References
- Micheo W, Baerga L, Miranda G. Basic principles regarding strength, flexibility, and stability exercises. PM&R. 2012;4:805–811.
- Chen CH, Nosaka K, Chen HL, et al. Effects of flexibility training on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:491–500.
- Chumanov ES, Heiderscheit BC, Thelen DG. Hamstring musculotendon dynamics during stance and swing phases of high-speed running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:525–532.
- Witvrouw E, Danneels L, Asselman P, et al. Muscle flexibility as a risk factor for developing muscle injuries in male professional soccer players. A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:41–46.
- Marshall PWM, Cashman A, Cheema BS. A randomized controlled trial for the effect of passive stretching on measures of hamstring extensibility, passive stiffness, strength, and stretch tolerance. J Sci Med Sport. 2011;14:535–540.
- Rancour J, Holmes C, Cipriani D. The effects of intermittent stretching following a 4-week static stretching protocol: a randomized trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:2217–2222.
- De Baranda PS, Ayala F. Chronic flexibility improvement after 12 week of stretching program utilizing the ACSM recommendations: Hamstring flexibility. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31:389–396.
- Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M. The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther. 1997;77:1090–1096.
- Ford P, Mcchesney J. Duration of maintained hamstring ROM following termination of three stretching protocols. J Sport Rehabil. 2007;16:18–27.
- Lim K-I, Nam H-C, Jung K-S. Effects on hamstring muscle extensibility, muscle activity, and balance of different stretching techniques. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26:209–213.
- Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7:109–119.
- Behm DG, Blazevich AJ, Kay AD, et al. Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41:1–11.
- Bandy WD, Irion JM. The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther. 1994;74:845–852.
- Sharman MJ, Cresswell AG, Riek S. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching: mechanisms and clinical implications. Sports Med. 2006;36:929–939.
- Yuktasir B, Kaya F. Investigation into the long-term effects of static and PNF stretching exercises on range of motion and jump performance. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009;13:11–21.
- Chen CH, Chen TC, Chen HL, et al. Effects of 8-week static stretch and PNF training on the angle-torque relationship. J Med Biol Eng 2009;29:196–201.
- Medeiros DM, Cini A, Sbruzzi G, Lima CS. Influence of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiother Theory Pract. 2016;32:438–445.
- Hindle KB, Whitcomb TJ, Briggs WO, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): its mechanisms and effects on range of motion and muscular function. J Hum Kinet. 2012;31:105–113.
- Miyahara Y, Naito H, Ogura Y, et al. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27:195–201.
- Wicke J, Gainey K, Figueroa M. A comparison of self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to static stretching on range of motion and flexibility. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28:168–172.
- Yıldırım MS, Ozyurek S, Tosun O, et al. Comparison of effects of static, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Mulligan stretching on hip flexion range of motion: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Sport. 2016;33:89–94.
- López-Bedoya J, Vernetta-Santana M, Robles-Fuentes A, et al. Effect of three types of flexibility training on active and passive hip range of motion. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53:304–311.
- Minshull C, Eston R, Bailey A, et al. The differential effects of PNF versus passive stretch conditioning on neuromuscular performance. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14:233–241.
- Maddigan ME, Peach AA, Behm DG. A comparison of assisted and unassisted proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques and static stretching. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:1238–1244.
- Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, et al. Mechanical and physiological responses to stretching with and without preisometric contraction in human skeletal muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:373–378.
- Robinson KA, Dickersin K. Development of a highly sensitive search strategy for the retrieval of reports of controlled trials using PubMed. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:150–153.
- Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. Available from: http://handbook.cochrane.org
- Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557–560.
- Gribble PA, Guskiewicz KM, Prentice WE, et al. Effects of static and hold-relax stretching on hamstring range of motion using the FlexAbility LE1000. J Sport Rehabil. 1999;8:195–208.
- Miyahara Y, Naito H, Ogura Y, et al. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction. J Strength Cond Res 2013;27:195–201.
- Mallmann JS, Moesch J, Tomé F, et al. Comparação entre o efeito imediato e agudo de três protocolos de alongamento dos músculos isquiotibiais e paravertebrais [Comparison between the immediate and acute effect of three stretching protocols of hamstrings and paravertebral muscles. Rev Bras Clin Med São Paulo. 2011;9:354–359.
- O’Hara JP, Cartwright A, Wade CD, et al. Efficacy of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch on hamstrings length after a signle sesson. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:1586–1591.
- Puentedura EJ, Huijbregts PA, Celeste S, et al. Immediate effects of quantified hamstring stretching: Hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus static stretching. Phys Ther Sport. 2011;12:122–126.
- Kay AD, Husbands-Beasley J, Blazevich AJ. Effects of contract-relax, static stretching, and isometric contractions on muscle-tendon mechanics. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47:2181–2190.
- Nakamura M, Ikezoe T, Tokugawa T, et al. Acute effects of stretching on passive properties of human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit: analysis of differences between hold-relax and static stretching. J Sport Rehabil. 2015;24:286–292.
- Konrad A, Tilp M. Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures. Clin Biomech. 2014;29:636–642.
- Konrad A, Gad M, Tilp M. Effect of PNF stretching training on the properties of human muscle and tendon structures. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:346–355.
- Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, et al. A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 1996;497:291–298.
- Folpp H, Deall S, Harvey LA, et al. Can apparent increases in muscle extensibility with regular stretch be explained by changes in tolerance to stretch? Aust J Physiother. 2006;52:45–50.
- Azevedo DC, Melo RM, Alves Corrêa RV, et al. Uninvolved versus target muscle contraction during contract: relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. Phys Ther Sport. 2011;12:117–121.
- Gajdosik RL. Passive extensibility of skeletal muscle: review of the literature with clinical implications. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001;16:87–101.
- Zöllner AM, Abilez OJ, Böl M, et al. Stretching skeletal muscle: chronic muscle lengthening through sarcomerogenesis. PLoS One 2012;7:e45661.
- Baroni BM, Geremia JM, Rodrigues R, et al. Muscle architecture adaptations to knee extensor eccentric training: rectus femoris vs. vastus lateralis. Muscle Nerve. 2013;48:498–506.
- Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Bronks R, et al. Training-specific muscle architecture adaptation after 5-wk training in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:2013–2022.
- Freitas SR, Mil-Homens P. Effect of 8-week high-intensity stretching training on biceps femoris architecture. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:1737–1740.
- Freitas SR, Vilarinho D, Vaz JR, et al. Responses to static stretching are dependent on stretch intensity and duration. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2015;35:478–484.
- Konrad A, Tilp M. Effects of ballistic stretching training on the properties of human muscle and tendon structures. J Appl Physiol. 2014;117:29–35.
- Akagi R, Takahashi H. Effect of a 5-week static stretching program on hardness of the gastrocnemius muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24:950–957.
- Guissard N, Duchateau J. Effect of static stretch training on neural and mechanical properties of the human plantar-flexor muscles. Muscle Nerve. 2004;29:248–255.
- Hayes BT, Harter RA, Widrick JJ, et al. Lack of neuromuscular origins of adaptation after a long-term stretching program. J Sport Rehabil. 2012;21:99–106.
- Chalmers G. Re-examination of the possible role of Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle reflexes in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation muscle stretching. Sports Biomech. 2004;3:159–183.
- Ferber R, Osternig LR, Gravelle DC. Effect of PNF stretch techniques on knee flexor muscle EMG activity in older adults. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2002;12:391–397.
- Mitchell UH, Myrer JW, Hopkins JT, et al. Neurophysiological Reflex mechanisms’ lack of contribution to the success of PNF stretches. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18:343–357.
- Trajano GS, Seitz L, Nosaka K, et al. Contribution of central vs. peripheral factors to the force loss induced by passive stretch of the human plantar flexors. J Appl Physiol. 2013;115:212–218.
- Kay AD, Blazevich AJ. Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:154–164.
- McHugh MP, Cosgrave CH. To stretch or not to stretch: The role of stretching in injury prevention and performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:169–181.
- Hartig DE, Henderson JM. Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:173–176.
- Nelson AG, Kokkonen J, Winchester JB, et al. A 10-week stretching program increases strength in the contralateral muscle. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:832–6.
- Caplan N, Rogers R, Parr MK, et al. The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Static Stretch Training on Running Mechanics. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:1175–1180.
- Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Eldredge C, et al. Chronic static stretching improves exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1825–1831.
- Medeiros DM, Lima CS. Influence of chronic stretching on muscle performance: Systematic review. Hum Mov Sci. 2017;54:220–229.