References

• Arnaldi Di Balme, Luigi, and Cristiano Lanzano. 2013. “Entrepreneurs de la Frontière": Le Rôle des Comptoirs Privés Dans les Sites D’extraction Artisanale de L’or au Burkina Faso.” Politique Africaine 131: 27–49.
   Google Scholar
• Arnaldi Di Balme, Luigi, and Cristiano Lanzano. 2014. Gouverner L’éphémère. Étude sur L’organisation Technique et Politique de Deux Sites D’orpaillage (Bantara et Gombélèdougou, Burkina Faso). Ouagadougou: Laboratoire Citoyennetés.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, Thomas Clay. 2001. “Rethinking Moral Economy.” American Political Science Review 95 (1): 85–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASM18. 2018. "Mosi-oa-Tunya Declaration on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining, Quarrying and Development." In Annex I to the Report of the International Conference on Artisanal and Small-scale Mining and Quarrying. Livingston, Zambia, September 11–13.
   Google Scholar
• Ayelazuno, Jasper Abembia. 2014. “The ‘New Extractivism’ in Ghana: A Critical Review of its Development Prospects.” The Extractive Industries and Society 1 (2): 292–302.
   Google Scholar
• Bebbington, Anthony, and Jeffrey Bury. 2013. Subterranean Struggles. New Dynamics of Mining, Oil, and Gas in Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benson, Peter, and Stuart Kirsch. 2010. “Corporate Oxymorons.” Dialectical Anthropology 34 (1): 45–48.
   Google Scholar
• Bissa Gold SA. 2017. SAMAO 2017. Visite de la Mine D'or de Bissa Gold. 30 Septembre 2017: Brochure. Ouagadougou: Bissa Gold.
   Google Scholar
• Bolay, Matthieu. 2014. “When Miners Become “Foreigners”: Competing Categorizations Within Gold Mining Spaces in Guinea.” Resources Policy 40 (0): 117–127.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, Andrew, Tomas Frederiksen, Deborah Fahy Bryceson, John Childs, Emma Gilberthorpe, and Susan Newman. 2021. “Mining in Africa After the Supercycle: New Directions and Geographies.” Area 53 (4): 647–658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryceson, Deborah Fahy, and Jesper Bosse Jønsson. 2014. “Mineralising Africa and Artisanal Mining’s Democratising Influence.” In Mining and Social Transformation in Africa: Mineralizing and Democratizing Trends in Artisanal Production, edited by Deborah Fahy Bryceson, Jesper Bosse Jønsson, Eleanor Fisher, and Rosemarie Mwaipopo, 1–22. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bush, Ray. 2004. “Undermining Africa.” Historical Materialism 12 (4): 173–201.
   Google Scholar
• Bush, Ray. 2009. “‘Soon There Will be no-one Left to Take the Corpses to the Morgue’: Accumulation and Abjection in Ghana's Mining Communities.” Resources Policy 34 (1–2): 57–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côte, Muriel, and Benedikt Korf. 2018. “Making Concessions: Extractive Enclaves, Entangled Capitalism and Regulative Pluralism at the Gold Mining Frontier in Burkina Faso.” World Development 101: 466–476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELVE. 2020. A Global Platform for Artisanal and Small Scale Mining Data.
   Google Scholar
• Edelman, Marc. 2005. “”Bringing the Moral Economy Back in … to the Study of 21st-Century Transnational Peasant Movements.”.” American Anthropologist 107 (3): 331–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, Jane. 2005. Using Narrative in Social Research. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Engels, Bettina. 2020. “Not Normal, not Just: Protest Against Large-Scale Mining from a Moral Economy Perspective.” Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne des études Africaines 54 (3): 479–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1971. L’ordre du Discours. Paris: Gallimard.
   Google Scholar
• Geenen, Sara. 2014. “Dispossession, Displacement and Resistance: Artisanal Miners in a Gold Concession in South-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo.” Resources Policy 40: 90–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gongo, Simon, and Pauline Bax. 2016. “Africa’s Fastest Growing Gold Producer Says More to Come.” BloombergMarkets, August 31. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-31/africa-s-fastest-growing-gold-producer-says-more-to-come.
   Google Scholar
• Götz, Norbert. 2015. “‘Moral Economy’: Its Conceptual History and Analytical Prospects.” Journal of Global Ethics 11 (2): 147–162.
   Google Scholar
• Grätz, Tilo. 2002. “Gold Mining Communities in Northern Benin as Semi-Autonomous Social Fields.” Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers 36. Halle/Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, Penny. 2007. “Neoliberalism and the World Bank: Economic Discourse and the (re)Production of Gendered Identity(ies).” Policy Futures in Education 5: 226–238.
   Google Scholar
• Guéniat, Marc, and Natasha White. 2015. Golden Racket. The True Source of Switzerland s Togolese Gold. A Berne Declaration Investigation. Lausanne/Zürich: Berne Declaration.
   Google Scholar
• Hajer, Maarten. 1997. “The Politics of Environmental Discourse - Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process.” doi:10.1093/019829333X.001.0001.
   Google Scholar
• Hajer, Maarten, and Wytske Versteeg. 2005. “A Decade of Discourse Analysis of Environmental Politics: Achievements, Challenges, Perspectives.” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 7 (3): 175–184.
   Google Scholar
• Hajer, Marten, and Hendrik Wagenaar. 2003. Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hinchman, Lewis P., and Sandra Hinchman. 1997. Memory, Identity, Community: The Idea of Narrative in the Human Sciences. Albany, NY: SUNY.
   Google Scholar
• Huggins, Chris. 2016. “Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining: Critical Approaches to Property Rights and Governance.” Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 1 (2): 151–164.
   Google Scholar
• IGF. 2017. Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A Review of key Numbers and Issues. Winnipeg: The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
   Google Scholar
• INSD. 2017. Enquête Nationale sur le Secteur de L’orpaillage. Ouagadougou: Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie.
   Google Scholar
• Jacques, Eric, et al. 2006. “Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mines in Burkina Faso: Today and Tomorrow.” In Small-Scale Mining, Rural Subsidence and Poverty in West Africa, edited by Gavin Hilson, 115–134. Warwickshire: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Michael D., and Mark K McBeth. 2010. “A Narrative Policy Framework: Clear Enough to Be Wrong?” Policy Studies Journal 38 (2): 329–353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jønsson, Jesper Bosse, and Niels Fold. 2011. “Mining ‘from Below’: Taking Africa’s Artisanal Miners Seriously.” Geography Compass 5 (7): 479–493.
   Google Scholar
• Justice, Issah Musah-Surugu, et al. 2017. “Rural Poverty and Artisanal Mining in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Perspective Through Environment–Poverty Paradox.” International Journal of Rural Management 13 (2): 162–181.
   Google Scholar
• Kaboré, Elie. 2016. “Paiement des taxes superficiaires: La répartition par commune." Economist du Faso, March 28.
   Google Scholar
• Kaboré, Elie. 2020. Production minière en 2019: Baisse de la production mais hausse des recettes. Economist du Faso, June. Last accessed April 10, 2022. https://www.leconomistedufaso.bf/2020/06/23/production-miniere-en-2019-baisse-de-la-production-mais-hausse-des-recettes/.
   Google Scholar
• Koidima, Dorcas Céleste. 2011. “Industrie minière burkinabé: le filon du diable à l’horizon.” lefaso.net, May 19. Last accessed July 22, 2021. https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article42079.
   Google Scholar
• Konkobo, Hermann Moussa, and Issaka Sawadogo. 2020. “Exploitation minière artisanale et semi-mécanisée de l’or au Burkina Faso: Les acteur·trices de la chaîne opératoire, leur vécu quotidien et leurs perceptions des tentatives actuelles d’encadrement et de formalisation.” GLOCON Country Report No. 5. Berlin: GLOCON.
   Google Scholar
• Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala. 2018. “Extractive Peasants: Reframing Informal Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Debates.” Third World Quarterly 39 (8): 1561–1582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzano, Cristiano. 2018. “Gold Digging and the Politics of Time: Changing Timescapes of Artisanal Mining in West Africa.” The Extractive Industries and Society 5 (2): 253–259.
   Google Scholar
• Luning, Sabine. 2014. “The Future of Artisanal Miners from a Large-Scale Perspective: From Valued Pathfinders to Disposable Illegals?” Futures 62 (Part A): 67–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooji, Jos E, Deborah Fahy Bryceson, and Cristóbal Kay. 2000. Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Intermediate Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Moore Stephens. 2017. Initiative Pour la Transparence Dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE Burkina Faso). Rapport 2015. Moore Stephens LLP.
   Google Scholar
• ORCADE. 2018. Etat des Lieux de la Mise en Oeuvre du Nouveau Code Minier du Burkina Faso: Organisation pour le Renforcement des Capacités de Développement/Publiez Ce Que Vous Payez and Oxfam.
   Google Scholar
• Ouedraogo, Moïse. 2021. Impact of New Mining Technologies on Large-Scale and Artisanal Mining in Burkina Faso. Winnipeg: The International Institute for Sustainable Development.
   Google Scholar
• Palomera, Jaime, and Theodora Vetta. 2016. “Moral Economy: Rethinking a Radical Concept.” Anthropological Theory 16 (4): 413–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, Molly, and Kristen Renwick Monroe. 1998. “Narratives in Political Science.” Annual Review of Political Science 1: 315–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokorny, Benno, et al. 2019. “All the Gold for Nothing? Impacts of Mining on Rural Livelihoods in Northern Burkina Faso.” World Development 119: 23–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radley, Ben, and Sara Geenen. 2021. “Struggles Over Value: Corporate–State Suppression of Locally Led Mining Mechanisation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” Review of African Political Economy 48 (168): 161–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AN. 2016. Rapport Général de la commission d'enquête parlementaire sur la gestion des titres miniers et la responsabilité sociale des entreprises minières. Septembre. Ouagadougou: Assemblé Nationale du Burkina Faso.
   Google Scholar
• Roe, Emery M. 1991. “Development Narratives, or Making the Best of Blueprint Development.” World Development 19 (4): 287–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe, Emery M. 1994. Narrative Policy Analysis: Theory and Practice. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sayer, Andrew. 2004. Moral Economy. Manuscript, Lancaster University, Department of Sociology.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, David A., and Robert D Benford. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611–639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers, Margaret R., and Gloria D Gibson. 1994. “Reclaiming the Epistemological Other: Narrative and the Social Constitution of Identity.” In From Persons to Nations: The Social Constitution of Identities, edited by Craig Calhoun, 35–99. London: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Spiegel, Samuel J. 2014. “Rural Place-Making, Globalization and the Extractive Sector: Insights from Gold Mining Areas in Kratie and Ratanakiri, Cambodia.” Journal of Rural Studies 36: 300–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. P. 1971. “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century.” Past and Present 50: 76–136.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. P. 1991 [1963]. The Making of the English Working Class. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Tschakert, Petra, and Kamini Singha. 2007. “Contaminated Identities: Mercury and Marginalization in Ghana’s Artisanal Mining Sector.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 38 (6): 1304–1321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Web Map. 2022. Mining Conflicts in Burkina Faso. Web Map. Last accessed February 17, 2022. http://www.mining-conflicts-burkina.net/.
   Google Scholar
• Werthmann, Katja. 2017. “The Drawbacks of Privatization: Artisanal Gold Mining in Burkina Faso 1986–2016.” Resources Policy 52: 418–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2012. Increasing Local Procurement by the Mining Industry in West Africa. Report No. 66585-AFR. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2018. Program Information Document (PID), First Fiscal Management, Human Development and Sustainable Growth DPF, Report No: 128780-BF. July 24. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2019. State of the Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Sector. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Xinhua. 2021. Burkina Faso produces 60 tons of gold in 2020. By XINHUA. January 17. Last accessed February 28, 2022. https://africa.cgtn.com/2021/01/17/burkina-faso-produces-60-tons-of-gold-in-2020/.
   Google Scholar