Anisotropic super-hardness of hexagonal WB_2±z thin films

References

• Mitterer C. Borides in thin film technology. J Solid State Chem. 1997;133:279–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euchner H, Mayrhofer PH. Designing thin film materials — ternary borides from first principles. Thin Solid Films. 2015;583:46–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagamatsu J, Nakagawa N, Muranaka T, et al. Superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride. Nature. 2001;410:63–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnuson M, Hultman L, Högberg H. Review of transition-metal diboride thin films. Vacuum. 2022;196:110567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes V, Riedl H, Fuger C, et al. Ab initio inspired design of ternary boride thin films. Sci Rep. 2018;8:9288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanovskii AL. Mechanical and electronic properties of diborides of transition 3d–5d metals from first principles: toward search of novel ultra-incompressible and superhard materials. Prog Mater Sci. 2012;57:184–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiessling R. The binary system chromium-boron. Acta Chem Scand. 1949;3:949.
   Google Scholar
• Dorri MM, et al. Synthesis and characterization of CrB2 thin films grown by DC magnetron sputtering. Scr Mater. 2021;200:113915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frotscher M, Klein W, Bauer J, et al. M2b5 or M2B4? A reinvestigation of the Mo/B and W/B system. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 2007;633:2626–2630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuger C, Moraes V, Hahn R, et al. Influence of Tantalum on phase stability and mechanical properties of WB2. MRS Commun. 2019;9:375–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euchner H, Mayrhofer PH, Riedl H, et al. Solid solution hardening of vacancy stabilized Ti W1−B2. Acta Mater. 2015;101:55–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YM, Jiang CL, Pei ZL, et al. Microstructure and properties of AlB2-type WB2 thin films deposited by direct-current magnetron sputtering. Surf Coat Technol. 2014;245:108–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisaitis J, Dahlqvist M, Hall AJ, et al. Where is the unpaired transition metal in substoichiometric diboride line compounds? Acta Mater. 2021;204:116510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orozco-Caballero A, Li F, Esqué-de los Ojos D, et al. On the ductility of alpha titanium: The effect of temperature and deformation mode. Acta Mater. 2018;149:1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad KE, Ramesh KT. Hardness and mechanical anisotropy of hexagonal SiC single crystal polytypes. J Alloys Compd. 2019;770:158–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian S-R. Berkovich indentation-induced deformation behaviors of GaN thin films observed using cathodoluminescence and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Appl Surf Sci. 2008;254:6749–6753.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Xu K, Fan YM, et al. Nanoscale anisotropic plastic deformation in single crystal GaN. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2012;7:1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishida K, Shinkai Y, Inui H. Room temperature deformation of 6H–SiC single crystals investigated by micropillar compression. Acta Mater. 2020;187:19–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niihara K. Slip systems and plastic deformation of silicon carbide single crystals at high temperatures. J Less Common Metals. 1979;65:155–166.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn R, Moraes V, Limbeck A, et al. Electron-configuration stabilized (W,Al)B2 solid solutions. Acta Mater. 2019;174:398–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes V, Fuger C, Paneta V, et al. Substoichiometry and tantalum dependent thermal stability of α-structured W-Ta-B thin films. Scr Mater. 2018;155:5–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuger C, Schwartz B, Wojcik T, et al. Influence of Ta on the oxidation resistance of WB2−z coatings. J Alloys Compd. 2021;864:158121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kresse G, Joubert D. From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phys Rev B. 1999;59:1758–1775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kresse G, Furthmüller J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys Rev B. 1996;54:11169–11186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perdew JP, Burke K, Ernzerhof M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys Rev Lett. 1996;77:3865–3868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu R, Zhu J, Ye HQ. Calculations of single-crystal elastic constants made simple. Comput Phys Commun. 2010;181:671–675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer-Cripps AC. Critical review of analysis and interpretation of nanoindentation test data. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;200:4153–4165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakara A, Bonta M, Riedl H, et al. Development of a multi-variate calibration approach for quantitative analysis of oxidation resistant Mo–Si–B coatings using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta Part B. 2016;120:57–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riedl H, Vieweg A, Limbeck A, et al. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of boron enhanced Mo–Si coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2015;280:282–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonta M, Frank J, Taibl S, et al. Online-LASIL: laser ablation of solid samples in liquid with online-coupled ICP-OES detection for direct determination of the stoichiometry of complex metal oxide thin layers. Anal Chim Acta. 2018;1000:93–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aschauer E, Riedl H, Koller CM, et al. Adhesive wear formation on PVD coated tools applied in hot forming of Al-Si coated steel sheets. Wear. 2019;430-431:309–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartosik M, Hahn R, Zhang ZL, et al. Fracture toughness of Ti-Si-N thin films. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater. 2018;72:78–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matoy K, Schönherr H, Detzel T, et al. A comparative micro-cantilever study of the mechanical behavior of silicon based passivation films. Thin Solid Films. 2009;518:247–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods HP, Wawner FE, Fox BG. Tungsten diboride: preparation and structure. Science. 1966;151:75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayami W, Momozawa A, Otani S. Effect of defects in the formation of AlB 2 -type WB 2 and MoB 2. Inorg Chem. 2013;52:7573–7577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Y, Xu B, Zhao Z. Microscopic theory of hardness and design of novel superhard crystals. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater. 2012;33:93–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Momma K, Izumi F. VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data. J Appl Crystallogr. 2011;44:1272–1276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilaas R. Optimal and near-optimal filters in high-resolution electron microscopy. J Microsc. 1998;190:45–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter B, Yu X-X, De Leon N, et al. Investigations into the slip behavior of zirconium diboride. J Mater Res. 2016;31:2749–2756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar