References
- WHO/OIE/FAO. Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1): updated nomenclature; 2012.
- de Vries E, Guo H, Dai M, et al. Rapid emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza subtypes from a subtype H5N1 hemagglutinin Variant. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 May;21(5):842–6. doi: 10.3201/eid2105.141927
- Aly MM, Arafa A, Hassan MK. Epidemiological findings of outbreaks of disease caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry in Egypt during 2006. Avian Dis. 2008 Jun;52(2):269–77. doi: 10.1637/8166-103007-Reg.1
- El-Shesheny R, Kandeil A, Bagato O, et al. Molecular characterization of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Egypt and the emergence of a novel endemic subclade. J Gen Virol. 2014 Jul;95(Pt 7):1444–63. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.063495-0
- Kayali G, Webby RJ, Ducatez MF, et al. The epidemiological and molecular aspects of influenza H5N1 viruses at the human-animal interface in Egypt. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(3):e17730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017730
- Kandeil A, Kayed A, Moatasim Y, et al. Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N8 viruses isolated from wild birds in Egypt. J Gen Virol. 2017 Jul 18.
- Selim AA, Erfan AM, Hagag N, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 infection in migratory birds, Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Jun;23(6):1048–51. doi: 10.3201/eid2306.162056
- OIE. Update on avian influenza in animals. 2017. Available from: http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public%5C..%5Ctemp%5Creports/en_fup_0000023232_20170314_163139.pdf.
- Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Maatouq AM, et al. Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between 2011 and 2013. Arch Virol. 2014 Jul 3.
- Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Maatouq A, et al. Novel reassortant H9N2 viruses in pigeons and evidence for antigenic diversity of H9N2 viruses isolated from quails in Egypt. J Gen Virol. 2017 Apr;98(4):548–62. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000657
- Kayali G, Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, et al. Active surveillance for avian influenza virus, Egypt, 2010–2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Apr;20(4):542–51. doi: 10.3201/eid2004.131295
- Monne I, Yamage M, Dauphin G, et al. Reassortant avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses with H9N2-PB1 gene in poultry, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Oct;19(10):1630–4. doi: 10.3201/eid1910.130534
- Iqbal M, Yaqub T, Reddy K, et al. Novel genotypes of H9N2 influenza A viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan containing NS genes similar to highly pathogenic H7N3 and H5N1 viruses. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(6):e5788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005788
- Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Maatouq A, et al. Novel reassortant H9N2 viruses in pigeons and evidence for antigenic diversity of H9N2 viruses isolated from quails in Egypt. J Gen Virol. 2016 Nov 11.
- Kayali G, El-Shesheny R, Kutkat MA, et al. Continuing threat of influenza (H5N1) virus circulation in Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Dec;17(12):2306–8. doi: 10.3201/eid1712.110683
- Kayali G, Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, et al. Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;22(3):379–88. doi: 10.3201/eid2203.150593
- Kayed AS, Kandeil A, El Shesheny R, et al. Active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Egyptian poultry, 2015. Eastern Mediterranean health journal=La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale=al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit. 2016 Oct 2;22(7):557–61.
- WHO. WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance. 2002 [cited December 12, 2011]; 2nd Edition:[Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_CDS_CSR_NCS_2002.5.pdf.
- CDC. CDC realtime RTPCR protocol for detection and characterization of influenza. 2007.
- Fereidouni SR, Starick E, Grund C, et al. Rapid molecular subtyping by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the neuraminidase gene of avian influenza A viruses. Vet Microbiol. 2009 Mar 30;135(3-4):253–60. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.077
- Hoffmann E, Stech J, Guan Y, et al. Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch Virol. 2001 Dec;146(12):2275–89. doi: 10.1007/s007050170002
- Edgar RC. Muscle: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(5):1792–7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh340
- Yang Z. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and likelihood methods. J Mol Evol. 1996 Feb;42(2):294–307. doi: 10.1007/BF02198856
- Drummond AJ, Suchard MA, Xie D, et al. Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Mol Biol Evol. 2012 Aug;29(8):1969–73. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mss075
- WHO. WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance. 2002. Available from: http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/documents/docs/manualonanimalaidiagnosisandsurveillance.pdf?ua=1.
- Cai Z, Zhang T, Wan XF. A computational framework for influenza antigenic cartography. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010;6(10):e1000949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000949
- Cai Z, Zhang T, Wan XF. Concepts and applications for influenza antigenic cartography. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2011 May;5(Suppl 1):204–7.
- Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model. 2006;190(3-4):231–59. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026
- Phillips SJ, Dudik M, Schapire RE. MaxEnt. 2011 [cited 2018]. Available from: www.cs.princeton.edu/%7Eschapire/maxent.
- Elith J, Graham C, Anderson RP, et al. Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data. Ecography. 2006;29:129–51. doi: 10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x
- Young SG, Carrel M, Malanson GP, et al. Predicting avian influenza Co-infection with H5N1 and H9N2 in northern Egypt. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Sep 6;13(9):886. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13090886
- Li XH, Tian HD, Heiner M, et al. Global occurrence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype H5N1. Avian Dis. 2011 Mar;55(1):21–8. doi: 10.1637/9306-031710-Reg.1
- Agency DM. Digital Chart of the World. 1992 [cited 2018]. Available from: www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/report/s5/s5Avii.html.
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) CU. Gridded Population of the World (GPW), v4 | SEDAC. 2017 [cited 2018].; Available from: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-density-rev10/docs.
- Beaudoing H, Rodell M, NASA/GSFC/HSL. GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 monthly 0.25 × 0.25 degree V2.0.; 2015.
- Rodell M, Houser PR, Jambor U, et al. The Global land data Assimilation system. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2004;85(3):381–94. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381
- C H. phyloclim: Integrating phylogenetics and climatic niche modelling. 2009;R package version 0.0.1.
- Warren DL, Glor RE, Turelli M. Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism: quantitative approaches to niche evolution. Evolution. 2008 Nov;62(11):2868–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00482.x
- Lemey P, Rambaut A, Drummond AJ, et al. Bayesian phylogeography finds its roots. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Sep;5(9):e1000520. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000520
- Bielejec F, Baele G, Vrancken B, et al. Spread3: Interactive Visualization of Spatiotemporal history and trait Evolutionary Processes. Mol Biol Evol. 2016 Aug;33(8):2167–9. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw082
- El-Shesheny R, Kayali G, Kandeil A, et al. Antigenic diversity and cross-reactivity of avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt between 2006 and 2011. J Gen Virol. 2012 Dec;93(Pt 12):2564–74. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.043299-0
- Lee MS, Jang EY, Cho J, et al. Development and comparison of two H5N8 influenza A vaccine candidate strains. Arch Virol. 2019 Jan;164(1):127–36. doi: 10.1007/s00705-018-4062-9
- Bahl J, Pham TT, Hill NJ, et al. Ecosystem Interactions Underlie the spread of avian influenza A viruses with pandemic potential. PLoS Pathog. 2016 May;12(5):e1005620. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005620
- Sun S, Wang Q, Zhao F, et al. Glycosylation site alteration in the evolution of influenza A (H1N1) viruses. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(7):e22844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022844
- Adel A, Arafa A, Hussein HA, et al. Molecular and antigenic traits on hemagglutinin gene of avian influenza H9N2 viruses: evidence of a new escape mutant in Egypt adapted in quails. Res Vet Sci. 2017 Jun;112:132–40. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.003
- Ghazi K, Ahmed K, Rabeh E-S, et al. Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt. Emerging Infectious Disease Journal. 2016;22(3.
- Salaheldin AH, El-Hamid HS, Elbestawy AR, et al. Multiple Introductions of influenza A(H5N8) virus into poultry, Egypt, 2017. Emerging Infect. Dis. 2018 May;24(5). doi: 10.3201/eid2405.171935