, et al. Knockdown of lncRNA LINC00707 alleviates LPS-induced injury in MRC-5 cells by acting as a ceRNA of miR-223-5p. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2021 Feb 18;85(2):315–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He R, Li Y, Zhou L, et al. miR-146b overexpression ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biochem. 2019 Mar;120(3):2929–2939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Li F, Xia Y, et al. UVB induces cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression by de novo ID4 methylation via methylation regulating enzymes. EBioMedicine. 2020 Jul;57:102835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Gao L, Yuan M, et al. In vitro and in vivo study of antifungal effect of pyrvinium pamoate alone and in combination with azoles against exophiala dermatitidis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:576975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang X, He B, Ning Q, et al. Alantolactone suppresses inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in cigarette smoke-induced human bronchial epithelial cells through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of the NF-κB pathways. Respir Res. 2020 Apr 22;21(1):95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan L, Xu H, Guo R, et al. Long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 alleviates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity by regulating the miR-421/zinc finger protein564 (ZNF564) axis. Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(1):5231–5240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz-Peköz A, Akbal O, Tekarslan SH, et al. Preparation and characterization of doripenem-loaded microparticles for pulmonary delivery. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2018 Dec;31(6):347–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2018;12(2):136–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco J. Community-acquired Pneumonia. Radiol Technol. 2017 Jul;88(6):621–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo W, Liu Y, Zhang Q, et al. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine injections on severe pneumonia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Sep 25;99(39):e22012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cw L, Ai M, DW H. Community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Med Clin North Am. 2019 May;103(3):487–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang S, Feng C, Chen L, et al. Identification of potential key long non-coding rnas and target genes associated with pneumonia using long non-coding RNA sequencing (lncRNA-Seq): a preliminary study. Med Sci Monit. 2016 Sep;22(22):3394–3408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao YJ, Chen YE, Zhang HJ, et al. LncRNA UCA1 remits LPS-engendered inflammatory damage through deactivation of miR-499b-5p/TLR4 axis. IUBMB Life. 2021 Feb;73(2):463-473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song B, Ye L, Wu S, et al. Long non-coding RNA MEG3 regulates CSE-induced apoptosis and inflammation via regulating miR-218 in 16HBE cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Jan 8;521(2):368–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clementi N, Ghosh S, De Santis M, et al. Viral respiratory pathogens and lung injury. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021 Jun 16;34(3):3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen P, Huang Z, Chen L, et al. The relationships between LncRNA NNT-AS1, CRP, PCT and their interactions and the refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 21;11(1):2059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paniri A, Akhavan-Niaki H. Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation. Life Sci. 2020 Sep 15;257:118114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Li W, Song F, et al. Silencing of lncRNA MIAT alleviates LPS-induced pneumonia via regulating miR-147a/NKAP/NF-κB axis. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Dec 9;13(2):2506-2518.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Mao F, Zhao G, et al. Long non-coding RNA SNHG16 promotes lipopolysaccharides-induced acute pneumonia in A549 cells via targeting miR-370-3p/IGF2 axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jan;78:106065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han J, Li S, Feng Y, et al. A novel circular RNA (hsa_circ_0059930)-mediated miRNA-mRNA axis in the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model of MRC-5 cells. Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(1):1739–1751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L, Liu Z, Yin H, et al. Silencing of MEG3 inhibited ox-LDL-induced inflammation and apoptosis in macrophages via modulation of the MEG3/miR-204/CDKN2A regulatory axis. Cell Biol Int. 2019 Apr;43(4):409–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zha F, Qu X, Tang B, et al. Long non-coding RNA MEG3 promotes fibrosis and inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy via miR-181a/Egr-1/TLR4 axis. Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Jun 13;11(11):3716–3730.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meng J, Ding T, Chen Y, et al. LncRNA-Meg3 promotes Nlrp3-mediated microglial inflammation by targeting miR-7a-5p. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jan;90:107141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding C, Yi X, Xu J, et al. Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 modifies cell-cycle, migration, invasion, and proliferation through AKAP12 by sponging miR-29c in meningioma cells. Front Oncol. 2020;10:537763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li QL, Wu YY, Sun HM, et al. The role of miR-29c/B7-H3/Th17 axis in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Ital J Pediatr. 2019 May 14;45(1):61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar