A Macroscopic Analysis of News Content in Twitter

REFERENCES

• Antoniades, Demetris, Iasonas Polakis, Georgios Kontaxis, Elias Athanasopoulos, Sotiris Ioannidis, Evangelos P. Markatos, and Thomas Karagiannis. 2011. “We.B: The Web of Short URLs.” In Proceedings of the 20th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2011), 715–724. New York: ACM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, Corey L., and Fangfang Gao. 2010. “Now Tweet This: How News Organizations Use Twitter.” Electronic News 4 (4): 218–235. doi:10.1177/1931243110389457.
   Google Scholar
• Artwick, Claudette G. 2013. “Reporters on Twitter: Product or Service?” Digital Journalism 1 (2): 212–228. doi:10.1080/21670811.2012.744555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastos, Marco Toledo. 2015. “Shares, Pins, and Tweets: News Readership from Daily Papers to Social Media.” Journalism Studies 16 (3): 305–325. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2014.891857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BBC News. 2014. “Egypt Trial: Outcry over Al-Jazeera Trio’s Sentencing.” BBC News. June 23. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27982732.
   Google Scholar
• Blei, David M., Andrew Y. Ng, and Michael I. Jordan. 2003. “Latent Dirichlet Allocation.” Journal of Machine Learning Research 3 (March): 993–1022.
   Google Scholar
• Borge-Holthoefer, Javier, Walid Magdy, Kareem Darwish, and Ingmar Weber. 2015. “Content and Network Dynamics behind Egyptian Political Polarization on Twitter.” In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW ’15), 700–711. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2675133.2675163.
   Google Scholar
• Bosch, Tanja. 2014. “Social Media and Community Radio Journalism in South Africa.” Digital Journalism 2 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.850199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• boyd, danah, Scott Golder, and Gilad Lotan. 2010. “Tweet, Tweet, Retweet: Conversational Aspects of Retweeting on Twitter.” In Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-43), 1–10. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2010.412.
   Google Scholar
• Broersma, Marcel, and Todd Graham. 2013. “Twitter as a News Source: How Dutch and British Newspapers Used Tweets in Their News Coverage, 2007–2011.” Journalism Practice 7 (4): 446–464. doi:10.1080/17512786.2013.802481.
   Google Scholar
• Brookes, Bertram C., and Jose M. Griffiths. 1978. “Frequency-Rank Distributions.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 29 (1): 5–13. doi:10.1002/asi.4630290104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruns, Axel, and Hallvard Moe. 2013. “Structural Layers of Communication on Twitter.” In Twitter and Society, edited by Katrin Weller, Axel Bruns, Jean Burgess, Merja Mahrt, and Cornelius Puschmann, 15–28. Digital Formations. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo, Carlos, Mohammed El-Haddad, Jürgen Pfeffer, and Matt Stempeck. 2014. “Characterizing the Life Cycle of Online News Stories Using Social Media Reactions.” In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW ’14), 211–223. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2531602.2531623.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Jonathan, Sean Gerrish, Chong Wang, Jordan L. Boyd-Graber, and David M. Blei. 2009. “Reading Tea Leaves: How Humans Interpret Topic Models.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22, edited by Y. Bengio, D. Schuurmans, J. D. Lafferty, C. K. I. Williams, and A. Culotta, 288–296. Curran Associates, Inc. http://papers.nips.cc/paper/3700-reading-tea-leaves-how-humans-interpret-topic-models.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cheong, Marc, and Vincent Lee. 2010. “Dissecting Twitter: A Review on Current Microblogging Research and Lessons from Related Fields.” In From Sociology to Computing in Social Networks, edited by Nasrullah Memon and Reda Alhajj, 343–362. Vienna: Springer Vienna. http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-3-7091-0294-7_18.
   Google Scholar
• Chouliaraki, Lilie, and Bolette Blaagaard. 2013. “Introduction: Cosmopolitanism and the New News Media.” Journalism Studies 14 (2): 150–155. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.718542.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, Raviv, and Derek Ruths. 2013. “Classifying Political Orientation on Twitter: It’s Not Easy!” In Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-13), 91–99. Palo Alto, California: AAAI Press. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM13/paper/view/6128.
   Google Scholar
• Cozma, Raluca, and Kuan-Ju Chen. 2013. “What’s in a Tweet? Foreign Correspondents’ Use of Social Media.” Journalism Practice 7 (1): 33–46. doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.683340.
   Google Scholar
• Dearing, James W., and Everett Rogers. 1996. Agenda-Setting. Communication Concepts 6. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• van Dijck, José. 2013. The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199970773.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Donath, Judith. 2007. “Signals in Social Supernets.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (1): 231–251. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00394.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan, Maeve, Nicole B. Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart, and Mary Madden. 2015. “Demographics of Key Social Networking Platforms.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/demographics-of-key-social-networking-platforms-2/.
   Google Scholar
• El Gody, Ahmed. 2014. “The Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Three Egyptian Newsrooms.” Digital Journalism 2 (1): 77–97. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.850202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Issawi, Fatima. 2014. “Egyptian Media under Transition: In the Name of the Regime… in the Name of the People?” LSE Research Online Documents on Economics. London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/59868/.
   Google Scholar
• Engesser, Sven, and Edda Humprecht. 2015. “Frequency or Skillfulness: How Professional News Media Use Twitter in Five Western Countries.” Journalism Studies 16 (4): 513–529. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2014.939849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaounas, Ilias, Omar Ali, Thomas Lansdall-Welfare, Tijl De Bie, Nick Mosdell, Justin Lewis, and Nello Cristianini. 2013. “Research Methods in the Age of Digital Journalism: Massive-Scale Automated Analysis of News-Content—Topics, Style and Gender.” Digital Journalism 1 (1): 102–116. doi:10.1080/21670811.2012.714928.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, Bob. 2012. “The Future of Journalism: Developments and Debates.” Journalism Studies 13 (5-6): 663–681. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.712301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaffney, Devin, and Cornelius Puschmann. 2013. “Data Collection on Twitter.” In Twitter and Society, edited by Katrin Weller, Axel Bruns, Jean Burgess, Merja Mahrt, and Cornelius Puschmann, 55–68. Digital Formations. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Gayo-Avello, Daniel. 2012a. “‘I Wanted to Predict Elections with Twitter and All I Got Was This Lousy Paper’ — A Balanced Survey on Election Prediction Using Twitter Data.” ArXiv:1204.6441, April. http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.6441.
   Google Scholar
• Gayo-Avello, Daniel. 2012b. “No, You Cannot Predict Elections with Twitter.” IEEE Internet Computing 16 (6): 91–94. doi:10.1109/MIC.2012.137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehl, Robert W. 2014. Reverse Engineering Social Media: Software, Culture, and Political Economy in New Media Capitalism. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh, Saptarshi, Bimal Viswanath, Farshad Kooti, Naveen Kumar Sharma, Gautam Korlam, Fabricio Benevenuto, Niloy Ganguly, and Krishna Phani Gummadi. 2012. “Understanding and Combating Link Farming in the Twitter Social Network.” In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2012), 61–70. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2187836.2187846.
   Google Scholar
• Golan, Guy. 2006. “Inter-Media Agenda Setting and Global News Coverage: Assessing the Influence of the New York times on Three Network Television Evening News Programs.” Journalism Studies 7 (2): 323–333. doi:10.1080/14616700500533643.
   Google Scholar
• Grier, Chris, Kurt Thomas, Vern Paxson, and Michael Zhang. 2010. “@Spam: The Underground on 140 Characters or Less.” In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS ‘10), 27–37. New York: ACM Press. dpi:10.1145/1866307.1866311.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, Neha, Anupama Aggarwal, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. 2014. “bit.ly/malicious: Deep Dive into Short URL Based E-Crime Detection.” In Proceedings of the 2014 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (ECrime), 14–24. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/ECRIME.2014.6963161.
   Google Scholar
• Hänska-Ahy, Maximillian T., and Roxanna Shapour. 2013. “Who’s Reporting the Protests? Converging Practices of Citizen Journalists and Two BBC World Service Newsrooms, from Iran’s Election Protests to the Arab Uprisings.” Journalism Studies 14 (1): 29–45. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.657908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht, Brent, and Monica Stephens. 2014. “A Tale of Cities: Urban Biases in Volunteered Geographic Information.” In Proceedings of the Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-14), 197–205. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM14/paper/view/8114.
   Google Scholar
• Hermida, Alfred. 2010. “Twittering the News: The Emergence of Ambient Journalism.” Journalism Practice 4 (3): 297–308. doi:10.1080/17512781003640703.
   Google Scholar
• Hermida, Alfred. 2012. “Tweets and Truth: Journalism as a Discipline of Collaborative Verification.” Journalism Practice 6 (5-6): 659–668. doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.667269.
   Google Scholar
• Hermida, Alfred. 2013. “#Journalism: Reconfiguring Journalism Research about Twitter, One Tweet at a Time.” Digital Journalism 1 (3): 295–313. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.808456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida, Alfred. 2014. #TellEveryone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: Doubleday Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Hermida, Alfred, Fred Fletcher, Darryl Korell, and Donna Logan. 2012. “Share, Like, Recommend: Decoding the Social Media News Consumer.” Journalism Studies 13 (5–6): 815–824. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.664430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirst, Martin. 2010. News 2.0: Can Journalism Survive the Internet? Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Holcomb, Jesse, Kim Gross, and Amy Mitchell. 2011. “How Mainstream Media Outlets Use Twitter: Content Analysis Shows an Evolving Relationship.” The Project for Excellence in Journalism, Pew Research Center, and the George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs. http://www.journalism.org/2011/11/14/how-mainstream-media-outlets-use-twitter/.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, Avery E., Mark Coddington, Seth C. Lewis, and Homero Gil De Zúñiga. 2015. “Reciprocity and the News: The Role of Personal and Social Media Reciprocity in News Creation and Consumption.” International Journal of Communication 9: 2526–2547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honeycutt, Courtenay, and Susan C. Herring. 2009. “Beyond Microblogging: Conversation and Collaboration via Twitter.” In Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-47), 1–10. Los Alamitos, California: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2009.602.
   Google Scholar
• Hornmoen, Harald, and Steen Steensen. 2014. “Dialogue as a Journalistic Ideal.” Journalism Studies 15 (5): 543–554. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2014.894358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, S. Mo, and Josh Pasek. 2015. “Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Twitter and Online News.” Mass Communication and Society 18 (5): 577–598. doi:10.1080/15205436.2015.1035397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Java, Akshay, Xiaodan Song, Tim Finin, and Belle Tseng. 2007. “Why We Twitter: Understanding Microblogging Usage and Communities.” In Proceedings of the 9th WebKDD and 1st SNA-KDD 2007 Workshop on Web Mining and Social Network Analysis (WebKDD/SNA-KDD ’07), 56–65. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1348549.1348556.
   Google Scholar
• Ju, Alice, Sun Ho Jeong, and Hsiang Iris Chyi. 2014. “Will Social Media save Newspapers? Examining the Effectiveness of Facebook and Twitter as News Platforms.” Journalism Practice 8 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/17512786.2013.794022.
   Google Scholar
• Kergl, Dennis, Robert Roedler, and Sebastian Seeber. 2014. “On the Endogenesis of Twitter’s Spritzer and Gardenhose Sample Streams.” In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2014), 357–364. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.1109/ASONAM.2014.6921610.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy, Balachander, Phillipa Gill, and Martin Arlitt. 2008. “A Few Chirps about Twitter.” In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Online Social Networks (WOSN ’08), 19–24. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1397735.1397741.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, Shamanth, Fred Morstatter, and Huan Liu. 2014. Twitter Data Analytics. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. New York: Springer New York. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4614-9372-3.10.1007/978-1-4614-9372-3
   Google Scholar
• Kwak, Haewoon, Changhyun Lee, Hosung Park, and Sue Moon. 2010. “What is Twitter, a Social Network or a News Media?” In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2010), 591–600. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1772690.1772751.
   Google Scholar
• Lasorsa, Dominic. 2012. “Transparency and Other Journalistic Norms on Twitter: The Role of Gender.” Journalism Studies 13 (3): 402–417. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.657909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasorsa, Dominic, Seth C. Lewis, and Avery E. Holton. 2012. “Normalizing Twitter: Journalism Practice in an Emerging Communication Space.” Journalism Studies 13 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2011.571825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, Regina G., Logan Molyneux, Mark Coddington, and Avery Holton. 2014. “Tweeting Conventions: Political Journalists’ Use of Twitter to Cover the 2012 Presidential Campaign.” Journalism Studies 15 (6): 789–806. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2013.836378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, Seth C. 2015. “Journalism in an Era of Big Data.” Digital Journalism 3 (3): 321–330. doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.976399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, Seth C., and Oscar Westlund. 2015. “Big Data and Journalism: Epistemology, Expertise, Economics, and Ethics.” Digital Journalism 3 (3): 447–466. doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.976418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Yabing, Chloe Kliman-Silver, and Alan Mislove. 2014. “The Tweets They Are a-Changin’: Evolution of Twitter Users and Behavior.” In Proceedings of the Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-14), 305–314. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM14/paper/view/8043.
   Google Scholar
• Lotan, Gilad, Erhardt Graeff, Mike Ananny, Devin Gaffney, Ian Pearce, and danah boyd. 2011. “The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions.” International Journal of Communication 5: 1375–1405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabweazara, Hayes Mawindi. 2014. “Introduction: ‘Digital Technologies and the Evolving African Newsroom’: Towards an African Digital Journalism Epistemology.” Digital Journalism 2 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.850195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggi, Federico, Alessandro Frossi, Stefano Zanero, Gianluca Stringhini, Brett Stone-Gross, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna. 2013. “Two Years of Short URLs Internet Measurement: Security Threats and Countermeasures.” In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW 2013), 861–872. New York: ACM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Malik, Momin M., Hemank Lamba, Constantine Nakos, and Jürgen Pfeffer. 2015. “Population Bias in Geotagged Tweets.” In Papers from the 2015 ICWSM Workshop on Standards and Practices in Large-Scale Social Media Research, 18–27. Palo Alto, California: AAAI Press. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM15/paper/view/10662.
   Google Scholar
• Mare, Admire. 2014. “New Media Technologies and Internal Newsroom Creativity in Mozambique: The Case of @Verdade.” Digital Journalism 2 (1): 12–28. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.850196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marwick, Alice E., and danah boyd. 2011. “I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the Imagined Audience.” New Media & Society 13 (1): 114–133. doi:10.1177/1461444810365313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matias, J. Nathan, Amy Johnson, Whitney Erin Boesel, Brian Keegan, Jacklyn Friedman, and Charlie DeTar. 2015. “Reporting, Reviewing, and Responding to Harassment on Twitter: Women, Action, and the Media.” Women Action Media. http://www.womenactionmedia.org/twitter-report/.
   Google Scholar
• McChesney, Robert W. 2012. “Farewell to Journalism? Time for a Rethinking.” Journalism Studies 13 (5-6): 682–694. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.679868.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. 1972. “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (2): 176–185. doi:10.1086/267990.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mislove, Alan, Sune Lehmann, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, and J. Niels Rosenquist. 2011. “Understanding the Demographics of Twitter Users.” In Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-11), 554–557. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/view/2816.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Amy, and Paul Hitlin. 2013. “Twitter Reaction to Events Often at Odds with Overall Public Opinion.” Pew Research Center. http://www.pewresearch.org/2013/03/04/twitter-reaction-to-events-often-at-odds-with-overall-public-opinion/.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Amy, Jeffrey Gottfried, and Katerina Eva Matsa. 2015. “Millennials and Political News: Social Media—The Local TV for the Next Generation?” Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. http://www.journalism.org/2015/06/01/millennials-political-news/.
   Google Scholar
• Morstatter, Fred, Jürgen Pfeffer, Huan Liu, and Kathleen M. Carley. 2013. “Is the Sample Good Enough? Comparing Data from Twitter’s Streaming API with Twitter’s Firehose.” In Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-13), 400–408. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM13/paper/view/6071.
   Google Scholar
• Morstatter, Fred, Jürgen Pfeffer, and Huan Liu. 2014. “When is It Biased?: Assessing the Representativeness of Twitter’s Streaming API.” In Companion to the Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW ’14 Companion), 555–556. Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee. doi:10.1145/2567948.2576952.
   Google Scholar
• Morstatter, Fred, Jürgen Pfeffer, Katja Mayer, and Huan Liu. 2015. “Texts, Topics, and Turkers: A Consensus Measure for Statistical Topics.” In Proceedings of 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT ’15), 123–131. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2700171.2791028.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis, and Kim Christian Schrøder. 2014. “The Relative Importance of Social Media for Accessing, Finding, and Engaging with News: An Eight-Country Cross-Media Comparison.” Digital Journalism 2 (4): 472–489. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.872420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasie, Sylvain. 2015. “Data-Driven Revelation? Epistemological Tensions in Investigative Journalism in the Age of ‘Big Data’.” Digital Journalism 3 (3): 364–380. doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.976408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard, Robert G. 2014. “Twilight or New Dawn of Journalism? Evidence from the Changing News Ecosystem.” Journalism Practice 8 (5): 488–498. doi:10.1080/17512786.2014.905338.
   Google Scholar
• Poblete, Barbara, Ruth Garcia, Marcelo Mendoza, and Alejandro Jaimes. 2011. “Do All Birds Tweet the Same? Characterizing Twitter around the World.” In Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2011), 1025–1030. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2063576.2063724.
   Google Scholar
• Revers, Matthias. 2014. “The Twitterization of News Making: Transparency and Journalistic Professionalism.” Journal of Communication 64 (5): 806–826. doi:10.1111/jcom.12111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, Richard. 2013. “Foreword: Debanalising Twitter: The Transformation of an Object of Study.” In Twitter and Society, edited by Katrin Weller, Axel Bruns, Jean Burgess, Merja Mahrt, and Cornelius Puschmann, ix–xxvi. Digital Formations. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Ruths, Derek, and Jürgen Pfeffer. 2014. “Social Media for Large Studies of Behavior.” Science 346 (6213): 1063–1064. doi:10.1126/science.346.6213.1063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, Benjamin M. 2013. “Words Alone: Dismantling Topic Models in the Humanities.” Journal of Digital Humanities 2 (1). http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org/2-1/words-alone-by-benjamin-m-schmidt/.
   Google Scholar
• Skogerbø, Eli, and Arne H. Krumsvik. 2015. “Newspapers, Facebook and Twitter: Intermedial Agenda Setting in Local Election Campaigns.” Journalism Practice 9 (3): 350–366. doi:10.1080/17512786.2014.950471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, Kurt, Chris Grier, Dawn Song, and Vern Paxson. 2011. “Suspended Accounts in Retrospect: An Analysis of Twitter Spam.” In Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference (ICM ’11), 243–258. New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/2068816.2068840.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, Kurt, Damon McCoy, Chris Grier, Alek Kolcz, and Vern Paxson. 2013. “Trafficking Fraudulent Accounts: The Role of the Underground Market in Twitter Spam and Abuse.” In Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX Conference on Security (SEC ’13), 195–210. Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2534766.2534784.
   Google Scholar
• Thurman, Neil, and Anna Walters. 2013. “Live Blogging—Digital Journalism’s Pivotal Platform? A Case Study of the Production, Consumption, and Form of Live Blogs at Guardian.co.uk.” Digital Journalism 1 (1): 82–101. doi:10.1080/21670811.2012.714935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tufekci, Zeynep. 2014. “Big Questions for Social Media Big Data: Representativeness, Validity and Other Methodological Pitfalls.” In Proceedings of the Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM-14), 505–514. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM14/paper/view/8062.
   Google Scholar
• Vasterman, P. L. M. 2005. “Media-Hype: Self-Reinforcing News Waves, Journalistic Standards and the Construction of Social Problems.” European Journal of Communication 20 (4): 508–530. doi:10.1177/0267323105058254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verweij, Peter, and Elvira van Noort. 2014. “Journalists’ Twitter Networks, Public Debates and Relationships in South Africa.” Digital Journalism 2 (1): 98–114. doi:10.1080/21670811.2013.850573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vis, Farida. 2013. “Twitter as a Reporting Tool for Breaking News: Journalists Tweeting the 2011 UK Riots.” Digital Journalism 1 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1080/21670811.2012.741316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, De, Shamkant B. Navathe, Ling Liu, Danesh Irani, Acar Tamersoy, and Calton Pu. 2013. Click Traffic Analysis of Short URL Spam on Twitter (Invited Paper). In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom 2013), 250–259. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2013.254084.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Shirley A., Melissa M. Terras, and Claire Warwick. 2013. “What Do People Study When They Study Twitter? Classifying Twitter Related Academic Papers.” Journal of Documentation 69 (3): 384–410. doi:10.1108/JD-03-2012-0027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, Mary Lynn, and Alfred Hermida. 2015. “From Mr. and Mrs. Outlier to Central Tendencies: Computational Journalism and Crime Reporting at the Los Angeles times.” Digital Journalism 3 (3): 381–397. doi:10.1080/21670811.2014.976409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Xiaojin, R. Bryan Gibson, and T. Timothy Rogers. 2009. “Human Rademacher Complexity.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22, edited by Y. Bengio, D. Schuurmans, J. D. Lafferty, C. K. I. Williams, and A. Culotta, 2322–2330. Curran Associates, Inc. http://papers.nips.cc/paper/3771-human-rademacher-complexity.pdf.
   Google Scholar