Wnt10b-overexpressing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote fracture healing via accelerated cartilage callus to bone remodeling

References

• CHEN W, LV H, S LIU, et al. National incidence of traumatic fractures in China: a retrospective survey of 512 187 individuals [J]. The Lancet. Global Health. 2017;5(8):e807–e17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostenuik P, M MIRZAF. Fracture healing physiology and the quest for therapies for delayed healing and nonunion [J]. J Orthop Res. 2017;35(2):213–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A EINHORNT, C GERSTENFELDL. Fracture healing: mechanisms and interventions [J]. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(1):45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D HANKENSONK, Gagne K, Shaughnessy M. Extracellular signaling molecules to promote fracture healing and bone regeneration [J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015;94(3):3–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanske B, Chandler H, PIERCE A, et al. Abaloparatide, a PTH receptor agonist with homology to PTHrP, enhances callus bridging and biomechanical properties in rats with femoral fracture [J]. J Orthop Res. 2019;37(4):812–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R HIXONK, A MCKENZIEJ, W SYKESDA, et al. Ablation of proliferating osteoblast lineage cells after fracture leads to atrophic nonunion in a mouse model [J]. J Bone Miner Res. 2021;36(11):2243–2257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG C, YING J, X NIE, et al. Targeting angiogenesis for fracture nonunion treatment in inflammatory disease [J]. Bone Res. 2021;9(1):29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG T, ZHANG X, D BIKLED. Osteogenic differentiation of periosteal cells during fracture healing [J]. J Cell Physiol. 2017;232(5):913–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debnath S, R YALLOWITZA, Mccormick J, et al. Discovery of a periosteal stem cell mediating intramembranous bone formation [J]. Nature. 2018;562(7725):133–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG L, J TOWERR, Chandra A, et al. Periosteal mesenchymal progenitor dysfunction and extraskeletally-derived fibrosis contribute to atrophic fracture nonunion [J]. J Bone Miner Res. 2019;34(3):520–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majidinia M, Sadeghpour A, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in bone repair and regeneration [J]. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(4):2937–2948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUANG P, R YAN, ZHANG X, et al. Activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway for disease therapy: challenges and opportunities [J]. Pharmacol Ther. 2019;196(79):79–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarahrudi K, Thomas A, Albrecht C, et al. Strongly enhanced levels of sclerostin during human fracture healing [J]. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(10):1549–1555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y LIU, FANG J, ZHANG Q, et al. Wnt10b-overexpressing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote critical size rat calvarial defect healing by enhanced osteogenesis and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis [J]. J Orthop Translat. 2020;23:29–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUANG Q, Y ZOU, C ARNOM, et al. Hydrogel scaffolds for differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells [J]. Chem Soc Rev. 2017;46(20):6255–6275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leppanen O, Sievanen H, Jokihaara J, et al. Three-point bending of rat femur in the mediolateral direction: introduction and validation of a novel biomechanical testing protocol [J]. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21(8):520–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN W, Y SUN, GU X, et al. Conditioned medium of human bone marrow-derived stem cells promotes tendon-bone healing of the rotator cuff in a rat model [J]. Biomaterials. 2021;271(120714):120714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P WONGS, E ROWLEYJ, N REDPATHA, et al. Pericytes, mesenchymal stem cells and their contributions to tissue repair [J]. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;151:107–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHANG Y, Z HAO, WANG P, et al. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance fracture healing through HIF-1alpha-mediated promotion of angiogenesis in a rat model of stabilized fracture [J]. Cell Prolif. 2019;52(2):e12570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G WALMSLEYG, C RANSOMR, R ZIELINSE, et al. Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration [J]. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2016;12(5):524–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagno L, E HATZISTERGOSK, Balkan W, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease: progress and challenges [J]. Mol Ther. 2018;26(7):524–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G PHINNEYD, F PITTENGERM. Concise review: MSC-derived exosomes for cell-free therapy [J]. Stem Cells. 2017;35(4):851–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilk K, A YEHS, J MORTENSENL, et al. Postnatal calvarial skeletal stem cells expressing PRX1 reside exclusively in the calvarial sutures and are required for bone regeneration [J]. Stem Cell Reports. 2017;8(4):933–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupp M, Biehl C, Budak M, et al. Diaphyseal long bone nonunions - types, aetiology, economics, and treatment recommendations [J]. Int Orthop. 2018;42(2):247–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P KUSUMBEA, K RAMASAMYS, H ADAMSR. Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone [J]. Nature. 2014;507(7492):323–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng Y, WU S, LI Y, et al. Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling [J]. Theranostics. 2020;10(1):426–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H LIUJ, Yue T, W LUOZ, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila promotes type H vessel formation and bone fracture healing by reducing gut permeability and inflammation [J]. Dis Model Mech. 2020;13(11). DOI:10.1242/dmm.043620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C LIMJ, I KOK, Mattos M, et al. TNFalpha contributes to diabetes impaired angiogenesis in fracture healing [J]. Bone. 2017;99(26):26–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubner K, Cabochette P, Dieguez-hurtado R, et al. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates VE-cadherin-mediated anastomosis of brain capillaries by counteracting S1pr1 signaling [J]. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar