Metformin attenuated sepsis-related liver injury by modulating gut microbiota

References

• DeMerle KM, Angus DC, Baillie JK, et al. Sepsis subclasses: a framework for development and interpretation. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(5):748–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchman TG, Simpson SQ, Sciarretta KL, et al. Sepsis among medicare beneficiaries: 1. The burdens of sepsis, 2012-2018. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(3):276–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajgenbaum DC, June CH. Cytokine storm. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2255–2273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, Figliuolo VR, et al. CD39 limits P2X7 receptor inflammatory signaling and attenuates sepsis-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2017;67(4):716–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda K, Littman DR. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease. Nature. 2016;535(7610):75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Ke Y, Zhan R, et al. Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes brain aging and cognitive impairment in mice. Aging Cell. 2018;17(4):e12768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Zhang J, Wang X, et al. Gut-liver crosstalk in sepsis-induced liver injury. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong S, Yan Z, Liu Z, et al. Intestinal microbiota mediates the susceptibility to polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury by granisetron generation in mice. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD). 2019;69(4):1751–1767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Li N, Fang H, et al. Enteric dysbiosis is associated with sepsis in patients. FASEB J Off Publ Federation American Soc Exp Biol. 2019;33(11):12299–12310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuijt TJ, Lankelma JM, Scicluna BP, et al. The gut microbiota plays a protective role in the host defence against pneumococcal pneumonia. Gut. 2016;65(4):575–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F, et al. The firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9(123).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, et al. Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature. 2012;488(7410):178–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampelli S, Candela M, Turroni S, et al. Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing. Aging. 2013;5(12):902–912.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buford TW, Carter CS, VanDerPol WJ, et al. Composition and richness of the serum microbiome differ by age and link to systemic inflammation. GeroScience. 2018;40(3):257–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabreiro F, Au C, Leung K-Y, et al. Metformin retards aging in C. elegans by altering microbial folate and methionine metabolism. Cell. 2013;153(1):228–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barzilai N, Crandall JP, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Metformin as a tool to target aging. Cell Metab. 2016;23(6):1060–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song YM, Lee YH, Kim JW, et al. Metformin alleviates hepatosteatosis by restoring SIRT1-mediated autophagy induction via an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. Autophagy. 2015;11(1):46–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moiseeva O, Deschênes-Simard X, St-Germain E, et al. Metformin inhibits the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by interfering with IKK/NF-κB activation. Aging Cell. 2013;12(3):489–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail Hassan F, Didari T, Khan F, et al. A review on the protective effects of metformin in sepsis-induced organ failure. Cell J. 2020;21(4):363–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse JB, DeFronzo RA, Rosenstock J, et al. The primary glucose-lowering effect of metformin resides in the gut, not the circulation: results from short-term pharmacokinetic and 12-week dose-ranging studies. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(2):198–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang A, Nagpal R, Yadav H. Bi-directional drug-microbiome interactions of anti-diabetics. EBioMedicine. 2019;39:591–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Esteve E, Tremaroli V, et al. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nat Med. 2017;23(7):850–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inghammar M, Sunden-Cullberg J. Prognostic significance of body temperature in the emergency department vs the ICU in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFronzo R, Fleming GA, Chen K, et al. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: current perspectives on causes and risk. Metabolism. 2016;65(2):20–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buford TW. (Dis)trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor R, Norvaisas P, Marinos G, et al. Host-microbe-drug-nutrient screen identifies bacterial effectors of metformin therapy. Cell. 2019;178(6):1299–312.e29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I, et al. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature. 2013;498(7452):99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forslund K, Hildebrand F, Nielsen T, et al. Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota. Nature. 2015;528(7581):262–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbere I, Kalnina I, Silamikelis I, et al. Association of metformin administration with gut microbiome dysbiosis in healthy volunteers. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0204317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryrup T, Thomsen CW, Kern T, et al. Metformin-induced changes of the gut microbiota in healthy young men: results of a non-blinded, one-armed intervention study. Diabetologia. 2019;62(6):1024–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhee SH. Lipopolysaccharide: basic biochemistry, intracellular signaling, and physiological impacts in the gut. Intest Res. 2014;12(2):90–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmadi S, Razazan A, Nagpal R, et al. Metformin reduces aging-related leaky gut and improves cognitive function by beneficially modulating gut microbiome/goblet cell/mucin axis. J Gerontol Ser A, Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(7):e9–e21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Yu Q, Gong CX. Molecular connection between diabetes and dementia. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1128:103–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornick S, Tawiah A, Chadee K. Roles and regulation of the mucus barrier in the gut. Tissue Barriers. 2015;3(1-2):e982426.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mouries J, Brescia P, Silvestri A, et al. Microbiota-driven gut vascular barrier disruption is a prerequisite for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development. J Hepatol. 2019;71(6):1216–1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Ding X, Liu S, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate acute lung injury and improve the gut microbiota in septic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong C, Gao R, Yan X, et al. Probiotics improve gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice fed a high-fat or high-sucrose diet. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif). 2019;60:175–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, et al. From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell. 2016;165(6):1332–1345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou D, Pan Q, Xin FZ, et al. Sodium butyrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by improving gut microbiota and gastrointestinal barrier. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(1):60–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly CJ, Zheng L, Campbell EL, et al. Crosstalk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function. Cell Host Microbe. 2015;17(5):662–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Lv L, Yan R, et al. Bifidobacterium longum R0175 protects rats against d-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure. mSphere. 2020;5(1).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh GY, Kane AV, Wu X, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis attenuates tumorigenesis, modulates inflammatory markers and promotes intestinal barrier integrity in azoxymethane-treated A/J mice. Carcinogenesis. 2020;41(7):909–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano H, Wu S, Sakao K, et al. Bilberry anthocyanins ameliorate NAFLD by improving dyslipidemia and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Nutrients. 2020;12(11).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh GY, Kane A, Lee K, et al. Parabacteroides distasonis attenuates toll-like receptor 4 signaling and Akt activation and blocks colon tumor formation in high-fat diet-fed azoxymethane-treated mice. Int J Cancer. 2018;143(7):1797–1805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zhao Y, Xu J, et al. Modulation of gut microbiota by berberine and metformin during the treatment of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Sci Rep. 2015;5:14405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Cuesta-Zuluaga J, Mueller NT, Corrales-Agudelo V, et al. Metformin is associated With higher relative abundance of mucin-degrading akkermansia muciniphila and several short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota in the gut. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):54–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titov AA, Baker HV. Metformin inhibits the type 1 IFN response in human CD4(+) T cells. J Immunol. 2019;203(2):338–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharath LP, Agrawal M, McCambridge G, et al. Metformin enhances autophagy and normalizes mitochondrial function to alleviate aging-associated inflammation. Cell Metab. 2020;32(1):44–55.e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo YP, Jiang L, Kang K, et al. Hemin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury, involving heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;20(1):24–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang H, Ding X, Yu Y, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate acute liver injury in rat model of CLP induced-sepsis via sTNFR1. Exp Cell Res. 2019;383(1):111465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas GM, Maffei VJ. PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38(6):685–688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar