The effects of a multi-component intervention on the functional capacity, lower-body muscle strength, balance and gait in frail community-dwelling older people: a randomised controlled trial protocol

References

• WHO. Active ageing: a policy framework. Aging Male. 2002;5:1–37.
   Google Scholar
• de Labra C, Guimaraes-Pinheiro C, Maseda A, et al. Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15:154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhee JS, French DP, Jackson D, et al. Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology. 2016;17:567–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-García S, Sánchez-Arenas R, García-Peña C, et al. Frailty among community-dwelling elderly Mexican people: prevalence and association with sociodemographic characteristics, health state and the use of health services. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14:395–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer A, Badia T, Formiga F, et al. Frailty in the oldest old: prevalence and associated factors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61:294–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, et al. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:1487–1492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abizanda P, Sánchez-Jurado PM, Romero L, et al. Prevalence of frailty in a Spanish elderly population: the frailty and dependence in albacete study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:1356–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos-Eggimann B, Cuénoud P, Spagnoli J, et al. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol. A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64:675–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley JE, Perry HM, Miller DK. Editorial: something about frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57:M698–M704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockwood K, Andrew M, Mitnitski A. A comparison of two approaches to measuring frailty in elderly people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:738–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed N, Mandel R, Fain MJ. Frailty: an emerging geriatric syndrome. Am J Med. 2007;120:748–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, et al. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on aging research conference on frailty in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:991–1001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinoza SE, Fried LP. Risk factors for frailty in the older adult. Clin Geriatr. 2007;15:37–44.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarado BE, Zunzunegui M-V, Beland F, et al. Life course social and health conditions linked to frailty in Latin American older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:1399–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etman A, Burdorf A, Van der Cammen TJM, et al. Socio-demographic determinants of worsening in frailty among community-dwelling older people in 11 European countries. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012;66:1116–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustosa L, Silva J, Coelho F, et al. Effect of muscular strength training on the functional and muscular performance and on the IL-6 and TNFa on pre-frail elderly women. Physiother. 2010;11:82.
   Google Scholar
• Gobbens RJ, Luijkx KG, Wijnen-Sponselee MT, et al. Toward a conceptual definition of frail community dwelling older people. Nurs Outlook. 2010;58:76–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giné-Garriga M, Guerra M, Pagès E, et al. The effect of functional circuit training on physical frailty in frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Aging Phys Act. 2010;18:401–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giné-Garriga M, Guerra M, Unnithan VB. The effect of functional circuit training on self-reported fear of falling and health status in a group of physically frail older individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2013;25:329–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latham NK, Anderson CS, Lee A, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of quadriceps resistance exercise and vitamin D in frail older people: the frailty interventions trial in elderly subjects (FITNESS). J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:291–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre LE, Villareal DT. Physical exercise as therapy for frailty. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2015;83:83–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ng TP, Feng L, Nyunt MSZ, et al. Nutritional, physical, cognitive, and combination interventions and frailty reversal among older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med. 2015;128:1225–1236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairhall N, Sherrington C, Lord SR, et al. Effect of a multifactorial, interdisciplinary intervention on risk factors for falls and fall rate in frail older people: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2014;43:616–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustosa LP, Silva JP, Coelho FM, et al. Impact of resistance exercise program on functional capacity and muscular strength of knee extensor in pre-frail community-dwelling older women: a randomized crossover trial. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15:318–324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoultz I, Algilani S, Östlund-Lagerström L, et al. Exploring the concept of optimal functionality in old age. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2014;7:69–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, et al. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1769–1775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadore EL, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, et al. Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians. Age (Omaha). 2014;36:773–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner G, Clegg A. Best practice guidelines for the management of frailty: a British Geriatrics Society, Age UK and Royal College of General Practitioners report. Age Ageing. 2014;43:744–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brucki SMD, Nitrin R, Caramelli P, et al. Suggestions for utilization of the mini-mental state examination in Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2003;61:777–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexandre TS, Meira DM, Rico NC, et al. Accuracy of Timed Up and Go Test for screening risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2012;16:381–388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The Timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39:142–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks D, Davis AM, Naglie G. Validity of 3 physical performance measures in inpatient geriatric rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:105–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton A, Fritz SL, Lusardi M. Walking speed: the functional vital sign. J Aging Phys Act. 2015; 23:314–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters DM, Fritz SL, Krotish DE. Assessing the reliability and validity of a shorter walk test compared with the 10-Meter Walk Test for measurements of gait speed in healthy, older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2013;36:24–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buatois S, Miljkovic D, Manckoundia P, et al. Five times sit to stand test is a predictor of recurrent falls in healthy community-living subjects aged 65 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1575–1577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul SS, Canning CG. Five-repetition sit-to-stand. J Physiother. 2014;60:168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanaka EH, Santos PF, Reis JG, et al. Is there a relationship between complaints of impaired balance and postural control disorder in community-dwelling elderly women? A cross-sectional study with the use of posturography. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015;19:186–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancini M, Horak FB. The relevance of clinical balance assessment tools to differentiate balance deficits. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010;46:239–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolinsky FD, Miller DK, Andresen EM, et al. Reproducibility of physical performance and physiologic assessments. J Aging Health. 2005;17:111–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FB H. Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age Ageing. 2006;35:7–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, et al. Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45:M192–M197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeWaard BP, Bentrup BR, Hollman JH, et al. Relationship of the functional and lateral reach tests in elderly females. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2002;30:2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Mendoza CL, Cabañero-Martínez MJ, Millán-Calenti JC, et al. Reliability of 4-m and 6-m walking speed tests in elderly people with cognitive impairment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52:e67–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL, et al. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capodaglio P, Capodaglio EM, Ferri A, et al. Muscle function and functional ability improves more in community-dwelling older women with a mixed-strength training programme. Age Ageing. 2005;34:141–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray NW, Smart RR, Jakobi JM, et al. Exercise prescription to reverse frailty. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41:1112–1116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfieri FM, Riberto M, Abril-Carreres À, et al. Effectiveness of an exercise program on postural control in frail older adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:593–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Mañas L, Féart C, Mann G, et al. Searching for an operational definition of frailty: a delphi method based consensus statement. The frailty operative definition-consensus conference project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:62–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornwell J. The care of frail older people with complex needs: time for a revolution. King’s Fund Ideas that Chang. Heal Care. 2012;1–16.
   Google Scholar