2,316
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The scrub typhus in mainland China: spatiotemporal expansion and risk prediction underpinned by complex factors

, , , , , , , , , , ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 909-919 | Received 07 Mar 2019, Accepted 26 Apr 2019, Published online: 24 Jun 2019

References

  • Silpapojakul K. Scrub typhus in the Western Pacific region. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1997;26:794–800.
  • Ha NY, Kim Y, Min CK, et al. Longevity of antibody and T-cell responses against outer membrane antigens of Orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6:e116.
  • Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, et al. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(Suppl 3):S203–S230. doi: 10.1086/596576
  • Zhang M, Wang XJ, Zhao ZT. Current epidemic status and issues on prevention and control of scrub typhus. Chin J Epidemiol. 2011;32:419–423.
  • Mathai E, Rolain JM, Verghese GM, et al. Outbreak of scrub typhus in southern India during the cooler months. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;990:359–364. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07391.x
  • Kweon SS, Choi J-S, Lim H-S, et al. Rapid increase of scrub typhus, South Korea, 2001–2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:1127–1129. doi: 10.3201/eid1507.080399
  • Parola P, Blacksell SD, Phetsouvanh R, et al. Genotyping of Orientia tsutsugamushi from humans with scrub typhus, Laos. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1483–1485. doi: 10.3201/eid1409.071259
  • Khuntirat B, Lerdthusnee K, Leepitakrat W, et al. Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from wild-caught rodents and chiggers in northern Thailand. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;990:205–212. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07364.x
  • Watt G, Parola P. Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003;16:429–436. doi: 10.1097/00001432-200310000-00009
  • Xiangrui C, Jinju W, Yongguo Z, et al. Recent studies on scrub typhus and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in Shandong Province – China. Euro J Epidemiol. 1991;7:304–306. doi: 10.1007/BF00145683
  • Yang YWJ, Yao Y. Investigation of the first scrub typhus epidemic in Shandong Province. Chin J Epidemiol. 1987;8:280.
  • Zhang WY, Wang L-Y, Ding F, et al. Scrub typhus in mainland China, 2006–2012: the need for targeted public health interventions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7:e2493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002493
  • Liu YX, Feng D, Suo JJ, et al. Clinical characteristics of the autumn-winter type scrub typhus cases in south of Shandong Province, northern China. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:82. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-82
  • Zhang S, Song H, Liu Y, et al. Scrub typhus in previously unrecognized areas of endemicity in China. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:1241–1244. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01784-09
  • Xu YQ. Recent progress on Trombiculidae and scrub typhus in China. Acta Acad Med Primea Shanghai. 1956;(1):55–58.
  • Yi YN, Han SR, Wang XT, et al. The epidemiology investigation of scrub typhus in northwest Fujian mountains area. J Fujian Med University. 1959;(1):83–92.
  • Wei ZM, Fu LS. Epidemiology investigation of scrub typhus in Yunnan. Med Pharm Yunnan. 1981;(5):28–32.
  • Wu YJ, Wang CM, Zhao ZG, et al. Epidemiology and clinical characters of scrub typhus in Hainan Island. Guangdong Med J. 1985;(8):45–46.
  • Chen XL. First identification of the endemic of scrub typhus in Shandong. Bull Acad Mil Med Sciences. 1987;(2):140.
  • Jiang RJ, Su DM. First identification of scrub typhus case in Jiangsu. Chin J Zoonoses. 1989;(1):53.
  • Hu LM, Lu ZX, Cai ZL, et al. The isolation and identification of Rickettsiae tsutsugamushi in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. J Microbiol. 1995;(1):34–36.
  • Guo XH, Zhao YG, Yang CG. Relationship between geographic characteristics and prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease in northeast provinces in China. Chin J Public Health. 1999;(5):38–39.
  • Tao KH, Wu GH, Guo HB. A review and forecast of the epidemiology study on scrub typhus in Chinese military. J Prev Med Chin PLA. 2003;(3):157–160.
  • Zhang Y, Wu GH, Deng XZ, et al. Relationship between geographic characteristics and prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease in southeastern coastal areas of China. Chin J Public Health. 2010;(2):174–175.
  • Fang LQ, de Vias SJ, Liang S, et al. Environmental factors contributing to the spread of H5N1 avian influenza in mainland China. PLoS One. 2008;175:890–897.
  • Xing W, Liao Q, Viboud C, et al. Hand, foot, and mouth disease in China, 2008–12: an epidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:308–318. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70342-6
  • Rabe-Hesketh S, Everitt B. A handbook of statistical analyses using STATA. 3rd ed. New York: CRC Press; 2006.
  • Yu H, Sun C, Liu W, et al. Scrub typhus in Jiangsu Province, China: epidemiologic features and spatial risk analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:372. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3271-x
  • Sun Y, Wei Y-H, Yang Y, et al. Rapid increase of scrub typhus incidence in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006–2014. BMC Infect Dis 2017;17:13. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-2153-3
  • Zheng C, Jiang D, Ding F, et al. Spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors for scrub typhus from 2007 to 2017 in southern China. Clin Infect Dis. 2018. PII:5237562. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciy1050.
  • Liu YX, Wu QY, Yang ZQ, et al. Investigation on epidemiology and affecting factors of autumn-winter type scrub typhus in Fei County, Shandong Province. Dis Surveillance. 1999;14:48–52.
  • Wu GH. The investigation of vector chigger mites of tsutsugamushi disease in China. Chin J Vector Bio Control. 2005;16:485–487.
  • Li WH, Dou XF, Zhang LQ, et al. Laboratory diagnosis and genotype identification of scrub typhus from Pinggu District, Beijing, 2008 and 2010. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013;89:123–129. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0728
  • Wu GH, Wang CJ, Li BJ, et al. General situation on studies of animal hosts of tsutsugamushi disease in China. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip. 2013;(5):370–373.
  • Kim SH, Jang JY. Correlations between climate change-related infectious diseases and meteorological factors in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43:436–444. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.436
  • Lyu Y, Tian L, Zhang L, et al. A case-control study of risk factors associated with scrub typhus infection in Beijing, China. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e63668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063668
  • Zhang M, Zhao Z-T, Wang X-J, et al. Mixed scrub typhus genotype, Shandong, China, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:484–485. doi: 10.3201/eid2003.121349
  • Polo G, Mera Acosta C, Labruna MB, et al. Hosts mobility and spatial spread of Rickettsia rickettsii. PLoS Comput Biol. 2018;14:e1006636. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006636
  • Rogers DJ, Packer MJ. Vector-borne diseases, models, and global change. Lancet. 1993;342:1282–1284. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92367-3
  • Chen LX, Zhu WQ, Wang W, et al. Studies on climate change in China in recent 45 years. Acta Meteorol Sin. 1998;(1):1–17.
  • Van Peenen PF, Lien JC, Santana FJ, et al. Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of scrub typhus. J Parasitol. 1976;62:653–654. doi: 10.2307/3279442
  • Clopton RE, Gold RE. Distribution and seasonal and diurnal activity patterns of Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Acari: Trombiculidae) in a forest edge ecosystem. J Med Entomol. 1993;30:47–53. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.1.47
  • Yang LP, Liang S-Y, Wang X-J, et al. Burden of disease measured by disability-adjusted life years and a disease forecasting time series model of scrub typhus in Laiwu, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e3420. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003420
  • Kuo CC, Huang JL, Ko CY, et al. Spatial analysis of scrub typhus infection and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan. Acta Trop. 2011;120:52–58. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.05.018
  • Wei Y, Luo L, Jing Q, et al. A city park as a potential epidemic site of scrub typhus: a case-control study of an outbreak in Guangzhou, China. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:513.
  • Park SW, Ha N-Y, Ryu B, et al. Urbanization of scrub typhus disease in South Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003814. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003814