Prospective comparison of the efficacy of caudal versus periprostatic nerve block, both with intrarectal local anesthesia, during transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostatic needle biopsy

References

• Heidenreich A, Bastian PJ, Bellmunt J, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent-update 2013. Eur Urol. 2014;65:124–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autorino R, De Sio M, Di Lorenzo G, et al. How to decrease pain during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a look at the literature. J Urol. 2005;174:2091–2097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haq A, Patel HR, Habib MR, et al. Diclofenac suppository analgesia for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies of the prostate: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Urol. 2004;171:1489–1491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash PA, Bruce JE, Indudhara R, et al. Transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade eases systematic needle biopsy of the prostate. J Urol. 1996;155:607–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hergan L, Kashefi C, Parsons JK. Local anesthetic reduces pain associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a meta-analysis. Urology. 2007;69:520–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desgrandchamps F, Meria P, Irani J, et al. The rectal administration of lidocaine gel and tolerance of transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 1999;83:1007–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragavan N, Philip J, Balasubramanian SP, et al. A randomized, controlled trial comparing lidocaine periprostatic nerve block, diclofenac suppository and both for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of prostate. J Urol. 2005;174:510–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochester MA, LEM K, Brewster SF. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of topical glyceryl trinitrate for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. J Urol. 2005;173:418–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannarini G, Autorino R, Valent F, et al. Combination of perianal-intrarectal lidocaine-prilocaine cream and periprostatic nerve block for pain control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial. J Urol. 2009;181:585–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunacek A, Mrstik C, Simon J, et al. Combination of lidocaine suppository and periprostatic nerve block during transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial. Int J Urol. 2014;21:1126–1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Japanese Urological Association. Clinical Practice Guideline for Prostate Cancer. Tokyo: Kanehara & Co Ltd; 2012. (In Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Horinaga M, Nakashima J, Nakanoma T. Efficacy compared between caudal block and periprostatic local anesthesia for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy. Urology. 2006;68:348–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesur M, Yapanoglu T, Erdem AF, et al. Caudal analgesia for prostate biopsy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010;54:557–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikuerowo SO, Popoola AA, Olapade-Olaopa EO, et al. Caudal block anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy. Int Urol Nephrol. 2010;42:19–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Fu Y, Ma H, et al. Advantages of caudal block over intrarectal local anesthesia plus periprostatic nerve block for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Pak J Med Sci. 2016;32:978–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JW R. Caudal epidural blockade. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO, editors. Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven; 1998. p. 323–342.
   Google Scholar
• Black MG. Anatomic reasons for caudal anesthesia failure. Curr Res Anesth Analg. 1949;28:33–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zito SJ. Adult caudal anesthesia: a reexamination of the technique. AANA J. 1993;61:153–157.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaeffer AJ, Montorsi F, Scattoni V, et al. Comparison of a 3-day with a 1-day regimen of an extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin as antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients undergoing transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate. BJU Int. 2007;100:51–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaylis F, Nasseri R, Fink L, et al. Prostate biopsy complications: a dual analysis. Urology. 2016;93:135–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elabbady AA, Khedr MM. Extended 12-core prostate biopsy increases both the detection of prostate cancer and the accuracy of Gleason score. Eur Urol. 2006;49:49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scattoni V, Zlotta A, Montironi R, et al. Extended and saturation prostatic biopsy in the diagnosis and characterisation of prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature. Eur Urol. 2007;52:1309–1322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekiguchi M, Yabuki S, Satoh K, et al. An anatomic study of the sacral hiatus: a basis for successful caudal epidural block. Clin J Pain. 2004;20:51–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naughton CK, Ornstein DK, Smith DS, et al. Pain and morbidity of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial of 6 versus 12 cores. J Urol. 2000;163:168–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariappan P, Chong WL, Sundram M, et al. Increasing prostate biopsy cores based on volume vs the sextant biopsy: a prospective randomized controlled clinical study on cancer detection rates and morbidity. BJU Int. 2004;94:307–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal A, Kaur H, Batra YK, et al. Anatomic consideration of caudal epidural space: a cadaver study. Clin Anat. 2009;22:730–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakehi Y, Naito S. Complication rates of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a nation-wide survey in Japan. Int J Urol. 2008;15:319–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zani EL, Clark OA, Rodrigues Netto N Jr. Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(5):CD006576.
   Google Scholar
• Akduman B, Akduman D, Tokgoz H, et al. Long-term fluoroquinolone use before the prostate biopsy may increase the risk of sepsis caused by resistant microorganisms. Urology. 2011;78:250–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis MP, Thomas P, Wilson LF, et al. The ‘whoosh’ test. A clinical test to confirm correct needle placement in caudal epidural injections. Anaesthesia. 1992;47:57–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar