Investigation of the dealloying front in partially corroded alloys

References

• Kramer D, Viswanath RN, Weissmüller J. Surface-stress induced macroscopic bending of nanoporous gold cantilevers. Nano Lett. 2004;4(5):793–796. doi: 10.1021/nl049927d
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielasek V, Jürgens B, Schulz C, et al. Gold catalysts: nanoporous gold foams. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2006;45(48):8241–8244. doi: 10.1002/anie.200602484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Su J, Xu X, et al. Low temperature CO oxidation over unsupported nanoporous gold. J Am Chem Soc. 2007;129(1):42–43. 10.1021/ja0675503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biener J, Wittstock A, Zepeda-Ruiz LA, et al. Surface-chemistry-driven actuation in nanoporous gold. Nat Mater. 2009;8(1):47–51. doi: 10.1038/nmat2335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittstock A, Zielasek V, Biener J, et al. Nanoporous gold catalysts for selective gas-phase oxidative coupling of methanol at low temperature. Science. 2010;327(5963):319–322. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5963/319.abstract
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenner C, Shao LH, Mameka N, et al. Piezoelectric gold: strong charge-load response in a metal-based hybrid nanomaterial. Adv Funct Mater. 2016;26(28):5174–5181. 10.1002/adfm.201600938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kameoka S, Tsai A. CO oxidation over a fine porous gold catalyst fabricated by selective leaching from an ordered AuCu3 intermetallic compound. Catal Letters. 2008;121(3-4):337–341. doi: 10.1007/s10562-007-9344-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kameoka S, Tsai AP. Oxidation behavior and catalytic property of intermetallic compound AuCu. Catal Today. 2008;132(1-4):88–92. 11th Korea-Japan Symposium on Catalysis, 21-23 May 2007, Seoul, Korea; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092058610700911X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracey CL, Ellis PR, Hutchings GJ. Application of copper-gold alloys in catalysis: current status and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev. 2009;38(8):2231–2243. doi: 10.1039/B817729P
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong Y, Markmann J, Jin HJ, et al. Crack mitigation during dealloying of Au25Cu75. Adv Eng Mater. 2014;16(4):389–398. doi: 10.1002/adem.201300211
   Google Scholar
• Okamoto H, Chakrabarti D, Laughlin D, et al. The Au–Cu (gold–copper) system. J Phase Equilibria. 1987;8(5):454.
   Google Scholar
• Guisbiers G, Mejia-Rosales S, Khanal S, et al. Gold–copper nano-alloy, “tumbaga”, in the era of nano: phase diagram and segregation. Nano Lett. 2014;14(11):6718–6726. PMID: 25338111 doi: 10.1021/nl503584q
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Mel AA, Boukli-Hacene F, Molina-Luna L, et al. Unusual dealloying effect in gold/copper alloy thin films: the role of defects and column boundaries in the formation of nanoporous gold. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015;7(4):2310–2321. PMID: 25562716 doi: 10.1021/am5065816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier I, Fernández S, Galvele J. The stress corrosion cracking of AgAu alloys. Corros Sci. 1995;37(1):1–16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010938X9400099R
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman R, Corcoran S, Erlebacher J, et al. Alloy corrosion. MRS Bullet. 1999;24(7):24–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li GG, Villarreal E, Zhang Q, et al. Controlled dealloying of alloy nanoparticles toward optimization of electrocatalysis on spongy metallic nanoframes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(36):23920–23931. 10.1021/acsami.6b07309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu X, Balk T, Spolenak R, et al. Dealloying of Au–Ag thin films with a composition gradient: influence on morphology of nanoporous Au. Thin Solid Films. 2007;515(18):7122–7126. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040609007003355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrish R, Dorame K, Muscat A. Formation of nanoporous Au by dealloying AuCu thin films in HNO3. Scr Mater. 2011;64(9):856–859. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359646211000224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauvin A, Delacôte C, Molina-Luna L, et al. Planar arrays of nanoporous gold nanowires: when electrochemical dealloying meets nanopatterning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(10):6611–6620. PMID: 26926232 doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b11244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse AY, Karasz EK, Sieradzki K. Dealloying and morphology evolution of ordered and disordered Cu3Au. Scr Mater. 2020;176:112–116. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359646219305421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackmann A, Mahr C, Schowalter M, et al. A comparative study of alcohol oxidation over nanoporous gold in gas and liquid phase. J Catal. 2017;353:99–106. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951717302518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Völker E, Williams FJ, Calvo EJ, et al. O2 induced Cu surface segregation in Au–Cu alloys studied by angle resolved XPS and DFT modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012;14(20):7448–7455. doi:10.1039/C2CP40565B
   Google Scholar
• Badwe N, Chen X, Schreiber DK, et al. Decoupling the role of stress and corrosion in the intergranular cracking of noble-metal alloys. Nat Mater. 2018;17(10):887–893. doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0162-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krekeler T, Straßer AV, Graf M, et al. Silver-rich clusters in nanoporous gold. Mater Res Lett. 2017;5(5):314–321. doi: 10.1080/21663831.2016.1276485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahr C, Kundu P, Lackmann A, et al. Quantitative determination of residual silver distribution in nanoporous gold and its influence on structure and catalytic performance. J Catal. 2017;352:52–58. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951717301689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Zoka A, Langelier B, Botton G, et al. Enhanced analysis of nanoporous gold by atom probe tomography. Mater Charact. 2017;128(Supplement C):269–277. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104458031631258X
   Google Scholar
• Mahr C, Schowalter M, Mitterbauer C, et al. Nanoporous gold dealloyed from AuAg and AuCu: comparison of structure and chemical composition. Materialia. 2018;2:131–137. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258915291830053X
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, Ngo-Dinh BN, Markmann J, et al. Evolution of length scales and of chemical heterogeneity during primary and secondary dealloying. Acta Mater. 2022;222:117424. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135964542100803X
   Google Scholar
• Renner FU, Stierle A, Dosch H, et al. Initial corrosion observed on the atomic scale. Nature. 2006;439(7077):707–710. doi: 10.1038/nature04465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renner FU, Stierle A, Dosch H, et al. In situ x-ray diffraction study of the initial dealloying and passivation of Cu3Au (111) during anodic dissolution. Phys Rev B. 2008;77(23):235433. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.235433
   Google Scholar
• Pareek A, Borodin S, Bashir A, et al. Initiation and inhibition of dealloying of single crystalline Cu3Au (111) surfaces. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133(45):18264–18271. doi: 10.1021/ja2054644
   Google Scholar
• Parks B, Fritz J, Pickering H. The difference in the electrochemical behavior of the ordered and disordered phases of Cu3Au. Scr Metall. 1989;23(6):951–956. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0036974889902767
   Google Scholar
• Moffat TP, Fan FRF, Bard AJ. Electrochemical and scanning tunneling microscopic study of dealloying of Cu3Au. J Electrochem Soc. 1991;138(11):3224–3235. doi: 10.1149/1.2085396
   Google Scholar
• Xia J, Ambrozik S, Crane CC, et al. Impact of structure and composition on the dealloying of CuxAu(1−x) bulk and nanoscale alloys. J Phys Chem C. 2016;120(4):2299–2308. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11637
   Google Scholar
• Beverskog B, Puigdomenech I. Revised pourbaix diagrams for copper at 25 to 300C. J Electrochem Soc. 1997;144(10):3476–3483. http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/144/10/3476.abstract
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hans M, Mathews S, Mücklich F, et al. Physicochemical properties of copper important for its antibacterial activity and development of a unified model. Biointerphases. 2016;11(1):018902. doi: 10.1116/1.4935853
   Google Scholar
• Wang LC, Zhong Y, Widmann D, et al. Oxygen adsorption and low-temperature CO oxidation on a nanoporous Au catalyst: reaction mechanism and foreign metal effects. Top Catal. 2018;61(5-6):446–461. doi: 10.1007/s11244-017-0881-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes-Nava JA, Rodríguez-López JL, Pal U. Generalizing segregation and chemical ordering in bimetallic nanoclusters through atomistic view points. Phys Rev B. 2009;80(16):161412. 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.161412
   Google Scholar
• Meitzner G, Via GH, Lytle FW, et al. Structure of bimetallic clusters. extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies of Ag–Cu and Au–Cu clusters. J Chem Phys. 1985;83(9):4793–4799. doi:10.1063/1.449005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar