Impact of biopsy perineural invasion on the outcomes of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Hsing AW, Tsao L, Devesa SS. International trends and patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer. 2000;185:60–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR. Trends in management for patients with localized prostate cancer, 1990–2013. JAMA. 2015;314:80–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastian PJ, Mangold LA, Epstein JI, et al. Characteristics of insignificant clinical T1c prostate tumors. A contemporary analysis. Cancer. 2004;1;101:2001–2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA, et al. Perineural invasion in cancer: a review of the literature. Cancer 2009;115:3379–3391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang LJ, Wu B, Zha ZL, et al. Perineural invasion as an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol. 2018;18:5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harnden P, Shelley MD, Clements H, et al. The prognostic significance of perineural invasion in prostatic cancer biopsies – a systematic review. Cancer. 2007;109:13–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnon C, Hall SJ, Lin J, et al. Autonomic nerve development contributes to prostate cancer progression. Science. 2013;341:1236361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White CW, Xie JH, Ventura S. Age-related changes in the innervation of the prostate gland: implications for prostate cancer initiation and progression. Organogenesis. 2013;9:206–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brundl J, Schneider S, Weber F, et al. Computerized quantification and planimetry of prostatic capsular nerves in relation to adjacent prostate cancer foci. Eur Urol. 2014;65:802–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala GE, Dai H, Ittmann M, et al. Growth and survival mechanisms associated with perineural invasion in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2004;64:6082–6090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villers A, McNeal JE, Redwine EA, et al. The role of perineural space invasion in the local spread of prostatic adenocarcinoma. J Urol. 1989;142:763–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzi G, Rocco BM, Grasso A, et al. Perineural invasion as a predictor of extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Urol. 2013;47:443–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kryvenko ON, Diaz M, Meier FA, et al. Findings in 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy that predict more advanced cancer at prostatectomy: analysis of 388 biopsy-prostatectomy pairs. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012;137:739–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NN, Stock RG, Parikh D, et al. Perineural invasion and seminal vesicle involvement predict pelvic lymph node metastasis in men with localized carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1998;160:1722–1726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciftci S, Yilmaz H, Ciftci E, et al. Perineural invasion in prostate biopsy specimens is associated with increased bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2015;75:1783–1789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeter T, Bogaard M, Vlatkovic L, et al. The relationship between perineural invasion, tumor grade, reactive stroma and prostate cancer-specific mortality: a clinicopathologic study on a population-based cohort. Prostate. 2016;76:207–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLancey JO, Wood DP, Jr., He C, et al. Evidence of perineural invasion on prostate biopsy specimen and survival after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2013;81:354–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrilees AD, Bethwaite PB, Russell GL, et al. Parameters of perineural invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens lack prognostic significance. Mod Pathol. 2008;21:1095–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb S, Epstein JI, Humphreys EB, et al. Does perineural invasion on prostate biopsy predict adverse prostatectomy outcomes? BJU Int. 2010;105:1510–1513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin MA, Bismar TA, Curtis S, et al. Prostate needle biopsy reporting: how are the surgical members of the Society of Urologic Oncology using pathology reports to guide treatment of prostate cancer patients? Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:946–952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne JA, Hernan MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statist Med. 2002;21:1539–1558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravery V, Boccon-Gibod LA, Dauge-Geffroy MC, et al. Systematic biopsies accurately predict extracapsular extension of prostate cancer and persistent/recurrent detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 1994;44:371–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henke RP, Hammerer P, Graefen M, et al. Interphase cytogenetic study of preoperative core biopsies for the prediction of early serum prostate specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy of clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 1998;83:977–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Taille A, Rubin MA, Bagiella E, et al. Can perineural invasion on prostate needle biopsy predict prostate specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy? J Urol. 1999;162:103–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Amico AV, Wu Y, Chen MH, et al. Perineural invasion as a predictor of biochemical outcome following radical prostatectomy for select men with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2001;165:126–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedland SJ, Csathy GS, Dorey F, et al. Percent prostate needle biopsy tissue with cancer is more predictive of biochemical failure or adverse pathology after radical prostatectomy than prostate specific antigen or Gleason score. J Urol. 2002;167:516–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson CP, Rubin MA, Strawderman M, et al. Preoperative parameters for predicting early prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2002;59:740–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Malley KJ, Pound CR, Walsh PC, et al. Influence of biopsy perineural invasion on long-term biochemical disease-free survival after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2002;59:85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson CP, Dunn RL, Wei JT, et al. Contemporary preoperative parameters predict cancer-free survival after radical prostatectomy: a tool to facilitate treatment decisions. Urol Oncol. 2003;21:213–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn DI, Henshall SM, Brenner PC, et al. Prognostic significance of preoperative factors in localized prostate carcinoma treated with radical prostatectomy: importance of percentage of biopsies that contain tumor and the presence of biopsy perineural invasion. Cancer. 2003;97:1884–1893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-San Segundo C, Herranz-Amo F, Álvarez-González A, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: Long-term effect on biochemical control-in search of the optimal treatment [Article]. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18:2980–2987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz B, Srougi M, Dall'Oglio M, et al. Perineural invasion detection in prostate biopsy is related to recurrence-free survival in patients submitted to radical prostatectomy [Article]. Urol Oncol. 2013;31:175–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tollefson MK, Karnes RJ, Kwon ED, et al. Prostate cancer Ki-67 (MIB-1) expression, perineural invasion, and Gleason score as biopsy-based predictors of prostate cancer mortality: the Mayo model. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:308–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristau BT, Tomaszewski JJ, Chen YF, et al. Prostate biopsy perineural invasion is not independently associated with positive surgical margins following radical retropubic prostatectomy. World J Urol. 2015;33:1269–1274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truong M, Rais-Bahrami S, Nix JW, et al. Perineural invasion by prostate cancer on MR/US fusion targeted biopsy is associated with extraprostatic extension and early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Hum Pathol. 2017;66:206–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner RM, Yecies TS, Yabes JG, et al. Biopsy perineural invasion in prostate cancer patients who are candidates for active surveillance by strict and expanded criteria. Urology. 2017;102:173–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celik S, Bozkurt O, Demir O, et al. Effects of perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy on tumor grade and biochemical recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018;34:385–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung MS, Lee SH. Current status of active surveillance in prostate cancer. Investig Clin Urol. 2016;57:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas SO, Jiroutek M, Welch WR, et al. Perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy specimens. Correlation with extraprostatic extension at resection. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111:223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Algaba F, Arce Y, Oliver A, et al. Prognostic parameters other than Gleason score for the daily evaluation of prostate cancer in needle biopsy. Eur Urol. 2005;48:566–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon GM, Jr., Pound CR, Landsittel DP, et al. Perineural invasion in prostate cancer biopsies is not associated with higher rates of positive surgical margins. Prostate. 2005;63:336–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala GE, Dai H, Tahir SA, et al. Stromal antiapoptotic paracrine loop in perineural invasion of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2006;66:5159–5164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromont G, Godet J, Pires C, et al. Biological significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2012;72:542–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bismar TA, Lewis JS, Jr., Vollmer RT, et al. Multiple measures of carcinoma extent versus perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy tissue in prediction of pathologic stage in a screening population. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:432–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad AS, Parameshwaran V, Beltran L, et al. Should reporting of peri-neural invasion and extra prostatic extension be mandatory in prostate cancer biopsies? Correlation with outcome in biopsy cases treated conservatively. Oncotarget. 2018;9:20555–20562.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI, Suardi N, et al. Comparison of nomograms with other methods for predicting outcomes in prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:4400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira DM, Fleshner NE, Freedland SJ. Baseline perineural invasion is associated with shorter time to progression in men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance: results from the REDEEM Study. J Urol. 2015;194:1258–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn JA, Dangle PP, Wang CE, et al. The prognostic significance of perineural invasion and race in men considering active surveillance. BJU Int. 2014;114:75–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordetsky JB, Nix JW, Rais-Bahrami S. Perineural invasion in prostate cancer is more frequently detected by multiparametric MRI targeted biopsy compared with standard biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40:490–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar