References
- Logroscino G, EURALS, Traynor BJ, Hardiman O, Chio A, Mitchell D, Swingler RJ, et al. Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Europe. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:385–90.
- Al-Chalabi A, Fang F, Hanby MF, Leigh PN, Shaw CE, Ye W, et al. An estimate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis heritability using twin data. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:1324–6.
- Al-Chalabi A, Hardiman O. The epidemiology of ALS: a conspiracy of genes, environment and time. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9:617–28.
- Dion PA, Daoud H, Rouleau GA. Genetics of motor neuron disorders: new insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Genet. 2009;10:769–82.
- Ajroud-Driss S, Siddique T. Sporadic and hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1852:679–84.
- Zhang ZX, Anderson DW, Mantel N, Roman GC. Motor neuron disease on Guam: temporal occurrence, 1941-85. Acta Neurol Scand. 1995;92:299–307.
- Factor-Litvak P, Al-Chalabi A, Ascherio A, Bradley W, Chio A, Garruto R, et al. Current pathways for epidemiological research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2013;14 Suppl 1: 33–43.
- del Aguila MA, Longstreth WT, Jr., McGuire V, Koepsell TD, van Belle G. Prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study. Neurology 2003;60:813–9.
- Chio A, Eurals Consortium, Logroscino G, Hardiman O, Swingler R, Mitchell D, Beghi E, et al. Prognostic factors in ALS: A critical review. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10:310–23.
- Cudkowicz ME, McKenna-Yasek D, Sapp PE, Chin W, Geller B, Hayden DL, et al. Epidemiology of mutations in superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1997;41:210–21.
- Bali T, Self W, Liu J, Siddique T, Wang LH, Bird TD, et al. Defining SOD1 ALS natural history to guide therapeutic clinical trial design. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017;88:99–105.
- Benatar M, Wuu J, Andersen PM, Atassi N, David W, Cudkowicz M, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of arimoclomol in rapidly progressive SOD1 ALS. Neurology 2018;90:e565–e74.
- Wang MD, Little J, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Krewski D. Identification of risk factors associated with onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotoxicology 2017;61:101–30.
- Bressler J, Kim KA, Chakraborti T, Goldstein G. Molecular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res. 1999;24:595–600.
- Garza A, Vega R, Soto E. Cellular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12:RA57–65.
- Lidsky TI, Schneider JS. Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain. 2003;126:5–19.
- Ding F, Dokholyan NV. Dynamical roles of metal ions and the disulfide bond in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase folding and aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:19696–701.
- Vonk WI, Klomp LW. Role of transition metals in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans. 2008;36:1322–8.
- Fang F, Peters TL, Beard JD, Umbach DM, Keller J, Mariosa D, et al. Blood Lead, Bone Turnover, and Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186:1057–64.
- Kamel F, Umbach DM, Stallone L, Richards M, Hu H, Sandler DP. Association of lead exposure with survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116:943–7.
- Weisskopf MG, Webster TF. Trade-offs of personal vs. more proxy exposure measures in environmental epidemiology. Epidemiology 2017;28:635–43.
- CReATe > Home. [Available from: https://www.rarediseasesnetwork.org/cms/create.
- Cocco P, Dosemeci M, Heineman EF. Brain cancer and occupational exposure to lead. J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40:937–42.
- Beard JD, Engel LS, Richardson DB, Gammon MD, Baird C, Umbach DM, et al. Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0185751.
- Beard JD, Kamel F. Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etiology and survival. Epidemiol Rev. 2015;37:55–70.
- Silbergeld EK, Sauk J, Somerman M, Todd A, McNeill F, Fowler B, et al. Lead in bone: storage site, exposure source, and target organ. Neurotoxicology 1993;14:225–36.