595
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Land and exile: revisiting the case of Burundian refugees in Tanzania

Terre et exil: Revisiter le cas des réfugiés burundais en Tanzanie

Pages 108-125 | Received 05 May 2017, Accepted 24 Apr 2018, Published online: 08 Aug 2018

References

  • Abrahams, R. G. 1981. The Nyamwezi Today: A Tanzanian People in the 1970s. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
  • Armstrong, A. 1991. “Resource Frontiers and Regional Development: The Role of Refugee Settlement in Tanzania.” Habitat International 15 (1): 69–85. doi: 10.1016/0197-3975(91)90007-8
  • Bakewell, O. 2000. “Repatriation and Self-Settled Refugees in Zambia: Bringing Solutions to the Wrong Problems.” Journal of Refugee Studies 13 (4): 356–373. doi: 10.1093/jrs/13.4.356
  • Berry, S. 1993. No Condition is Permanent : The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in sub-Saharan Africa. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Boone, C. 2015. “Land Tenure Regimes and State Structure in Rural Africa: Implications for Forms of Resistance to Large-scale Land Acquisitions by Outsiders.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 33 (2): 1–20.
  • Bøås, M., and K. C. Dunn. 2013. Politics of Origin in Africa: Autochthony, Citizenship and Conflict. Edited by K. C. Dunn. London: Zed Books.
  • Ceuppens, Bambi, and Peter Geschiere. 2005. “Autochthony: Local or Global? New Modes in the Struggle Over Citizenship and Belonging in Africa and Europe.” Annual Review of Anthropology 34: 385–407. doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120354
  • Chaulia, S. S. 2003. “The Politics of Refugee Hosting in Tanzania: From Open Door to Unsustainability, Insecurity and Receding Receptivity.” Journal of Refugee Studies 16 (2): 147–166. doi: 10.1093/jrs/16.2.147
  • Chimni, B. 2004. “From Resettlement to Involuntary Repatriation: Towards a Critical History of Durable Solutions to Refugee Problems.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 23 (3): 55–73. doi: 10.1093/rsq/23.3.55
  • Comaroff, J., and L. Comaroff. 2001. “Naturing the Nation: Aliens, Apocalypse and the Postcolonial State.” Journal of Southern African Studies 27 (3): 627–651. doi: 10.1080/13632430120074626
  • Daley, P. 1989. “Refugees and Underdevelopment in Africa: The Case of Barundi Refugees in Tanzania.” DPhil thesis, Oxford University.
  • Daley, P. 2007. “The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace–making.” Review of African Political Economy 34 (112): 333–352. doi: 10.1080/03056240701449729
  • Daley, P. 2013. “Refugees, IDPs and Citizenship Rights: The Perils of Humanitarianism in the African Great Lakes region.” Third World Quarterly 34 (5): 893–912. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2013.800740
  • Dick, S. 2002. Responding to Protracted Refugee Situations: A Case Study Of Liberian Refugees in Ghana. Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU). Geneva: UNHCR.
  • Dryden-Peterson, S., and L. Hovil. 2004. “A Remaining Hope for Durable Solutions: Local Integration of Refugees and their Hosts in the Case of Uganda.” Refuge 22, 26–38.
  • Espeland, R. 2011. “Autochthony, rumor dynamics, and communal violence in Western Uganda.” Social Analysis 55 (3): 18. doi: 10.3167/sa.2011.550302
  • Fielden, A. 2008. “Local integration: An Under-Reported Solution to Protracted Refugee Situations”. New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper No. 158, Geneva: UNHCR.
  • Fransen, S., and K. Kuschminder. 2014. “Lessons Learned from Refugee Return Settlement Policies: A Case Study on Burundi’s Rural Integrated Villages.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 33 (1): 59–76. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdt023
  • Geschiere, P. 2009. The Perils of Belonging : Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Geschiere, P. 2011. “Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion – Paradoxes in the Politics of Belonging in Africa and Europe.(Symposium).” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 18 (1): 321. doi: 10.2979/indjglolegstu.18.1.321
  • Geschiere, P., and F. Nyamnjoh. 2000. “Capitalism and Autochthony: The Seesaw of Mobility and Belonging.” Public Culture 12 (2): 423–452. doi: 10.1215/08992363-12-2-423
  • Government of the United Republic of Tanzania. 1966. Refugees (Control) Act, 1965, Dar es Salaam.
  • Government of the United Republic of Tanzania. 1998. The Refugees Act, 1998, Dar es Salaam.
  • Government of the United Republic of Tanzania. 2002. The Forest Act, 2002, Dar es Salaam.
  • Government of the United Republic of Tanzania. 2016. Tanzania Strategy for Local Integration Programme for the New Citizens (TANSPLI) [draft]. Unpublished.
  • Hovil, L. 2009. “Citizenship and Land: A Potent Relationship.” African Arguments. Accessed March 31, 2016. http://africanarguments.org/2009/12/14/citizenship-and-land-a-potent-relationship/.
  • Hovil, L. 2016. Refugees, Conflict and the Search for Belonging. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Hovil, L., and O. Kweka. 2008. “Going Home or Staying Home? Ending Displacement for Burundian Refugees in Tanzania.” Citizenship and Forced Migration in the Great Lakes Region Working Paper 1.
  • Hyden, G. 1980. Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • International Refugee Rights Initiative (IRRI). 2009. “‘Two People Can’t Share the Same Pair of Shoes: Citizenship, Land and the Return of Refugees to Burundi.” Citizenship and Forced Migration in the Great Lakes Region, Working Paper No. (2).
  • IRIN. 2014. “Tanzania’s New Citizens to Get Land, Voting Rights”. Accessed March 31, 2016. http://www.irinnews.org/report/100725/tanzania%E2%80%99s-new-citizens-get-land-voting-rights.
  • Jackson, S. 2006. “Sons of Which Soil? The Language and Politics of Autochthony in Eastern D.R. Congo.” African Studies Review 49 (2): 95–123. doi: 10.1353/arw.2006.0107
  • Jacobsen, K. 2001. “The Forgotten Solution: Local Integration for Refugees in Developing Countries.” New Issues in Refugee Research (45).
  • James, D. 2007. Gaining Ground? ‘Rights’ and ‘Property’ in South African Land Reform. New York, NY: Routledge-Cavendish.
  • Kaiser, T. 2006. “Between a Camp and a Hard Place: Rights, Livelihood and Experiences of the Local Settlement System for Long-Term Refugees in Uganda.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 44: 597–621. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X06002102
  • Kibreab, G. 1999. “Revisiting the Debate on People, Place, Identity and Displacement.” Journal of Refugee Studies 12 (4): 384–410. doi: 10.1093/jrs/12.4.384
  • Kibreab, G. 2003. “Citizenship Rights and Repatriation of Refugees.” International Migration Review 37 (1): 24–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00129.x
  • Kohlhagen, D. 2011. “In Quest of Legitimacy: Changes in Land Law and Legal Reform.” In Natural Resources and Local Livelihoods in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, edited by A. Ansoms and S. Marysse, 83–103. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kweka, O. L. 2007. “The Impact Of Structural Adjustment Program on the Refugee Policy in Tanzania: Implications for Survival Strategies of Burundian Refugees in Camps.” PhD, University of Minnesota.
  • Lemarchand, R. 1996. Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide. New ed. Cambridge : Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press.
  • Lentz, C. 2013. Land, Mobility, and Belonging in West Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
  • Li, T. 2014. “What is land? Assembling a Resource for Global Investment.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 39 (4): 589–602. doi: 10.1111/tran.12065
  • Long, K. 2013. “When Refugees Stopped Being Migrants: Movement, Labour and Humanitarian Protection.” Migration Studies 1 (1): 4–26. doi: 10.1093/migration/mns001
  • Lund, C., and C. Boone. 2013. “Introduction: Land Politics in Africa – Constituting authority over territory, property and persons.” Africa 83 (1): 1–13. doi: 10.1017/S000197201200068X
  • Malkki, L. 1992. “National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity Among Scholars and Refugees.” Cultural Anthropology 7 (1): 24–44. doi: 10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00030
  • Malkki, L. H. 1995. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Manby, B. 2009. Struggles for Citizenship in Africa. London: Zed Books.
  • Marx, C. 2016. “Extending the Analysis of Urban Land Conflict: An Example from Johannesburg.” Urban Studies 53 (13): 2779–2795. doi: 10.1177/0042098015607801
  • Milner, J. 2013. “Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Understanding the Shifting Politics of Refugee Policy in Tanzania.” New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper No. 255.
  • Milner, J. 2014. “Can Global Refugee Policy Leverage Durable Solutions? Lessons from Tanzania’s Naturalization of Burundian refugees.” Journal of Refugee Studies 27 (4): 553–573. doi: 10.1093/jrs/feu023
  • Moore, S. F. 1978. Law as Process: An Anthropological Approach. London: Routledge.
  • Ribot, J. C., and N. L. Peluso. 2003. “A Theory of Access.” Rural Sociology 68 (2): 153–181. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.2003.tb00133.x
  • Rose, C. 1994. Property and Persuasion: Essays on the History, Theory, and Rhetoric of Ownership. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • SA3 Team. 2007. Study of Tanzania’s Old Settlements Hosting the 1972 Refugees From Burundi. Dar es Salaam: SA3 Team.
  • Shipton. 1994. “Land and Culture in Tropical Africa – Soils, Symbols, and the Metaphysics of the Mundane.” Annual Review of Anthropology 23: 347–377. doi: 10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.002023
  • Shipton, P. 2009. Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Sikor, T., and C. Lund. 2009. “Access and Property: A Question of Power and Authority.” Development and Change 40 (1): 1–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2009.01503.x
  • Sommers, M. 2001. Fear in Bongoland: Burundi Refugees in Urban Tanzania. New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Tanganyika Christian Refugee Service. 1985. The Annual Report. Unpublished.
  • Tanganyika Christian Refugee Service. 2009. Ulyankulu Settlement Annual Report for the Year. Unpublished.
  • Tanganyika Christian Refugee Service. 2012. The Old Settlements Project. Unpublished.
  • Turner, S. 2010. Politics of Innocence: Hutu Identity, Conflict, and Camp Life. New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Uvin, P. 2009. Life After Violence: a People’s Story of Burundi. London: Zed.
  • Van Hoyweghen, S. 2001. “Mobility, Territoriality and Sovereignty in Post-Colonial Tanzania.” New Issues in Refugee Research. Working Paper No. 49.
  • van Leeuwen, M. 2010. “Crisis or Continuity? Framing Land Disputes and Local Conflict Resolution in Burundi: Framing Land Disputes and Local Conflict Resolution in Burundi.” Land Use Policy 27 (3): 753–762. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.10.006
  • van Leeuwen, M., and L. Haartsen. 2005. Land Disputes and Local Conflict Resolution Mechanisms in Burundi. Bujumbura: CED-Caritas.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.