Political citizens, consumers, or passive patients? Imagined audiences in the complementary medicine debate

References

• Abbott, A. D. (1988). The system of professions: An essay on the division of expert labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Abraham, J. (1994). Bias in science and medical knowledge: The Opren controversy. Sociology, 28(3), 717–736.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams, J., Andrews, G. J., Barnes, J., Broom, A., & Magin, P. (2012). Traditional, Complementary and integrative medicine: An international reader. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Allan, S. (2004). News culture. Berkshire, GBR: McGraw-Hill Education.
   Google Scholar
• Boorstin, D. J. (1971). The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Atheneum.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu P. (1981). The specificity of the scientific field. In: C. Lemert (Ed.), French Sociology (pp. 257–292). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, C. L., & Hallin, D. C. (2007). Biocommunicability: The neoliberal subject and its contradictions in news coverage of health issues. Social Text, 25(4), 43–66.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, C. L., & Hallin, D. C. (2016). Making health public: How news coverage is remaking media, medicine, and contemporary life. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, C. L., & Nichter, M. (2009). Biocommunicability and the biopolitics of pandemic threats. Medical Anthropology, 28(3), 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosnan, C. (2015). ‘Quackery’ in the academy? Professional knowledge, autonomy and the debate over complementary medicine degrees. Sociology, 49(6), 1047–1064.
   Google Scholar
• Brosnan, C. (2017). Bourdieu and the future of knowledge in the university. In L. Adkins, C. Brosnan, & S. Threadgold (Eds.), Bourdieusian prospects (pp. 49–70). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brosnan, C., Vuolanto, P., & Danell, J.-A. B. (2018). Introduction: Reconceptualising complementary and alternative medicine as knowledge production and social transformation. In C. Brosnan, P. Vuolanto, & J.-A. B. Danell (Eds.), Complementary and alternative medicine: Knowledge production and social transformation (pp. 1–29). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell, E. F. (2017). Quackademia? Mass-media delegitimation of homeopathy education. Science as Culture, 26(3), 380–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cano-Orón, L. (2019). A Twitter campaign against pseudoscience: The sceptical discourse on complementary therapies in Spain. Public Understanding of Science, 28(6), 679–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerritelli, F., Verzella, M., Cicchitti, L., D’Alessandro, G., & Vanacore, N. (2016). The paradox of sham therapy and placebo effect in osteopathy A systematic review. Medicine, 95(35), e4728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, A. E., Shim, J. K., Mamo, L., Fosket, J. R., & Fishman, J. R. (2003). Biomedicalization: Technoscientific transformations of health, illness, and U.S. biomedicine. American Sociological Review, 68(2), 161–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, N. (2008). Flat earth news: An award-winning reporter exposes falsehood, distortion and propaganda in the global media. London: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Derkatch, C. (2016). Bounding biomedicine: Evidence and rhetoric in the new science of alternative medicine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deuze, M. (2011). Media life. Media, Culture & Society, 33(1), 137–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doel, M. A., & Segrott, J. (2003). Beyond belief? Consumer culture, complementary medicine, and the dis-ease of everyday life. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 21(6), 739–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenreich, B., & Ehrenreich, J. (1970). The American health empire: Power, profits and politics. New York: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1997). Society must be defended: Lectures at the College de France 1976-76 ( D. Macey, Trans. M. Bertani & A. Fontana Eds.). New York: Picador.
   Google Scholar
• Freidson, E. (1970). Profession of medicine: A study of the sociology of applied knowledge. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Freidson, E. (1986). Professional powers: A study in the institutionalization of formal knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gale, N. (2014). The sociology of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. Sociology Compass, 8(6), 805–822.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gans, H. J. (2003). Democracy and the news. Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gieryn, T. F. (1999). Cultural boundaries of science: Credibility on the line. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hallin, D. C., Brandt, M., & Briggs, C. L. (2013). Biomedicalization and the public sphere: Newspaper coverage of health and medicine, 1960s-2000s. Social Science & Medicine, 96, 121–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallin, D. C., & Briggs, C. L. (2015). Transcending the medical/media opposition in research on news coverage of health and medicine. Media, Culture & Society, 37(1), 85–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, K. (2017). Digital media and models of biocommunicability in health journalism: Insights from the production and reception of mental health news. Australian Journalism Review, 39(2), 67–77.
   Google Scholar
• Holsti, O. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson-Cartee, K. S. (2005). News narratives and news framing. Lanham, US: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger, J. (1999). A sociology of media power: Key issues in audience reception research. In G. Philo (Ed.), Message received: Glasgow Media Group research 1993–1998 (pp. 3–20). Harlow: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Beverley Hills: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, T. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (2011a). Herbal medicine and risk constructions: Representations in Australian print media (PhD thesis). Southern Cross University, Lismore. Retrieved from http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/247/
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (2011b). Risk and efficacy in biomedical media representations of herbal medicine and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Journal of Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 16(3), 210–217.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (2015). CAM products, practitioners, and the state - perspectives on ‘risk’ and ‘protection of the public’ in the Australian media. In J. McHale & N. Gale (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of complementary and alternative medicine (pp. 159–179). London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (2019). De-legitimising complementary medicine: Framings of the friends of science in medicine-CAM medicine-CAM debate in Australian media reports. Sociology of Health & Illness, 41(5), 831–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M., & Flood, J. (2019). Communicating cannabis: Biomedical framings in practitioner publications. Paper presented at IAMCR 2019: Communication, Technology and Human Dignity: Disputed Rights, Contested Truths, Madrid, Spain, 7–11 July 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M., Orrock, P., & Myers, S. (2010). Uncritical reverence in CM reporting: Assessing the scientific quality of Australian news media reports. Health Sociology Review 19, 57–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacArtney, J. I., & Wahlberg, A. (2014). The problem of complementary and alternative medicine use today: Eyes half closed? Qualitative Health Research, 24(1), 114–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martyr, P. (1993). Protectors of the public?: Medical orthodoxy and the suppression of alternative practice in Western Australia, 1870–1914. Studies in Western Australian History 14, 149–168.
   Google Scholar
• Martyr, P. (2002). Paradise of quacks: An alternative history of medicine in Australia. Sydney: Macleay Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, T. J., Zhang, H., Anderson, G., & Alexander, G. C. (2018). Estimated costs of pivotal trials for novel therapeutic agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 2015–2016. JAMA Internal Medicine, 178(11), 1451–1457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbet, M. C., & Fahy, D. (2015). The need for knowledge-based journalism in politicized science debates. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 658(1), 223–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, R., Steel, A., Wardle, J., et al. (2016). Complementary medicine use by the Australian population: A critical mixed studies systematic review of utilisation, perceptions and factors associated with use. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16, 176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relman, A. (1980). The new medical-industrial complex. New England Journal of Medicine, 303(17), 963–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. (2001). The politics of life itself. Theory, Culture & Society, 18(6), 1–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, N. (2007). Politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton, N.J;Oxford: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saks, M. (2003). Orthodox and alternative medicine: Politics, professionalisation, and health care. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Saks, M. (2012). Defining a profession: The role of knowledge and expertise. Professions & Professionalism, 2(1), 1–10. Retrieved from http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30970
   Google Scholar
• Scheid, V. (1993). Orientalism revisited: Reflections on scholarship, research and professionalism. European Journal of Oriental Medicine, 1(2), 23–31.
   Google Scholar
• Seale, C. (2003a). Health and media: An overview. Sociology of Health & Illness, 25(6), 513–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seale, C. (2003b). Media and health. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle, J., & Adams, J. (2013). Are the CAM professions engaging in high-level health and medical research? Trends in publicly funded complementary medicine research grants in Australia. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21(6), 746–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society: An outline of intepretive sociology. New York: Bedminster Press.
   Google Scholar
• Winnick, T. A. (2005). From quackery to “complementary” medicine: The American medical profession confronts alternative therapies. Social Problems, 52(1), 38–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohl, S. (1984). The medical-industrial complex. New York: Harmony Books.
   Google Scholar