Cascading Activation Revisited: How Audiences Contribute to News Agendas Using Social Media

References

• Allen, William, and Scott Blinder. 2018. “Media Independence through Routine Press-State Relations: Immigration and Government Statistics in the British Press.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23 (2): 202–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althaus, Scott L., Jill A. Edy, Robert M. Entman, and Patricia Phalen. 1996. “Revising the Indexing Hypothesis: Officials, Media, and the Libya Crisis.” Political Communication 13 (4): 407–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruguete, Natalia, and Ernesto Calvo. 2018. “Time to #Protest: Selective Exposure, Cascading Activation, and Framing in Social Media.” Journal of Communication 68 (3): 480–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. Lance. 1990. “Toward a Theory of Press-State Relations in the United States.” Journal of Communication 40 (2): 103–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. Lance, Regina G. Lawrence, and Steven Livingston. 2006. “None Dare Call It Torture: Indexing and the Limits of Press Independence in the Abu Ghraib Scandal.” Journal of Communication 56 (3): 467–485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blinder, Scott, and William Allen. 2016. “Constructing Immigrants: Portrayals of Migrant Groups in British National Newspapers, 2010-2012.” International Migration Review 50 (1): 3–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boydstun, Amber. 2013. Making the News: Politics, the Media and Agenda Setting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boynton, G. R., and Glenn W. Richardson. Jr. 2016. “Agenda Setting in the Twenty-First Century.” New Media & Society 18 (9): 1916–1934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosius, Hans-Bernard, and Gabriel Weimann. 1996. “Who Sets the Agenda: Agenda-Setting as a Two-Step Flow.” Communication Research 23 (5): 561–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, Bethany A., Kate Kenski, and Di Wang. 2015. “The Rise of Twitter in the Political Campaign: Searching for Intermedia Agenda-Setting Effects in the Presidential Primary.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20 (4): 363–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushion, Stephen, Allaina Kilby, Richard Thomas, Marina Morani, and Richard Sambrook. 2018. “Newspapers, Impartiality and Television News.” Journalism Studies 19 (2): 162–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy, Melissa. 2016. “Refugee’s Arrest Turns a Crime Into National News (and Debate) in Germany.” The New York Times, December 9, 2016, sec. World. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/world/europe/refugees-arrest-turns-a-crime-into-national-news-and-debate-in-germany.html.
   Google Scholar
• Entman, Robert M. 2003. “Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame after 9/11.” Political Communication 20 (4): 415–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, Robert M., and Nikki Usher. 2018. “Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation.” Journal of Communication 68 (2): 298–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forschungsgruppe Wahlen. 2020. “Forschungsgruppe Wahlen: Politbarometer.” March 27, 2020. http://www.forschungsgruppe.de/Umfragen/Politbarometer/Langzeitentwicklung_-_Themen_im_Ueberblick/Politik_II/#Probl1.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, Arno. 2016. “Getötete Studentin: Warum Die ‘Tagesschau’ Nun Doch Über Den Mord in Freiburg Berichtet.” Spiegel Online, December 6, 2016, sec. Kultur. https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/tv/getoetete-studentin-maria-l-in-freiburg-warum-die-ard-nun-doch-ueber-den-mord-berichtet-a-1124574.html.
   Google Scholar
• Gadarian, Shana Kushner, and Bethany Albertson. 2014. “Anxiety, Immigration, and the Search for Information.” Political Psychology 35 (2): 133–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiou, Myria, and Rafal Zaborowski. 2017. “Media Coverage of the ‘Refugee Crisis’: A Cross-European Perspective.” Council of Europe Report DG1 (2017)03. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/faad/73c547dbfdfa951085055d9690fe0acbf322.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gerhards, Jürgen, Silke Hans, and Jürgen Schupp. 2016. “German Public Opinion on Admitting Refugees.” Deutsches Institut Für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) Economic Bulletin 6 (21): 243–249.
   Google Scholar
• Greussing, Esther, and Hajo G. Boomgaarden. 2017. “Shifting the Refugee Narrative? An Automated Frame Analysis of Europe’s 2015 Refugee Crisis.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (11): 1749–1774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Lei, and Chris J. Vargo. 2017. “Global Intermedia Agenda Setting: A Big Data Analysis of International News Flow.” Journal of Communication 67 (4): 499–520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, Allan. 2016. “Pictured: The Migrant Who ‘Raped and Murdered’ German Teen.” Mail Online, December 6, 2016. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/∼/article-4004480/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hanfeld, Michael. 2016. “Tagesschau Berichtet Nicht Über Ermordete Studentin in Freiburg.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, December 5, 2016. https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/medien/tagesschau-berichtet-nicht-ueber-ermordete-studentin-in-freiburg-14560129.html.
   Google Scholar
• Heise, Nele, Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer, and Jan-Hinrik Schmidt. 2014. “Including the Audience: Comparing the Attitudes and Expectations of Journalists and Users towards Participation in German TV News.” Journalism Studies 15 (4): 411–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, Sara B. 2016. “The Brexit Vote: A Divided Nation, a Divided Continent.” Journal of European Public Policy 23 (9): 1259–1277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzberg, Billy, Kristina Kolbe, and Rafal Zaborowski. 2018. “Figures of Crisis: The Delineation of (Un)Deserving Refugees in the German Media.” Sociology 52 (3): 534–550.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Eun-Ju, and Edson C. Tandoc. Jr. 2017. “When News Meets the Audience: How Audience Feedback Online Affects News Production and Consumption.” Human Communication Research 43 (4): 436–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebe, Ulf, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Maarten Kroesen, Caspar Chorus, and Klaus Glenk. 2018. “From Welcome Culture to Welcome Limits? Uncovering Preference Changes over Time for Sheltering Refugees in Germany.” Plos One 13 (8): e0199923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, Steven, and W. Lance Bennett. 2003. “Gatekeeping, Indexing, and Live-Event News: Is Technology Altering the Construction of News?” Political Communication 20 (4): 363–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loosen, Wiebke, and Jan-Hinrik Schmidt. 2012. “(Re-)Discovering the Audience.” Information, Communication & Society 15 (6): 867–887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier, Jens. 2016. “Kein Wort Zu Freiburg: So Macht’s Die ‘Tagesschau’ Den Lügenpresse-Hetzern Recht | STERN.De.” Stern, December 4, 2016. https://www.stern.de/kultur/tv/kein-wort-zu-freiburg--so-macht-s-die--tagesschau--den-luegenpresse-hetzern-recht-7224360.html.
   Google Scholar
• Marres, Noortje, and Esther Weltevrede. 2013. “Scraping the Social?” Journal of Cultural Economy 6 (3): 313–335.
   Google Scholar
• McLaren, Lauren M., Hajo Boomgaarden, and Rens Vliegenthart. 2018. “News Coverage and Public Concern about Immigration in Britain.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 30 (2): 173–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulherin, Peter E., and Benjamin Isakhan. 2019. “State–Media Consensus on Going to War? Australian Newspapers, Political Elites, and Fighting the Islamic State.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 24 (4): 531–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman, W. Russell, Lauren Guggenheim, S. Mo Jang, and Soo Young Bae. 2014. “The Dynamics of Public Attention: Agenda-Setting Theory Meets Big Data.” Journal of Communication 64 (2): 193–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, Craig T. Robertson, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2021. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-06/Digital_News_Report_2021_FINAL.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, David A. L. Levy, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2016. “Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2016.” Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Digital-News-Report-2016.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor, Cliodhna, and Helene Joffe. 2020. “Intercoder Reliability in Qualitative Research: Debates and Practical Guidelines.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19: 160940691989922.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, Chris, and Tamara Witschge. 2015. “From Grand Narratives of Democracy to Small Expectations of Participation.” Journalism Practice 9 (1): 19–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieder, Bernhard, Rasha Abdulla, Thomas Poell, Robbert Woltering, and Liesbeth Zack. 2015. “Data Critique and Analytical Opportunities for Very Large Facebook Pages: Lessons Learned from Exploring ‘We Are All Khaled Said.” Big Data & Society 2 (2): 205395171561498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph, Thomas. 2021. “Populist Anger, Donald Trump, and the 2016 Election.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 31 (1): 33–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scally, Derek. 2016. “Young Woman’s Killing in Germany Stokes Row about Refugee Policy.” The Irish Times, December 5, 2016. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/young-woman-s-killing-in-germany-stokes-row-about-refugee-policy-1.2893708.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz, Wolfgang, Thorsten Held, Stephan Dreyer, and Thilo Wind. 2008. “Regulation of Broadcasting and Internet Services in Germany: A Brief Overview.” 13. Arbeitspapiere Des Hans-Bredow-Instituts. Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, Jane B. 2014. “User-Generated Visibility: Secondary Gatekeeping in a Shared Media Space.” New Media & Society 16 (1): 55–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogerbø, Eli, and Arne H. Krumsvik. 2015. “Newspapers, Facebook and Twitter.” Journalism Practice 9 (3): 350–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, Miriam, Melanie Magin, and Birgit Stark. 2019. “Uneasy Bedfellows: Comparing the Diversity of German Public Service News on Television and on Facebook.” Digital Journalism 7 (1): 100–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagesschau. 2016a. “Sendung: Tagesschau 05.12.2016 20:00 Uhr.” 2016. https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/sendung/ts-17275.html.
   Google Scholar
• Tagesschau. 2016b. “Im Fall Der Toten Freiburger Studentin Hat Die Polizei Einen 17-Jährigen Festgenommen.” December 3, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/tagesschau/posts/10154820003414407.
   Google Scholar
• Tagesschau. 2019. “#kurzerklärt: Was Berichtet Die Tagesschau - Und Was Nicht?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUur3brG7LE.
   Google Scholar
• Tagesschau. 2021. “Tagesschau.” 2021. https://www.youtube.com/user/tagesschau.
   Google Scholar
• Vollmer, Bastian, and Serhat Karakayali. 2018. “The Volatility of the Discourse on Refugees in Germany.” Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 16 (1-2): 118–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, Julian. 2018. “Modelling Contemporary Gatekeeping.” Digital Journalism 6 (3): 274–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welt. 2016. “20-Uhr-Nachrichten: „Tagesschau“ Ließ Freiburg-Meldung Weg.” Welt, December 4, 2016. https://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article159963535/Darum-liess-die-Tagesschau-die-Freiburg-Meldung-weg.html.
   Google Scholar
• Welt. 2018. “‘Tagesschau on Tour’ in Köthen.” December 6, 2018. https://www.welt.de/regionales/sachsen-anhalt/article185113664/Tagesschau-on-Tour-in-Koethen.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wintterlin, Florian, Tim Schatto-Eckrodt, Lena Frischlich, Svenja Boberg, and Thorsten Quandt. 2020. “How to Cope with Dark Participation: Moderation Practices in German Newsrooms.” Digital Journalism 8 (7): 904–924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegele, Marc, Nina Springer, Pablo Jost, and Scott Wright. 2017. “Online User Comments across News and Other Content Formats: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, New Directions.” Studies in Communication and Media 6: 315–332.
   Google Scholar
• Zimmer, Michael. 2010. “But the Data is Already Public’: On the Ethics of Research in Facebook.” Ethics and Information Technology 12 (4): 313–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar