The native European Aedes geniculatus mosquito species can transmit chikungunya virus

References

• Pulmanausahakul R, Roytrakul S, Auewarakul P, et al. Chikungunya in Southeast Asia: understanding the emergence and finding solutions. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15:e671–e676. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2011.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pialoux G, Gauzere BA, Jaureguiberry S, et al. Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:319–327. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70107-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adhami J, Reiter P. Introduction and establishment of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) in Albania. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1998;14:340–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Mosquito maps [internet]. 2018 . https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/surveillance-and-disease-data/mosquito-maps.
   Google Scholar
• Gossner CM, Ducheyne E, Schaffner F. Increased risk for autochthonous vector-borne infections transmitted by Aedes albopictus in continental Europe. Euro Surveill. 2018;23:1–6. DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.24.1800268.
   Google Scholar
• Delisle E, Rousseau C, Broche B, et al. Chikungunya outbreak in Montpellier, France, September to October 2014. Euro Surveill. 2015;20:21108. DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.17.21108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaffner F, Medlock JM, Van Bortel W. Public health significance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:685–692. DOI:10.1111/1469-0691.12189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckerle I, Briciu VT, Ergönül Ö, et al. Emerging souvenirs – clinical presentation of the returning traveller with imported arbovirus infections in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24:240–245. DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffner F, Kaufmann C, Pflüger V, et al. Rapid protein profiling facilitates surveillance of invasive mosquito species. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:142–142. DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-7-142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates M. The biology of the tree-hole breeding mosquito Aedes geniculatus (olivier)(diptera: Culicidae) in southern England. Bull Entomol Res. 1979;69:611–628. doi: 10.1017/S0007485300020162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley WA. The biology of Aedes albopictus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc Suppl. 1988;1:1–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaffner F. The mosquitoes of Europe, an identification and training programme. Montpellier: IRD; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar NP, Joseph R, Kamaraj T, et al. A226 V mutation in virus during the 2007 chikungunya outbreak in Kerala, India. J Gen Virol. 2008;89:1945–1948. DOI:10.1099/vir.0.83628-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuffenecker I, Iteman I, Michault A, et al. Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e263. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caro AD, Carletti F, Castilletti C, et al. Presence of the A226 V mutation in autochthonous and imported Italian chikungunya virus strains. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:428–429. doi: 10.1086/589925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne AF, Binduga-Gajewska I, Kauffman EB, et al. Quantitation of flaviviruses by fluorescent focus assay. J Virol Methods. 2006;134:183–189. DOI:10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons G, et al. High Incidence of chikungunya virus and Frequency of Viremic blood Donations during epidemic, Puerto Rico, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:1221–1228. DOI:10.3201/eid2207.160116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow A. Persistent arthralgia induced by chikungunya virus infection is associated with interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Infect Dis. 2011;203:149–157. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiq042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrulle M. Chikungunya virus and Aedes mosquitoes: saliva is infectious as soon as two days after oral infection. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e5895. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0005895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontaine A, Jiolle D, Moltini-Conclois I, et al. Excretion of dengue virus RNA by Aedes aegypti allows non-destructive monitoring of viral dissemination in individual mosquitoes. Sci Rep. 2016;6:24885. DOI:10.1038/srep24885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinze G, Schemper M. A solution to the problem of separation in logistic regression. Stat Med. 2002;21:2409–2419. DOI:10.1002/sim.1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hothorn T, Hornik K, van de Wiel MAV, et al. Implementing a class of permutation tests: the coin package. J Stat Softw. 2008;28:1–23. doi: 10.18637/jss.v028.i08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontaine A. Epidemiological significance of dengue virus genetic variation in mosquito infection dynamics. PLoS Path. 2018;14:e1007187. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King AA, Rowan T. Subplex: Unconstrained Optimization using the Subplex Algorithm. R package version 1.5–4. 2018; https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=subplex.
   Google Scholar
• Simon C. Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1994;87:651–701. doi: 10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews BJ, Dudchenko O, Kingan SB, et al. Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control. Nature. 2018;563:501–507. DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0692-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratnasingham S, Hebert PD. Bold: the barcode of life data system. Mol Ecol Notes. 2007;7:355–364. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994;22:4673–4680. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh JW, Bryant D. POPART: full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods Ecol Evol. 2015;6:1110–1116. DOI:10.1111/2041-210x.12410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 2014;30:1312–1313. DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanfear R, et al. Partitionfinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Mol Biol Evol. 2017;34:772–773. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msw260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambaut A. FigTree, version 1.4.3. Computer program distributed by the author. 2009. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/.1.4.3 ed2016.
   Google Scholar
• Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ. Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). Zool J Linn Soc. 2009;157:700–794. DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krüger A, Obermayr U, Czajka C, et al. COI sequencing for invasive mosquito surveillance in Germany reveals genetically divergent specimens near Aedes geniculatus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Euro Mosquito Cont Assoc. 2014;32:22–26.
   Google Scholar
• Weaver SC, Charlier C, Vasilakis N, et al. Zika, chikungunya, and other emerging vector-borne viral diseases. Annu Rev Med. 2018;69:395–408. DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-050715-105122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodhain F. Arboviruses also have an American dream. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2017;110:147–159. DOI:10.1007/s13149-017-0557-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Couto-Lima D. Potential risk of re-emergence of urban transmission of yellow fever virus in Brazil facilitated by competent Aedes populations. Sci Rep. 2017;7:4848. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05186-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organisation. UNWTO tourism Highlights. Madrid: UNWTO; 2018. DOI:10.18111/9789284419876.
   Google Scholar
• Llagonne-Barets M. A case of Mayaro virus infection imported from French Guiana. J Clin Virol. 2016;77:66–68. DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.02.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchand E. Autochthonous case of dengue in France, October 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20661. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.50.20661
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Penot P. Five cases of acute Zika virus infection in French women of reproductive age returning from Central and South America. Rev Med Interne. 2017;38:547–550. DOI:10.1016/j.revmed.2016.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duijster JW. Zika virus infection in 18 travellers returning from Surinam and the Dominican Republic, The Netherlands, November 2015–March 2016. Infection. 2016;44:797–802. DOI:10.1007/s15010-016-0906-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Smet B. Confirmed Zika virus infection in a Belgian traveler returning from Guatemala, and the diagnostic challenges of imported cases into Europe. J Clin Virol. 2016;80:8–11. DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachiller-Luque P. First case of imported Zika virus infection in Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2016;34:243–246. DOI:10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffner F, Fontenille D, Mathis A. Autochthonous dengue emphasises the threat of arbovirosis in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:1044. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70925-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsiodras S. Imported chikungunya fever case in Greece in June 2014 and public health response. Pathog Glob Health. 2016;110:68–73. DOI:10.1080/20477724.2016.1176311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbalaghi A, Moutailler S, Vazeille M, et al. Are Aedes albopictus or other mosquito species from northern Italy competent to sustain new arboviral outbreaks? Med Vet Entomol. 2010;24:83–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00853.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazeille M. Chikungunya: a risk for Mediterranean countries? Acta Trop. 2008;105:200–202. DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.09.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey LL, Failloux AB, Weaver SC. Chikungunya virus-vector interactions. Viruses. 2014;6:4628–4663. DOI:10.3390/v6114628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald G. Epidemiologic models in studies of vectorborne diseases. Public Health Rep. 1961;76:753–764. doi: 10.2307/4591271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lounibos LP, Kramer LD. Invasiveness of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and vectorial capacity for chikungunya virus. J Infect Dis. 2016;214:S453–S458. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiw285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran A. A rainfall- and temperature-driven abundance model for Aedes albopictus populations. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:1698–1719. DOI:10.3390/ijerph10051698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, et al. A single Mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector Specificity and epidemic potential. PLoS Path. 2007;3:e201. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y. Evolutionary enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Nature. 2017;545:482–486. DOI:10.1038/nature22365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severini F. Vector competence of Italian Aedes albopictus populations for the chikungunya virus (E1-226 V). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006435. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortuna C, Toma L, Remoli ME, et al. Vector competence of Aedes albopictus for the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) chikungunya viruses of the 2007 and 2017 outbreaks in Italy: a comparison between strains with and without the E1:A226 V mutation. Euro Surveill. 2018;23. DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.22.1800246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vega-Rua A, Zouache K, Caro V, et al. High efficiency of temperate Aedes albopictus to transmit chikungunya and dengue viruses in the Southeast of France. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e59716. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0059716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moutailler S, Barre H, Vazeille M, et al. Recently introduced Aedes albopictus in Corsica is competent to chikungunya virus and in a lesser extent to dengue virus. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14:1105–1109. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02320.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venturi G, Di Luca M, Fortuna C, et al. Detection of a chikungunya outbreak in Central Italy, August to September 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017;22. DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.39.17-00646.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calba C, Guerbois-Galla M, Franke F, et al. Preliminary report of an autochthonous chikungunya outbreak in France, July to September 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017;22. DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.39.17-00647.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fansiri T, Fontaine A, Diancourt L, et al. Genetic mapping of specific interactions between Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and dengue viruses. PLoS Genet. 2013;9:e1003621. DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight KL, Stone A. A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomol Soc Am 1977;611.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkerson RC. Making mosquito taxonomy useful: a stable classification of tribe Aedini that balances utility with current knowledge of evolutionary relationships. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0133602. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montarsi F. Distribution and habitat characterization of the recently introduced invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus [Hulecoeteomyia koreica], a new potential vector and pest in North-Eastern Italy. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:292. DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-6-292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhken R, Pfitzner WP, Börstler J, et al. Field evaluation of four widely used mosquito traps in Central Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:268. DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-7-268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradshaw WE, Holzapfel CM. Habitat segregation among European tree-hole mosquitoes. Natl Geogr Res. 1986;2:167–178.
   Google Scholar
• Goic B, Stapleford KA, Frangeul L, et al. Virus-derived DNA drives mosquito vector tolerance to arboviral infection. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12410. DOI:10.1038/ncomms12410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiskind MH, Westbrook CJ, Lounibos LP. Exposure to chikungunya virus and adult longevity in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). J Vector Ecol. 2010;35:61–68. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00059.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomasello D, Schlagenhauf P. Chikungunya and dengue autochthonous cases in Europe, 2007–2012. Travel Med Infect Dis 2013;11:274–284. DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medlock JM, Hansford KM, Schaffner F, et al. A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:435–447. DOI:10.1089/vbz.2011.0814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar