Validation and clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT)

References

• Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. FIND evaluation update: SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. FIND evaluation update: SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays https://www.finddx.org/covid-19/sarscov2-eval-immuno/ (2020).
   Google Scholar
• Meyer B, Torriani G, Yerly S, Mazza L, Calame A, Arm-Vernez I, Zimmer G, Agoritsas T, Stirnemann J, Spechbach H, et al. Validation of a commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serological immunoassay. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(10):1386–1394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassaunière R, Frische A, Harboe ZB, Nielsen AC, Fomsgaard A, Krogfelt KA, Jørgensen CS. Evaluation of nine commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. medRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.20056325
   Google Scholar
• GeurtsvanKessel CH, Okba NMA, Igloi Z, Bogers S, Embregts CWE, Laksono BM, Leijten L, Rokx C, Rijnders B, Rahamat-Langendoen J, et al. An evaluation of COVID-19 serological assays informs future diagnostics and exposure assessment. Nat Commun. 2020;11:3436. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17317-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, Takwoingi Y, Davenport C, Spijker R, Taylor-Phillips S, Adriano A, Beese S, Dretzke J, Ferrante di Ruffano L, et al. Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;(6):Art. No. CD013652. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes CO, West AP, Huey-Tubman KE, Hoffmann MAG, Sharaf NG, Hoffman PR, Koranda N, Gristick HB, Gaebler C, Muecksch F, et al. Structures of human antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal common epitopes and recurrent features of antibodies. Cell. 2020;182:828–842. e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan CW, Chia WN, Chen MI-C, Hu Z, Young BE, Tan Y-J, Yi Y, Lye DC, Anderson DE, Wang LF. A SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) based on antibody-mediated blockage of ACE2-spike (RBD) protein-protein interaction. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38:1073–1078. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0631-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS. Goldsmith JA, Hsieh C-L, Abiona O, Graham BS, McLellan JS. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020;367(6483):1260–1263. doi:10.1126/science.abb2507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu N-H, Nitsche A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2);271–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Beek J, Veenhoven RH, Bruin JP, van Boxtel RAJ, de Lange MMA, Meijer A, Sanders EAM, Rots NY, Luytjes W. Influenza-like illness incidence is not reduced by influenza vaccination in a cohort of older adults, despite effectively reducing laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:415–424. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger Rentsch M, Zimmer G. A vesicular stomatitis virus replicon-based bioassay for the rapid and sensitive determination of multi-species type I interferon. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e25858. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torriani G, Trofimenko E, Mayor J, Fedeli C, Moreno H, Michel S, Heulot M, Chevalier N, Zimmer G, Shrestha N, et al. Identification of Clotrimazole derivatives as specific inhibitors of Arenavirus fusion. J Virol. 2019;93. doi:10.1128/JVI.01744-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukushi S, Mizutani T, Saijo M, Matsuyama S, Miyajima N, Taguchi F, Itamura S, Kurane I, Morikawa S. Vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein. J Gen Virol. 2005;86:2269–2274. doi:10.1099/vir.0.80955-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijkers G, Murk J-L, Wintermans B, van Looy B, van den Berge M, Veenemans J, Stohr J, Reusken C, van der Pol P, Reimerink J. Differences in antibody kinetics and functionality between severe and mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. J Infect Dis. 2020: 1265. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervia C, Nilsson J, Zurbuchen Y, Valaperti A, Schreiner J, Wolfensberger A, Raeber ME, Adamo S, Emmenegger M, Hasler S, et al. Systemic and mucosal antibody secretion specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19. bioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.108308
   Google Scholar
• Muruato AE, Fontes-Garfias CR, Ren P, Garcia-Blanco MA, Menachery VD, Xie X, Shi P-Y. A high-throughput neutralizing antibody assay for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine evaluation. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4059. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17892-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zettl F, Meister TL, Vollmer T, Fischer B, Steinmann J, Krawczyk A, V'kovski P, Todt D, Steinmann E, Pfaender S, et al. Rapid quantification of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies using propagation-defective vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8:386. doi:10.3390/vaccines8030386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Vollmar P, Rothe C, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature. 2020;581:465–469. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzelak L, Temmam S, Planchais C, Demeret C, Tondeur L, Huon C, Guivel-Benhassine F, Staropoli I, Chazal M, Dufloo J, et al. A comparison of four serological assays for detecting anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum samples from different populations. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12:eabc3103. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abc3103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi X, Yan R, Zhang J, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Hao M, Zhang Z, Fan P, Dong Y, Yang Y, et al. A neutralizing human antibody binds to the N-terminal domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020;369:650–655. doi:10.1126/science.abc6952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan J, Yan X, Guo X, Cao W, Han W, Qi C, Feng J, Yang D, Gao G, Jin G. A human SARS-CoV neutralizing antibody against epitope on S2 protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;333:186–193. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Li W, Drabek D, Okba NMA, van Haperen R, Osterhaus ADME, van Kuppeveld FJM, Haagmans BL, Grosveld F, Bosch B-J. A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2251. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16256-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi Y, Haga S, Ishizaka Y, Mimori A. Autoantibodies to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in patients with connective tissue diseases. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:R85. doi:10.1186/ar3012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan P, Uhal BD. COVID-19–A theory of autoimmunity to ACE-2. MOJ Immunol. 2020;7:17–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singanayagam A, Patel M, Charlett A, Lopez Bernal J, Saliba V, Ellis J, Ladhani S, Zambon M, Gopal R. Duration of infectiousness and correlation with RT-PCR cycle threshold values in cases of COVID-19, England, January to May 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.2001483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Kampen JJA, van de Vijver DAMC, Fraaij PLA, Haagmans BL, Lamers MM, Okba N, van den Akker JPC, Endeman H, Gommers DAMPJ, Cornelissen JJ, et al. Shedding of infectious virus in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): duration and key determinants. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.20125310
   Google Scholar
• Oreshkova N, Molenaar RJ, Vreman S, Harders F, Oude Munnink BB, Hakze-van der Honing RW, Gerhards N, Tolsma P, Bouwstra R, Sikkema RS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, the Netherlands, April and May 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.23.2001005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar