References
- Moreau P, Richardson PG, Cavo M, et al. Proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma: 10 years later. Blood. 2012 Aug 2;120(5):947–959.
- Rajkumar SV, Richardson PG, Hideshima T, et al. Proteasome inhibition as a novel therapeutic target in human cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jan 20;23(3):630–639.
- Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, et al. A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2609–2617.
- Kortuem KM, Stewart AK. Carfilzomib. Blood. 2013 Feb 7;121(6):893–897.
- Richardson PG, Briemberg H, Jagannath S, et al. Frequency, characteristics, and reversibility of peripheral neuropathy during treatment of advanced multiple myeloma with bortezomib. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 1;24(19):3113–3120.
- Muchtar E, Gertz MA, Magen H. A practical review on carfilzomib in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 2016 Jun;96(6):564–577.
- Meng L, Mohan R, Kwok BH, et al. Epoxomicin, a potent and selective proteasome inhibitor, exhibits in vivo antiinflammatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999 Aug 31;96(18):10403–10408.
- Adams J. The proteasome: structure, function, and role in the cell. Cancer Treat Rev. 2003 May;29(Suppl 1):3–9.
- Ciechanover A. The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. Cell. 1994 Oct 7;79(1):13–21.
- Obeng EA, Carlson LM, Gutman DM, et al. Proteasome inhibitors induce a terminal unfolded protein response in multiple myeloma cells. Blood. 2006 Jun 15;107(12):4907–4916.
- Adams J. The proteasome: a suitable antineoplastic target. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 May;4(5):349–360.
- Kuhn DJ, Chen Q, Voorhees PM, et al. Potent activity of carfilzomib, a novel, irreversible inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, against preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Blood. 2007 Nov 1;110(9):3281–3290.
- Kuhn DJ, Hunsucker SA, Chen Q, et al. Targeted inhibition of the immunoproteasome is a potent strategy against models of multiple myeloma that overcomes resistance to conventional drugs and nonspecific proteasome inhibitors. Blood. 2009 May 7;113(19):4667–4676.
- Kuhn DJ, Orlowski RZ, Bjorklund CC. Second generation proteasome inhibitors: carfilzomib and immunoproteasome-specific inhibitors (IPSIs). Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011 Mar;11(3):285–295.
- Ruckrich T, Kraus M, Gogel J, et al. Characterization of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in bortezomib-adapted cells. Leukemia. 2009 Jun;23(6):1098–1105.
- Oerlemans R, Franke NE, Assaraf YG, et al. Molecular basis of bortezomib resistance: proteasome subunit beta5 (PSMB5) gene mutation and overexpression of PSMB5 protein. Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2489–2499.
- Gutman D, Morales AA, Boise LH. Acquisition of a multidrug-resistant phenotype with a proteasome inhibitor in multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2009 Nov;23(11):2181–2183.
- Accardi F, Toscani D, Bolzoni M, et al. Mechanism of action of bortezomib and the new proteasome inhibitors on myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment: impact on myeloma-induced alterations of bone remodeling. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:172458.
- Demo SD, Kirk CJ, Aujay MA, et al. Antitumor activity of PR-171, a novel irreversible inhibitor of the proteasome. Cancer Res. 2007 Jul 1;67(13):6383–6391.
- Wang Z, Yang J, Kirk C, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and drug-drug interaction of carfilzomib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Jan;41(1):230–237.
- Alsina M, Trudel S, Furman RR, et al. A phase I single-agent study of twice-weekly consecutive-day dosing of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma or lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 1;18(17):4830–4840.
- Lee SJ, Levitsky K, Parlati F, et al. Clinical activity of carfilzomib correlates with inhibition of multiple proteasome subunits: application of a novel pharmacodynamic assay. Br J Haematol. 2016;173(6):884–895.
- Squifflet P, Michiels S, Siegel D, et al. Relationship between carfilzomib dose and efficacy outcomes in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2015 Nov;15(11):680–686.
- Stewart AK, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 8;372(2):142–152.
- Dimopoulos MA, Moreau P, Palumbo A, et al. Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jan;17(1):27–38.
- O’Connor OA, Stewart AK, Vallone M, et al. A phase 1 dose escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of the novel proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (PR-171) in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Nov 15;15(22):7085–7091.
- Siegel DS, Martin T, Wang M, et al. A phase 2 study of single-agent carfilzomib (PX-171-003-A1) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2012 Oct 4;120(14):2817–2825.
- Jagannath S, Vij R, Stewart AK, et al. An open-label single-arm pilot phase II study (PX-171-003-A0) of low-dose, single-agent carfilzomib in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2012 Oct;12(5):310–318.
- Vij R, Wang M, Kaufman JL, et al. An open-label, single-arm, phase 2 (PX-171-004) study of single-agent carfilzomib in bortezomib-naive patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2012 Jun 14;119(24):5661–5670.
- Wang M, Martin T, Bensinger W, et al. Phase 2 dose-expansion study (PX-171-006) of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed or progressive multiple myeloma. Blood. 2013 Oct 31;122(18):3122–3128.
- Bringhen S, Petrucci MT, Larocca A, et al. Carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a multicenter, phase 2 study. Blood. 2014 Jul 3;124(1):63–69.
- Moreau P, Kolb B, Attal M, et al. Phase 1/2 study of carfilzomib plus melphalan and prednisone in patients aged over 65 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015 May 14;125(20):3100–3104.
- Mikhael JR, Reeder CB, Libby EN, et al. Phase Ib/II trial of CYKLONE (cyclophosphamide, carfilzomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone) for newly diagnosed myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2015 Apr;169(2):219–227.
- Korde N, Roschewski M, Zingone A, et al. Treatment with carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone with lenalidomide extension in patients with smoldering or newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. JAMA Oncol. 2015 Sep;1(6):746–754.
- Siegel D, Martin T, Nooka A, et al. Integrated safety profile of single-agent carfilzomib: experience from 526 patients enrolled in 4 phase II clinical studies. Haematologica. 2013 Nov;98(11):1753–1761.
- Li YF, Wang X. The role of the proteasome in heart disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Feb;1809(2):141–149.
- Enrico O, Gabriele B, Nadia C, et al. Unexpected cardiotoxicity in haematological bortezomib treated patients. Br J Haematol. 2007 Aug;138(3):396–397.
- Rosenthal A, Luthi J, Belohlavek M, et al. Carfilzomib and the cardiorenal system in myeloma: an endothelial effect? Blood Cancer J. 2016;6:e384.
- Atrash S, Tullos A, Panozzo S, et al. Cardiac complications in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with carfilzomib. Blood Cancer J. 2015;5:e272.
- Berenson JR, Cartmell A, Bessudo A, et al. CHAMPION-1: a phase 1/2 study of once-weekly carfilzomib and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2016 Jun 30;127(26):3360–3368.
- Danhof S, Schreder M, Rasche L, et al. ‘Real-life’ experience of preapproval carfilzomib-based therapy in myeloma - analysis of cardiac toxicity and predisposing factors. Eur J Haematol. 2015;97(1):25–32.
- Delforge M, Blade J, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: the challenge continues. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1086–1095.
- Cai X, Bhattacharyya S, Plitt A, et al. Management of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome induced by carfilzomib in a patient with multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Jan 10;34(2):e1–e5.
- Palumbo A, Gay F, Cavallo F, et al. Continuous therapy versus fixed duration of therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct 20;33(30):3459–3466.
- Berenson JR, Hilger JD, Yellin O, et al. Replacement of bortezomib with carfilzomib for multiple myeloma patients progressing from bortezomib combination therapy. Leukemia. 2014 Jul;28(7):1529–1536.
- Muchtar E, Gatt ME, Rouvio O, et al. Efficacy and safety of salvage therapy using carfilzomib for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients: a multicentre retrospective observational study. Br J Haematol. 2016 Jan;172(1):89–96.
- Kumar SK, Lee JH, Lahuerta JJ, et al. Risk of progression and survival in multiple myeloma relapsing after therapy with IMiDs and bortezomib: a multicenter international myeloma working group study. Leukemia. 2012 Jan;26(1):149–157.