References
- Avert. HIV and AIDS in South Africa; 2020. Available from: https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/south-africa#footnote2_l7z7nwr
- UNAIDS. Ending AIDS: progress towards 90-90-90 targets; 2017. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/20170720_Global_AIDS_update_2017
- World Health Organization. HIV/AIDS. World Health Organization; 2019. Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheet/detail/hiv-aids
- Meel B, Kwizera E. Prevalence of HIV in the Mthatha area of South Africa, as estimated from the testing of rape victims. Med Sci Law. 2011;51(2):106–108.
- Kuhn L, Strehlau R, Shiau S, et al. Early antiretroviral treatment of infants to attain HIV remission. EClin Med. 2020;18(2020):100241.
- Hrapcak S, Kuper H, Bartlett P, et al. Hearing loss in HIV-infected children in Lilongwe, Malawi. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0161421.
- Torre P, Cook A, Elliott H, et al. Middle ear function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected South African children. J Paediatr Care Insight. 2016;1(1):13–17.
- Peter VZ, Paken J, Joseph L. An audiological profile of a cohort of school-aged children with HIV and AIDS attending an antiretroviral clinic in South Africa. S Afr J Commun Disord. 2020;67(1):e1–e9.
- World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report; 2018. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
- OR Tambo. OR Tambo District Municipality Socio-Economic Review. 2017. Available from: https://www.ecsecc.org/documentrepository/informationcentre/o-r-tambo-district-municipality_34313.pdf
- Khoza-Shangase K. 2018. Contextually relevant audiology services for low- and middle-income countries. Paper presented at the 34th World Congress of Audiology, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Phanguphangu M. Otoscopic examinations reveal high prevalence of outer and middle ear pathologies in paediatrics in Limpopo, South Africa. Int J Audiol. 2017;56(4):215–218.
- Butler I. Identification and management of childhood hearing loss. Contin Med Educ. 2012;30(9):314–317.
- Tomblin B, Harrison M, Ambrose S, et al. Language outcomes in young children with mild to severe hearing loss. Ear Hear. 2015;36 (Suppl 1):76S–91S.
- Halliday LF, Tuomainen O, Rosen S. Language development and impairment in children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017;60(6):1551–1567.
- Emmett SD, Francis HW. The socioeconomic impact of hearing loss in US adults. Otol Neurotol. 2015;36(3):545–550.
- Leedy PD, Ormrod JE. 2015. Practical research: planning and design. 11th ed. Boston (MA): Pearson Education, Inc.
- Mahomed-Asmail F, Swanepoel DW, Eikelboom RH. Diagnostic hearing assessment in schools: validity and time efficiency of automated audiometry. J Am Acad Audiol. 2016;27(1):42–48.
- World Health Organization. Grades of hearing impairment. World Health Organization; n.d. Available from: https://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/hearing_impairment_grades/en/
- Phanguphangu M. Practice patterns of South African audiologists in cerumen management: a pilot study. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(9):703–709.
- Subha ST, Raman R. Role of impacted cerumen in hearing loss. Ear Nose Throat J. 2006;85(10):650–653.
- Hydri AS, Siddiqui F. Hearing loss due to different types of impacted cerumen. Ann Otolaryngol Rhinol. 2016;3(2):1087.
- Eaton D. Complications of otitis media. 2019. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/860323-overview
- Harmes KM, Blackwood RA, Burros HL, et al. Otitis media: diagnosis and treatment; 2013. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/1001/p435.html
- Theunissen SCPM, Rieffe C, Kouwenberg M, et al. Behavioral problems in school-aged hearing-impaired children: the influence of sociodemographic, linguistic, and medical factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;23(4):187–196.
- Hernández-Walias F, Ruiz-de-León MJ, Rosado-Sánchez I, et al. New signatures of poor CD4 cell recovery after suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected individuals: involvement of miR-192, IL-6, sCD14 and miR-144. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2937.
- Pacheco YM, Jarrin I, Rosado I, et al. Increased risk of non-AIDS-related events in HIV subjects with persistent low CD4 counts despite cART in the CoRIS cohort. Antivir Res. 2015;117:69–74.
- Palacios GC, Montalvo MS, Fraire MI, et al. Audiologic and vestibular findings in a sample of human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected Mexican children under highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(11):1671–1681.