6,778
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Fact-Checking and Audience Engagement: A Study of Content Analysis and Audience Behavioral Data of Fact-Checking Coverage from News Media

ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all

References

  • Aldous, Kholoud Khalil, Jisun An, and Bernard J. Jansen. 2019. “View, like, Comment, Post: Analyzing User Engagement by Topic at 4 Levels across 5 Social Media Platforms for 53 Ne ws Organizations.” Proceedings of the 13th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Münich, Germany, June 11–14, 47–57.
  • Amazeen, Michelle A. 2020. “Journalistic Interventions: The Structural Factors Affecting the Global Emergence of Fact-Checking.” Journalism 21 (1): 95–111.
  • Berger, Jonah. 2014. “Word of Mouth and Interpersonal Communication: A Review and Directions for Future Research.” Journal of Consumer Psychology 24 (4): 586–607.
  • Bigsby, Elisabeth, Cabral A. Bigman, and Andrea Martinez Gonzalez. 2019. “Exemplification Theory: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Exemplar Messages.” Annals of the International Communication Association 43 (4): 273–296.
  • Blondé, Jérôme, and Fabien Girandola. 2016. “Revealing the Elusive Effects of Vividness: A Meta-Analysis of Empirical Evidences Assessing the Effect of Vividness on Persuasion.” Social Influence 11 (2): 111–129.
  • Brandtzaeg, Petter Bae, Asbjørn Følstad, and María Ángeles Chaparro Domínguez. 2018. “How Journalists and Social Media Users Perceive Online Fact-Checking and Verification Services.” Journalism Practice 12 (9): 1109–1129.
  • Bright, Jonathan. 2016. “The Social News Gap: How News Reading and News Sharing Diverge.” Journal of Communication 66 (3): 343–365.
  • Broersma, Marcel. 2019. “Audience Engagement.” In The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies, edited by Tim P. Vos and Folker Hanusch, 1–6. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Cappella, Joseph N., Hyun Suk Kim, and Dolores Albarracín. 2015. “Selection and Transmission Processes for Information in the Emerging Media Environment: Psychological Motives and Message Characteristics.” Media Psychology 18 (3): 396–424.
  • Chung, Jae Eun. 2017. “Retweeting in Health Promotion: Analysis of Tweets about Breast Cancer Awareness Month.” Computers in Human Behavior 74: 112–119.
  • Curry, Alexander L., and Natalie Jomini Stroud. 2021. “The Effects of Journalistic Transparency on Credibility Assessments and Engagement Intentions.” Journalism 22 (4): 901–918.
  • Frey, Kurt P., and Alice H. Eagly. 1993. “Vividness Can Undermine the Persuasiveness of Messages.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1): 32–44.
  • Gans, Herbert J. 1979. Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.
  • Gerbaudo, Paolo, Federico Marogna, and Chiara Alzetta. 2019. “When “Positive Posting” Attracts Voters: User Engagement and Emotions in the 2017 UK Election Campaign on Facebook.” Social Media + Society 5 (4): 2056305119881695.
  • Graves, Lucas. 2016. Deciding What’s True: The Rise of Political Fact-Checking in American Journalism. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Graves, Lucas. 2017. “Anatomy of a Fact Check: Objective Practice and the Contested Epistemology of Fact Checking.” Communication, Culture and Critique 10 (3): 518–537.
  • Graves, Lucas. 2018. “Boundaries Not Drawn: Mapping the Institutional Roots of the Global Fact-Checking Movement.” Journalism Studies 19 (5): 613–631.
  • Graves, Lucas, and Michelle A. Amazeen. 2019. “Fact-Checking as Idea and Practice in Journalism.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication, edited by Jon F. Nussbaum. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.808.
  • Graves, Lucas, Brendan Nyhan, and Jason Reifler. 2016. “Understanding Innovations in Journalistic Practice: A Field Experiment Examining Motivations for Fact-Checking.” Journal of Communication 66 (1): 102–138.
  • Green, Melanie C. 2006. “Narratives and Cancer Communication.” Journal of Communication 56 (suppl_1): S163–S83.
  • Ha, Louisa, Ying Xu, Chen Yang, Fang Wang, Liu Yang, Mohammad Abuljadail, Xiao Hu, Weiwei Jiang, and Itay Gabay. 2018. “Decline in News Content Engagement or News Medium Engagement? A Longitudinal Analysis of News Engagement since the Rise of Social and Mobile Media 2009–2012.” Journalism 19 (5): 718–739.
  • Harcup, Tony, and Deirdre O'Neill. 2001. “What is News? Galtung and Ruge Revisited.” Journalism Studies 2 (2): 261–280.
  • Humphreys, Ashlee. 2016. Social Media: Enduring Principles. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Humprecht, Edda. 2020. “How Do They Debunk “Fake News”? A Cross-National Comparison of Transparency in Fact Checks.” Digital Journalism 8 (3): 310–327.
  • Humprecht, Edda, and Frank Esser. 2018. “Mapping Digital Journalism: Comparing 48 News Websites from Six Countries.” Journalism 19 (4): 500–518.
  • Jost, Pablo, Marcus Maurer, and Joerg Hassler. 2020. “Populism Fuels Love and Anger: The Impact of Message Features on Users’ Reactions on Facebook.” International Journal of Communication 14 (22): 2081–2102.
  • Katz, Elihu. 1992. “On Parenting a Paradigm: Gabriel Tarde's Agenda for Opinion and Communication Research.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 4 (1): 80–85.
  • Kim, Hyun Suk. 2015. “Attracting Views and Going Viral: How Message Features and News-Sharing Channels Affect Health News Diffusion.” The Journal of Communication 65 (3): 512–534.
  • Kim, Hyun Suk. 2021. “How Message Features and Social Endorsements Affect the Longevity of News Sharing.” Digital Journalism 9 (8): 1162–1183.
  • Kramer, Adam D. I., Jamie E. Guillory, and Jeffrey T. Hancock. 2014. “Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion through Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 (24): 8788–8790.
  • Krippendorff, Klaus. 2013. Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Larsson, Anders Olof. 2018. “Diversifying Likes.” Journalism Practice 12 (3): 326–343.
  • Lee, Eun-Ju, Hyun Suk Kim, and Jaeho Cho. 2017. “How User Comments Affect News Processing and Reality Perception: Activation and Refutation of Regional Prejudice.” Communication Monographs 84 (1): 75–93.
  • Liu, Jiangmeng, Cong Li, Yi Grace Ji, Michael North, and Fan Yang. 2017. “Like It or Not: The Fortune 500's Facebook Strategies to Generate Users' Electronic Word-of-Mouth.” Computers in Human Behavior 73: 605–613.
  • Masullo, Gina M., and Jiwon Kim. 2021. “Exploring “Angry” and “like” Reactions on Uncivil Facebook Comments That Correct Misinformation in the News.” Digital Journalism 9 (8): 1103–1120.
  • Napoli, Philip M. 2011. Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2020. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Oxford, UK: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
  • Nisbett, R. E., and L. Ross. 1980. Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • O'Keefe, Daniel J. 2002. “The Persuasive Effects of Variation in Standpoint Articulation.” In Advances in Pragma-Dialectics, edited by F. H. van Eemeren, 65–82. Amsterdam: Sic Sat.
  • Ophir, Yotam, Brennan Emily, Erin K. Maloney, and Joseph N. Cappella. 2019. “The Effects of Graphic Warning Labels' Vividness on Message Engagement and Intentions to Quit Smoking.” Communication Research 46 (5): 619–638.
  • Park, Chang Sup, and Barbara K. Kaye. 2021. “Applying News Values Theory to Liking, Commenting and Sharing Mainstream News Articles on Facebook.” Journalism. doi:10.1177/14648849211019895.
  • Peifer, Jason T., and Jared Meisinger. 2021. “The Value of Explaining the Process: How Journalistic Transparency and Perceptions of News Media Importance Can (Sometimes) Foster Message Credibility and Engagement Intentions.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 98 (3): 828–853.
  • Robertson, Craig T., Rachel R. Mourão, and Esther Thorson. 2020. “Who Uses Fact-Checking Sites? The Impact of Demographics, Political Antecedents, and Media Use on Fact-Checking Site Awareness, Attitudes, and Behavior.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 25 (2): 217–237.
  • Salgado, Susana, and Jesper Strömbäck. 2012. “Interpretive Journalism: A Review of Concepts, Operationalizations and Key Findings.” Journalism 13 (2): 144–161.
  • Singer, Jane B. 2021. “Border Patrol: The Rise and Role of Fact-Checkers and Their Challenge to Journalists’ Normative Boundaries.” Journalism 22 (8): 1929–1946.
  • Smith, Stephen M., and David R. Shaffer. 2000. “Vividness Can Undermine or Enhance Message Processing: The Moderating Role of Vividness Congruency.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 (7): 769–779.
  • Steensen, Steen, Raul Ferrer-Conill, and Chris Peters. 2020. “(Against a) Theory of Audience Engagement with News.” Journalism Studies 21 (12): 1662–1680.
  • Sumner, Erin M., Luisa Ruge-Jones, and Davis Alcorn. 2018. “A Functional Approach to the Facebook like Button: An Exploration of Meaning, Interpersonal Functionality, and Potential Alternative Response Buttons.” New Media & Society 20 (4): 1451–1469.
  • Tenenboim, Ori, and Akiba A. Cohen. 2015. “What Prompts Users to Click and Comment: A Longitudinal Study of Online News.” Journalism 16 (2): 198–217.
  • Trilling, Damian, Petro Tolochko, and Björn Burscher. 2017. “From Newsworthiness to Shareworthiness: How to Predict News Sharing Based on Article Characteristics.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94 (1): 38–60.
  • Tufekci, Zeynep. 2014. “Big Questions for Social Media Big Data: Representativeness, Validity and Other Methodological Pitfalls.” Proceedings of the 8th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Ann Arbor, MI, June 1–4, 505–514.
  • van der Wurff, Richard, and Klaus Schoenbach. 2014. “Civic and Citizen Demands of News Media and Journalists: What Does the Audience Expect from Good Journalism?” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 91 (3): 433–451.
  • van Dijk, Teun A. 1988. News as Discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Walter, Nathan, Jonathan Cohen, R. Lance Holbert, and Yasmin Morag. 2020. “Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom.” Political Communication 37 (3): 350–375.
  • Weber, Patrick. 2014. “Discussions in the Comments Section: Factors Influencing Participation and Interactivity in Online Newspapers’ Reader Comments.” New Media & Society 16 (6): 941–957.
  • Xu, Weiai Wayne, Yoonmo Sang, and Christopher Kim. 2020. “What Drives Hyper-Partisan News Sharing: Exploring the Role of Source, Style, and Content.” Digital Journalism 8 (4): 486–505.
  • Young, Dannagal G., Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Shannon Poulsen, and Abigail Goldring. 2018. “Fact-Checking Effectiveness as a Function of Format and Tone: Evaluating FactCheck.org and FlackCheck.org.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95 (1): 49–75.
  • Zillmann, Dolf, and Hans-Bernd Brosius. 2000. Exemplification in Communication: The Influence of Case Reports on the Perception of Issues. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.