References
- Langat P, Raghwani J, Dudas G, et al. Genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of Influenza B viruses on a global scale. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Dec;13(12):e1006749.
- Matias G, Taylor R, Haguinet F, et al. Estimates of mortality attributable to influenza and RSV in the United States during 1997-2009 by influenza type or subtype, age, cause of death, and risk status. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014 Sep;8(5):507–515.
- Adlhoch C, Snacken R, Melidou A, et al. Dominant influenza A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata virus circulation in EU/EEA, 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons, respectively. Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. 2018 Mar;23(13):18–00146.
- Center NI. The 49th week influenza monitoring weekly report. Weekly Influenza Surveillance Report. 2017;469:2–8.
- Subbarao EK, London W, Murphy BR. A single amino acid in the PB2 gene of influenza A virus is a determinant of host range. J Virol. 1993 Apr;67(4):1761–1764.
- Zhu W, Li L, Yan Z, et al. Dual E627 K and D701N mutations in the PB2 protein of A(H7N9) influenza virus increased its virulen5ce in mammalian models. Sci Rep. 2015 Sep 22;5(14170). DOI:10.1038/srep14170.
- Nilsson BE, Te Velthuis AJW, Fodor E. Role of the PB2 627 domain in influenza A virus polymerase Function. J Virol. 2017 Apr 1;91(7):e02467–16.
- Liu S, Zhu W, Feng Z, et al. Substitution of D701N in the PB2 protein could enhance the viral replication and pathogenicity of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018 May 2;7(1):75.
- Gabriel G, Dauber B, Wolff T, et al. The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18590–18595.
- Perez DR, Yamada S, Hatta M, et al. Biological and Structural Characterization of a host-Adapting amino acid in influenza virus. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(8):e1001034.
- Mehle A, Doudna JA. Adaptive strategies of the influenza virus polymerase for replication in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(50):21312–21316.
- Xiao C, Ma W, Sun N, et al. PB2-588V promotes the mammalian adaptation of H10N8, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19474.
- Zhu W, Feng Z, Chen Y, et al. Mammalian-adaptive mutation NP-Q357 K in Eurasian H1N1 Swine Influenza viruses determines the virulence phenotype in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):989–999.
- McCullers JA, Hoffmann E, Huber VC, et al. A single amino acid change in the C-terminal domain of the matrix protein M1 of Influenza B virus confers mouse adaptation and virulence. Virology. 2005 Jun 5;336(2):318–326.
- Bae JY, Lee I, Kim JI, et al. A single amino acid in the polymerase acidic protein determines the pathogenicity of Influenza B viruses. J Virol. 2018 Jul 1;92(13):e00259–18.
- Kim EH, Park SJ, Kwon HI, et al. Mouse adaptation of Influenza B virus increases replication in the upper respiratory tract and results in droplet transmissibility in ferrets. Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 3;5(15940). DOI:10.1038/srep15940.
- Petrova VN, Russell CA. The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018 Jan;16(1):47–60.
- Glezen W P, Schmier JK, Kuehn CM, et al. The burden of Influenza B: a structured literature review. Am J Public Health. 2013 Mar;103(3):e43–e51.
- Rota PA, Wallis TR, Harmon MW, et al. Cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type B virus since 1983. Virology. 1990 Mar;175(1):59–68.
- Yang J, Lau YC, Wu P, et al. Variation in Influenza B virus Epidemiology by lineage, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;24(8):1536–1540.
- Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016 Jul;33(7):1870–1874.
- Hoffmann E, Mahmood K, Yang CF, et al. Rescue of influenza B virus from eight plasmids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 20;99(17):11411–11416.
- Jackson D, Elderfield RA, Barclay WS. Molecular studies of influenza B virus in the reverse genetics era. J Gen Virol. 2011 Jan;92(Pt 1):1–17.
- Zhou B, Lin X, Wang W, et al. Universal influenza B virus genomic amplification facilitates sequencing, diagnostics, and reverse genetics. J Clin Microbiol. 2014 May;52(5):1330–1337.
- Ramakrishnan MA. Determination of 50% endpoint titer using a simple formula. World J Virol. 2016 May 12;5(2):85–86.
- Pan H, Zhang Y, Luo Z, et al. Autophagy mediates avian influenza H5N1 pseudotyped particle-induced lung inflammation through NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2014 Jan;306(2):L183–L195.
- Zhang J, Yu C, Zhang X, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive dysfunction, mediated by neuronal inflammation via activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Feb 9;15(1):37.
- Zhao J, Cao J, Yu L, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone resisted E. Coli O157:H7-induced inflammation via blocking the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways in mice. Cytokine. 2019 Dec 18;127:154955.
- Appavoo E, Hajam IA, Muneeswaran NS, et al. Synergistic effect of high-mobility group box-1 and lipopolysaccharide on cytokine induction in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Microbiol Immunol. 2016 Mar;60(3):196–202.
- Kong H, Ma S, Wang J, et al. Identification of key amino acids in the PB2 and M1 proteins of H7N9 influenza virus that affect its transmission in Guinea pigs. J Virol. 2019;94(1):e01180–19.
- Kobasa D, Jones SM, Shinya K, et al. Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus. Nature. 2007 Jan 18;445(7125):319–323.
- Lamichhane PP, Samarasinghe AE. The role of Innate Leukocytes during influenza virus infection. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:8028725.
- Burnham AJ, Armstrong J, Lowen AC, et al. Competitive fitness of influenza B viruses with neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant substitutions in a coinfection model of the human airway epithelium. J Virol. 2015 Apr;89(8):4575–4587.
- Sleeman K, Sheu TG, Moore Z, et al. Influenza B viruses with mutation in the neuraminidase active site, North Carolina, USA, 2010-11. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;17(11):2043–2046.
- Anderson CS, Ortega S, Chaves FA, et al. Natural and directed antigenic drift of the H1 influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk domain. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14614.
- Soh YS, Moncla LH, Eguia R, et al. Comprehensive mapping of adaptation of the avian influenza polymerase protein PB2 to humans. Elife. 2019 Apr 30;8:e45079.
- McAuley JL, Gilbertson BP, Trifkovic S, et al. Influenza virus neuraminidase structure and functions. Front Microbiol. 2019;10(39). DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00039.
- Lakdawala SS, Lamirande EW, Suguitan Jr AL, et al. Eurasian-origin gene segments contribute to the transmissibility, aerosol release, and morphology of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7(12):e1002443.
- Zhang X, Xu G, Wang C, et al. Enhanced pathogenicity and neurotropism of mouse-adapted H10N7 influenza virus are mediated by novel PB2 and NA mutations. J Gen Virol. 2017 Jun;98(6):1185–1195.
- Katinger D, Romanova J, Ferko B, et al. Effect of a single mutation in neuraminidase on the properties of Influenza B virus isolates. Arch Virol. 2004 Jan;149(1):173–181.