Comparison of dexmedetomidine, pethidine and tramadol in the treatment of post-neuraxial anaesthesia shivering

References

• Larry JC, Donal JB. Shivering and neuraxial anaesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33:241–52.
   Google Scholar
• Federico B, Paolo P, Raffaele S, et al. Nefopam and tramadol for the prevention of shivering during neuraxial anaesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27:380–4.
   Google Scholar
• Kurz A, Sessler DI, Schroeder M, et al. Thermoregulatory response thresholds during spinal anaesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1993;1993(77):721–6.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai YC, Chu KS. A comparison of tramadol, amitriptyline, and meperidine for postepidural anesthetic shivering in parturients. Anesth Analg. 2001;93:1288–92.10.1097/00000539-200111000-00052
   Google Scholar
• Imrie MM, Hall GM. Body temperature and anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1990;64(3):346–54.10.1093/bja/64.3.346
   Google Scholar
• Elvan EG, Öç B, Uzun Ş, et al. Dexmedetomidine and postoperative shivering in patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Anaesth. 2008;25:357–64.10.1017/S0265021507003110
   Google Scholar
• De Witte JL, Kim JS, Sessler DI, et al. Tramadol reduces the sweating, vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesth Analg. 1998;87:173–9.
   Google Scholar
• Chan AM, Ng KF, Nung Tong EW, et al. Control of shivering under regional anesthesia in obstetric patients with tramadol. Can J Anaesth. 1999;46:253–8.10.1007/BF03012605
   Google Scholar
• Kurz M, Belani KG, Sessler DI, et al. Naloxone, meperidine, and shivering. Anesthesiology. 1993;79:1193–201.10.1097/00000542-199312000-00009
   Google Scholar
• Kurz A, Ikeda T, Sessler DI, et al. Meperidine decreases the shivering threshold twice as much as the vasoconstriction threshold. Anesthesiology. 1997;86:1046–54.10.1097/00000542-199705000-00007
   Google Scholar
• Bicer C, Esmaoglu A, Akin A, et al. Dexmedetomidine and meperidine prevent postanaesthetic shivering. Eur J Anaesth. 2006;23:149–53.10.1017/S0265021505002061
   Google Scholar
• Blaine Easley R, Brady KM, Tobias JD. Dexmedetomidine for the treatment of postanesthesia shivering in children. Pediatric Anaesth. 2007;17(4):341–6.10.1111/pan.2007.17.issue-4
   Google Scholar
• Crossley AWA, Mahajan RP. The intensity of postoperative shivering is unrelated to axillary temperature. Anaesthesia. 1994;49:205–7.
   Google Scholar
• Sagir O, Gulhas N, Toprak H, et al. Control of shivering during regional anaesthesia: prophylactic ketamine and granisetron. Acta Anaesthesiol Scan. 2007;51:44–9.10.1111/aas.2007.51.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Bilotta F, Pietropaoli P, Sanita R, et al. Nefopam and tramadol for the prevention of shivering during neuraxial anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27:380–4.
   Google Scholar
• El-Tahir K. Dexmedetomidine a sedative-analgesic drug for the 21st century. M.E.J. Anesth. 2002;16(6):577–85.
   Google Scholar
• Doufas AG, Lin CM, Suleman MI, et al. Dexmedetomidine and meperidine additively reduce the shivering threshold in humans. Stroke. 2003;34:1218–23.10.1161/01.STR.0000068787.76670.A4
   Google Scholar
• Talke P, Tayefeh F, Sessler DI, et al. Dexmedetomidine does not alter the sweating threshold, but comparably and linearly decreases the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1997;87:835–41.10.1097/00000542-199710000-00017
   Google Scholar
• Talke P, Richardson CA, Scheinin M, et al. Postoperative pharmacokinetics and sympatholytic effects of dexmedetomidine. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:1136–42.
   Google Scholar
• Horn EP, Standl T, Sessler DI, et al. Physostigmine prevents postanesthetic shivering as does meperidine or clonidine. Anesthesiology. 1998;88:108–13.10.1097/00000542-199801000-00018
   Google Scholar
• Wang JJ, Ho ST, Lee SC, et al. A comparison among naluphine, meperidine and placebo for treating post anaesthetic shivering. Anesth Analg. 1999;88:686–9.
   Google Scholar
• Bhatnagar S, Saxena A, Kannan TR, et al. Tramadol for post-operative shivering. A double blind comparison with pethidine. Anaesth Intens Care. 2001;29:149–54.
   Google Scholar
• Seifi A, Avestimehr S, Mowla A, et al. Comparative study of the effect of tramadol and pethidine on postoperative shivering. J Anesth. [ Internet]. 2008 [ cited 2012 Apr 25];16(2). Available from: http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-anesthesiology/volume-16-number-2/a-comparative-study-of-the-effect-of-tramadol-and-pethidine-on-postoperative-shivering.html
   Google Scholar
• Jaionen J, Hynynen M, Kuitunen A, et al. Dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjunct in coronary artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology. 1997;86(2):331–45.10.1097/00000542-199702000-00009
   Google Scholar
• Ebert TJ, Hall JE, Barney JA. The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:382–94.10.1097/00000542-200008000-00016
   Google Scholar
• Burhanettin U, Muhammet G, Adnan Y. Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(7):1187–91.
   Google Scholar
• Bhana N, Goa KL. Mc Clellan KJ. Dexmedetomidine. Drugs. 2000;59:263–8.
   Google Scholar