References
- Lefkowitz EJ, Dempsey DM, Hendrickson RC, et al. Virus taxonomy: the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses (ICTV). Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D708–D717. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx932
- Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 15;348(20):1967–1976. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030747
- van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med. 2004 Apr;10(4):368–373. doi: 10.1038/nm1024
- Woo PC, Lau SK, Chu CM, et al. Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia. J Virol. 2005 Jan;79(2):884–895. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005
- de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus study Group. J Virol. 2013 Jul;87(14):7790–7792. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01244-13
- Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel Coronavirus from patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727–733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
- Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Apr;5(4):536–544. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation reports: World Health Organization; [cited 2020 April 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
- Number of Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: Taiwan Centers for Disease Control; [cited 2020 April 14]. Available from: https://sites.google.com/cdc.gov.tw/2019-ncov/taiwan.
- Shu Y, McCauley J. GISAID: global initiative on sharing all influenza data - from vision to reality. Euro Surveill. 2017 Mar 30;22(13):30494. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30494
- Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill. 2020 Jan;25(3):2000045. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045
- Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2014 Aug 1;30(15):2114–2120. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170
- Kim D, Langmead B, Salzberg SL. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat Methods. 2015 Apr;12(4):357–360. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3317
- Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, et al. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol. 2012 May;19(5):455–477. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021
- Gong YN, Chen GW, Yang SL, et al. A next-generation sequencing data analysis pipeline for detecting unknown pathogens from mixed clinical samples and revealing their genetic diversity. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151495. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151495
- Wickham H. Ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2016.
- Kuraku S, Zmasek CM, Nishimura O, et al. Aleaves facilitates on-demand exploration of metazoan gene family trees on MAFFT sequence alignment server with enhanced interactivity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jul;41 (Web Server issue):W22–W28. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt389
- Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 2014 May 1;30(9):1312–1313. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
- Eden JS, Rockett R, Carter I, et al. An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran. Virus Evol. 2020 Jan;6(1):veaa027. doi: 10.1093/ve/veaa027
- Su YCF, Anderson DE, Young BE, et al. Discovery of a 382-nt deletion during the early evolution of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. 2020;2020.03.11.987222.
- Muth D, Corman VM, Roth H, et al. Attenuation of replication by a 29 nucleotide deletion in SARS-coronavirus acquired during the early stages of humanto-human transmission. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 11;8(1):15177. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33487-8
- Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, et al. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):281–292.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058
- Shang J, Ye G, Shi K, et al. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020 May;581(7807):221–224. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2179-y
- Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Apr;5(4):562–569. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y
- Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, et al. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2020 May;581(7807):215–220. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5
- Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020 Mar 13;367(6483):1260–1263. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2507
- Lau SY, Wang P, Mok BW, et al. Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants with deletions at the S1/S2 junction. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):837–842. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1756700
- Vankadari N, Wilce JA. Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):601–604. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1739565
- Hanada K, Suzuki Y, Gojobori T. A large variation in the rates of synonymous substitution for RNA viruses and its relationship to a diversity of viral infection and transmission modes. Mol Biol Evol. 2004 Jun;21(6):1074–1080. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msh109
- Eckerle LD, Lu X, Sperry SM, et al. High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants. J Virol. 2007 Nov;81(22):12135–12144. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01296-07
- Denison MR, Graham RL, Donaldson EF, et al. Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity. RNA Biol. 2011 Mar-Apr;8(2):270–279. doi: 10.4161/rna.8.2.15013
- Dickson RP, Huang YJ, Martinez FJ, et al. The lung microbiome and viral-induced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new observations, novel approaches. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Nov 15;188(10):1185–1186. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201309-1573ED
- Norskov-Lauritsen N. Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species with host specificity for humans. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014 Apr;27(2):214–240. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00103-13
- Molyneaux PL, Mallia P, Cox MJ, et al. Outgrowth of the bacterial airway microbiome after rhinovirus exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Nov 15;188(10):1224–1231. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201302-0341OC
- Hofstra JJ, Matamoros S, van de Pol MA, et al. Changes in microbiota during experimental human Rhinovirus infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 14;15:336. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1081-y
- Kosikowska U, Biernasiuk A, Rybojad P, et al. Haemophilus parainfluenzae as a marker of the upper respiratory tract microbiota changes under the influence of preoperative prophylaxis with or without postoperative treatment in patients with lung cancer. BMC Microbiol. 2016 Apr 6;16:62. doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0679-6
- Ou X, Zhou L, Huang H, et al. A severe case with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory pathogens. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 16;35:101672. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101672