References
- Jha P, Ranson MK, Nguyen SN, et al. Estimates of global and regional smoking prevalence in 1995, by age and sex. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1002–1006.
- Jedrzejczak WW, Koziel M, Kochanek K, et al. Otoacoustic emissions in smoking and nonsmoking young adults. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;8:303–311.
- Negley C, Katbamna B, Crumpton T, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on distortion product otoacoustic emissions. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18:665–674.
- Giard MH, Collet L, Bouchet P, et al. Auditory selective attention in the human cochlea. Brain Res. 1994;633:353–356.
- de Boer J, Thornton ARD. Neural correlates of perceptual learning in the auditory brainstem: efferent activity predicts and reflects improvement at a speech-in-noise discrimination task. J Neurosci. 2008;28:4929–4937.
- Berlin CI, Hood LJ, Wen H, et al. Contralateral suppression of non-linear click-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Hear Res. 1993;71:1–11.
- Lowe GD, Drummond MM, Forbes CD, et al. The effects of age and cigarette-smoking on blood and plasma viscosity in men. Scott Med J. 1980;25:13–17.
- Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, et al. Cigarette smoking and hearing loss: the epidemiology of hearing loss study. JAMA. 1998;279:1715–1719.
- Gopal KV, Herrington R, Pearce J, et al. Analysis of auditory measures in normal hearing young male adult cigarette smokers using multiple variable selection methods with predictive validation assessments. Int J Otolaryngol. 2009;2009:745151.
- Gupta PP, Sood S, Atreja A, et al. Evaluation of brain stem auditory evoked potentials in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Thorac Med. 2008;3:128–134.
- Vinay SN. Effect of smoking on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010;37:299–302.
- Andéol G, Guillaume A, Micheyl C, et al. Auditory efferents facilitate sound localization in noise in humans. J Neurosci. 2011;31:6759–6763.
- Reiter ER, Liberman MC. Efferent-mediated protection from acoustic overexposure: relation to slow effects of olivocochlear stimulation. J Neurophysiol. 1995;73:506–514.
- Rajan R. Protective functions of the efferent pathways to the mammalian cochlea: a review. In: Salve RJ, editor. Noise induced hearing loss. St Louis: Mosby Yearbook; 1992. p. 429–444.
- Kumar UA, Vanaja CS. Functioning of olivocochlear bundle and speech perception in noise. Ear Hear. 2004;25:142–146.
- Carhart R, Jerger JF. Preferred method for clinical determination of pure-tone thresholds. J Speech Hear Disord. 1959;24:330–345.
- Yathiraj A, Vijayalakshmi CS. Phonemically balanced wordlist in Kannada. Mysore: University of Mysore; 2005.
- Khalfa S, Bougeard R, Morand N, et al. Evidence of peripheral auditory activity modulation by the auditory cortex in humans. Neuroscience. 2001;104:347–358.
- Harrison WA, Norton SJ. Characteristics of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children. Ear Hear. 1999;20:75–86.
- Nair PG, Jestina JJ, Unnikrishnan H, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on auditory function. Res Otolaryngol. 2016;5:9–15.
- Howard G, Wagenknecht LE, Burke GL, et al. Cigarette smoking and progression of atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. JAMA. 1998;279:119–124.