Local composition detouring for defect-free compositionally graded materials in additive manufacturing

References

• Karthik GM, Kim HS. Heterogeneous aspects of additive manufactured metallic parts: a review. Met Mater Int. 2021;27(1):1–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay A, Zhang Y, Bose S. Recent developments in metal additive manufacturing. Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2020;28:96–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DebRoy T, Wei HL, Zuback JS, et al. Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties. Prog Mater Sci. 2018;92:112–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorsse S, Hutchinson C, Gouné M, et al. Additive manufacturing of metals: a brief review of the characteristic microstructures and properties of steels, Ti-6Al-4V and high-entropy alloys. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2017;18(1):584–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JM, Asghari-Rad P, Zargaran A, et al. Nano-scale heterogeneity-driven metastability engineering in ferrous medium-entropy alloy induced by additive manufacturing. Acta Mater. 2021;221:117426.
   Google Scholar
• Park JM, Kim ES, Kwon H, et al. Effect of heat treatment on microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical properties of 1%C-CoCrFeMnNi alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. Addit Manuf. 2021;47:102283.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Chen F, Huang Z, et al. Additive manufacturing of functionally graded materials: a review. Mater Sci Eng A. 2019;764:138209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son JY, Yoon HS, Lee KY, et al. Investigation into high-temperature interfacial strength of heat-resisting alloy deposited by laser melting process. Met Mater Int. 2020;26(3):384–394.
   Google Scholar
• Saleh B, Jiang J, Fathi R, et al. 30 Years of functionally graded materials: an overview of manufacturing methods, Applications and Future Challenges. Composites, Part B. 2020;201:108376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Chen S, Zhang C, et al. Layered 50Cr6Ni2/stellite X-40 multi-material fabricated by direct laser deposition: characterization and properties. Met Mater Int. 2021;27(1):40–49.
   Google Scholar
• Guo M, Chen S, Shang F, et al. Laser cladding novel NiCrSiFeBW–CeO2 coating with both high wear and corrosion resistance. Met Mater Int. 2021;27(8):2706–2719.
   Google Scholar
• Bohidar SK, Sharma R, Mishra PR. Functionally graded materials: a critical review. Int J Res. 2014;1(4):289–301.
   Google Scholar
• Studart AR. Biological and bioinspired composites with spatially tunable heterogeneous architectures. Adv Funct Mater. 2013;23(36):4423–4436.
   Google Scholar
• Chen P-Y, McKittrick J, Meyers MA. Biological materials: functional adaptations and bioinspired designs. Prog Mater Sci. 2012;57(8):1492–1704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers MA, McKittrick J, Chen P-Y. Structural biological materials: critical mechanics-materials connections. Science. 2013;339(6121):773–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Q, Huang Z, Zheng G, et al. Thermal Shock Behavior of a Novel TiCx–Ni3(Al,Ti)/Ni Functionally Graded Composite. Met Mater Int. 2021;27(12):5133–5144.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll BE, Otis RA, Borgonia JP, et al. Functionally graded material of 304L stainless steel and inconel 625 fabricated by directed energy deposition: characterization and thermodynamic modeling. Acta Mater. 2016;108:46–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen N, Khan HA, Wan Z, et al. Microstructural characteristics and crack formation in additively manufactured bimetal material of 316L stainless steel and Inconel 625. Addit Manuf. 2020;32:101037.
   Google Scholar
• Mei X, Wang X, Peng Y, et al. Interfacial characterization and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel/inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng A. 2019;758:185–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dev S, Ramkumar KD, Arivazhagan N, et al. Investigations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welds of inconel 718 and sulphur rich martensitic stainless steel, AISI 416. J Manuf Process. 2018;32:685–698.
   Google Scholar
• Devendranath Ramkumar K, Patel SD, Sri Praveen S, et al. Influence of filler metals and welding techniques on the structure–property relationships of Inconel 718 and AISI 316L dissimilar weldments. Mater Des (1980-2015). 2014;62:175–188.
   Google Scholar
• Reichardt A, Dillon RP, Borgonia JP, et al. Development and characterization of Ti-6Al-4V to 304L stainless steel gradient components fabricated with laser deposition additive manufacturing. Mater Des. 2016;104:404–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobbio LD, Otis RA, Borgonia JP, et al. Additive manufacturing of a functionally graded material from Ti-6Al-4V to Invar: experimental characterization and thermodynamic calculations. Acta Mater. 2017;127:133–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagong MJ, Kim ES, Park JM, et al. Interface characteristics and mechanical behavior of additively manufactured multi-material of stainless steel and Inconel. Mater Sci Eng A. 2022;847:143318.
   Google Scholar
• Kim ES, Haftlang F, Ahn SY, et al. Effects of processing parameters and heat treatment on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the in-situ synthesized Fe-Ni permalloy produced using direct energy deposition. J Alloys Compd. 2022;907:164415.
   Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Li S, Kim ES, et al. Transformation-induced plasticity in the heterogeneous microstructured Ti-Zr-Nb-Sn alloy via in-situ alloying with directed energy deposition. Addit Manuf. 2022;58:102990.
   Google Scholar
• Timischl F, Inoue N. Increasing compositional backscattered electron contrast in scanning electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy. 2018;186:82–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yasseri M, Farahi N, Kelm K, et al. Rapid determination of local composition in quasi-binary, inhomogeneous material systems from backscattered electron image contrast. Materialia. 2018;2:98–103.
   Google Scholar
• Wang K, Liu Y, Sun Z, et al. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 superalloy thin wall fabricated by pulsed plasma arc additive manufacturing. J Alloys Compd. 2020;819:152936.
   Google Scholar
• Yesim Yalcin M, Bora D, Aydogan E. Development and additive manufacturing of oxide dispersion strengthened inconel 718: thermochemical and experimental studies. J Alloys Compd. 2022;914:165193.
   Google Scholar
• Barr C, Da Sun S, Easton M, et al. Influence of delay strategies and residual heat on in-situ tempering in the laser metal deposition of 300M high strength steel. Surf Coat Technol. 2020;383:125279.
   Google Scholar
• Lee HT, Chen CT. Numerical and experimental investigation into effect of temperature field on sensitization of AISI 304 in butt welds fabricated by Gas tungsten Arc welding. Mater Trans. 2011;52(7):1506–1514.
   Google Scholar
• Biegler M, Graf B, Rethmeier M. In-situ distortions in LMD additive manufacturing walls can be measured with digital image correlation and predicted using numerical simulations. Addit Manuf. 2018;20:101–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z-K. Thermodynamic calculations of carbonitrides in microalloyed steels. Scr Mater. 2004;50(5):601–606.
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, Wu S, Li H, et al. Submerged arc additive manufacturing (SAAM) of low-carbon steel: effect of in-situ intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) on microstructure and mechanical properties. Addit Manuf. 2021;46:102124.
   Google Scholar
• Sames WJ, Unocic KA, Helmreich GW, et al. Feasibility of in situ controlled heat treatment (ISHT) of Inconel 718 during electron beam melting additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf. 2017;13:156–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Huang H, Chen C, et al. Additive manufacturing of high strength near β titanium alloy Ti-55511 by engineering nanoscale secondary α laths via in-situ heat treatment. Mater Sci Eng A. 2021;814:141245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao H, Li S, Han X, et al. Laves phase control of Inconel 718 alloy using quasi-continuous-wave laser additive manufacturing. Mater Des. 2017;122:330–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye X, Zhang P, Zhao J, et al. Effect of macro- and micro-segregation on hot cracking of Inconel 718 superalloy argon-arc multilayer cladding. J Mater Process Technol. 2018;258:251–258.
   Google Scholar
• Sui S, Chen J, Fan E, et al. The influence of Laves phases on the high-cycle fatigue behavior of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718. Mater Sci Eng A. 2017;695:6–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng W, Zhang W, Zhang W, et al. Fabrication of steel-Inconel functionally graded materials by laser melting deposition integrating with laser synchronous preheating. Opt Laser Technol. 2020;131:106451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobbio LD, Bocklund B, Simsek E, et al. Design of an additively manufactured functionally graded material of 316 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V with Ni-20Cr, Cr, and V intermediate compositions. Addit Manuf. 2022;51:102649.
   Google Scholar
• Moustafa AR, Durga A, Lindwall G, et al. Scheil ternary projection (STeP) diagrams for designing additively manufactured functionally graded metals. Addit Manuf. 2020;32:101008.
   Google Scholar
• Okugawa M, Izumikawa D, Koizumi Y. Simulations of Non-equilibrium and equilibrium segregation in nickel-based superalloy using modified scheil-gulliver and phase-field methods. Mater Trans. 2020;61(11):2072–2078.
   Google Scholar
• Martin JH, Yahata BD, Hundley JM, et al. 3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys. Nature. 2017;549(7672):365–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller T, Lindwall G, Ghosh S, et al. Application of finite element, phase-field, and CALPHAD-based methods to additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys. Acta Mater. 2017;139:244–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippold JC. Welding metallurgy and weldability. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Kong D, Dong C, Ni X, et al. High-throughput fabrication of nickel-based alloys with different Nb contents via a dual-feed additive manufacturing system: effect of Nb content on microstructural and mechanical properties. J Alloys Compd. 2019;785:826–837.
   Google Scholar