58
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The impact of planned preemptive focus on form on Iranian EFL learners’ essay writing ability

&
Pages 234-245 | Received 04 Aug 2015, Accepted 30 Nov 2015, Published online: 24 Feb 2016

References

  • Aidinlou, N., Esfandiariasl, S., & Siyamaknia, N. (2012). The effect of form-focused instruction and feedback on Iranian EFL learners’ learning of determiners. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2, 11121–11130.
  • Bitchener, J. (2008). Evidence in support of written corrective feedback. Journal of Second Language Writing, 17, 102–118.10.1016/j.jslw.2007.11.004
  • Brinton, D., & Holten, C. (1989). What novice teachers focus on: The practicum in TESL. TESOL Quarterly, 23, 343–350.10.2307/3587356
  • Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. New York, NY: Longman.
  • Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching. New York, NY: Pearson Education.
  • Doughty, C., & Williams, J. (1998). Pedagogical choices in focus on form. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 197–261). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ellis, R. (2001). Introduction: Investigating form-focused instruction. Language Learning, 51(1), 1–46.10.1111/lang.2001.51.issue-s1
  • Ellis, R. (2008). The study of second language acquisition (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ellis, R. (2009). A typology of written corrective feedback types. ELT Journal, 63, 97–107.
  • Ellis, R., Basturkmen, H., & Loewen, S. (2001). Preemptive focus on form in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 35, 407–432.10.2307/3588029
  • Ellis, R., Basturkmen, H., & Loewen, S. (2002). Doing focus on form. System, 30, 419–432.10.1016/S0346-251X(02)00047-7
  • Ferris, D. (1999). The case for grammar correction in L2 writing classes: A response to Truscott (1996). Journal of Second Language Writing, 8(1), 1–11.10.1016/S1060-3743(99)80110-6
  • Ferris, D., & Roberts, B. (2001). Error feedback in L2 writing classes. Journal of Second Language Writing, 10, 161–184.10.1016/S1060-3743(01)00039-X
  • Foster, P., & Skehan, P. (1996). The influence of planning and task type on second language performance. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 299–323.10.1017/S0272263100015047
  • Frantzen, D. (1995). The effects of grammar supplementation on written accuracy in an intermediate Spanish content course. The Modern Language Journal, 79, 329–344.10.1111/modl.1995.79.issue-3
  • Gholami, J. (2009). Incidental focus on form in English language teaching: Reactive and preemptive focus on form practices, and uptake in EFL classes. Berlin: VDM Verlag.
  • Gholami, J. (2012). Building blocks of academic papers and essays. Urmia: Urmia University Press.
  • Gholami, J., & Bassirian, M. (2010). Incidental focus on form and uptake. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
  • Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2006). Feedback on second language students’ writing. Language Teaching, 39, 83–101.10.1017/S0261444806003399
  • IELTS writing band descriptors- public version. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.ieltsessentials.com/pdf/BandcoreDescriptorsSpeaking.pdf
  • IELTS Writing Mark Schemes. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_Writing_MarkSchemes.html
  • Johnson, K. (1992). Learning to teach: Instructional actions and decisions of preservice ESL teachers. TESOL Quarterly, 26, 507–534.10.2307/3587176
  • Kepner, C. G. (1991). An experiment in the relationship of types of written feedback to the development of second-language writing skills. The Modern Language Journal, 75, 305–313.10.1111/modl.1991.75.issue-3
  • Krashen, S. (1998). Comprehensible output. System, 26, 175–182.
  • Lalande, J. F. (1982). Reducing composition errors: An experiment. The Modern Language Journal, 66, 140–149.10.1111/modl.1982.66.issue-2
  • Long, M. (1988). Instructed interlanguage development. In L. Beebe (Ed.), Issues in second language acquisition: Multiple perspectives (pp. 115–141). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
  • Long, M. (1991). Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology. In K. de Bot, R. Ginsberg, & C. Kramsch (Eds.), Foreign language research in crosscultural perspective (pp. 39–52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil
  • Long, M. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of Language Acquisition, Vol. 2. Second language acquisition (pp. 413–468). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Lyster, R. (1998). Negotiation of form, recasts, and explicit correction in relation to error types and learner repair in immersion classrooms. Language Learning, 48, 183–218.10.1111/lang.1998.48.issue-2
  • Lyster, R., & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective feedback and learner uptake: Negotiation of form in communicative classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 37–66.
  • Mackey, A., Polio, C., & McDonough, K. (2004). The relationship between experience, education and teachers’ use of incidental focus-on-form techniques. Language Teaching Research, 8, 301–327.
  • Mehnert, U. (1998). The effects of different lengths of time for planning on second language performance. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 83–108.
  • Panahzadeh, V., & Gholami, J. (2014). The relative impacts of planned preemptive vs. delayed reactive focus on form on language learners’ lexical resource. The Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 4, 69–83.
  • Polio, C. (2003). Research on second language writing: An overview of what we investigate and how. In B. Kroll (Ed.), Exploring the dynamics of second language writing (pp. 35–66). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139524810
  • Polio, C., Fleck, Catherine, & Leder, N. (1998). “If I only had more time:” ESL learners’ changes in linguistic accuracy on essay revisions. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7, 43–68.10.1016/S1060-3743(98)90005-4
  • Richards, J. C., & Sandy, C. (2008). Passages 2 (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmidt, R. (1993). Awareness and second language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, 206–226.
  • Sheen, Y. (2007). The effect of focused written corrective feedback and language aptitude on ESL learners’ acquisition of articles. TESOL Quarterly, 41, 255–283.10.1002/tesq.2007.41.issue-2
  • Skehan, P. (1998). A cognitive approach to language learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Swain, M. (1995). Three functions of ouput in second language learning. In G. Cook & B.Seidhofer, (Eds.), Principles and practice in the study of language. Studies in honor of H.G. Widdowson (pp. 125–144). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Truscott, J. (1996). The case against grammar correction in L2 writing classes. Language Learning, 46, 327–369.10.1111/lang.1996.46.issue-2
  • Truscott, J., & Hsu, A. Y. (2008). Error correction, revision, and learning. Journal of Second Language Writing, 17, 292–305.10.1016/j.jslw.2008.05.003
  • Van Beuningen, C. G., De Jong, N. H., & Kuiken, F. (2008). The Effect of Direct and Indirect Corrective Feedback on L2 Learner’s Written Accuracy. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 156, 279–296.10.2143/ITL.156.0.2034439
  • Van Patten, B. (2007). Input processing in adult second language acquisition. In B. Van Patten & J. Williams (Eds.), Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction (pp. 115–135). London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.