SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and COVID-19 severity

References

• World Health Organization. COVID-19 natural immunity. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Natural_immunity-2021.1.
   Google Scholar
• To KK, Hung IF, Ip JD, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:e2946–ee2951. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall VJ, Foulkes S, Charlett A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN). Lancet. 2021;3997:1459–1469. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00675-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali AM, Ali KM, Fatah MH, et al. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in patients negative for immunoglobulin G following recovery from COVID-19. New Microbes New Infect. 2021;43:100926. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotoodeh Ghorbani S, Taherpoour N, Bayat S, et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of cases with reinfection, recurrence, and hospital readmission due to COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2022;94(1):44–53. doi:10.1002/jmv.27281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gautret P, Houhamdi L, Nguyen NN, et al. Does SARS-CoV-2 re-infection depend on virus variant? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(9):1374–1375. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.06.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouqui P, Colson P, Melenotte C, et al. COVID-19 re-infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(5):e13537. doi:10.1111/eci.13537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Word Population Review. Marseille popultaion 2022. 2022 [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/marseille-population.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigative criteria for suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (ICR) [cited 2021 Sep 4]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/invest-criteria.html.
   Google Scholar
• Colson P, Fournier P-E, Chaudet H, et al. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants from 24,181 patients exemplifies the role of globalization and zoonosis in pandemics. Medrxiv. 2021 [preprint]. doi: 10.1101/2021.09.10.21262922.
   Google Scholar
• Bedotto M, Fournier PE, Houhamdi L, et al. Implementation of an in-house real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for the rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 marseille-4 variant. J Clin Virol. 2021;139:104814. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H. Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics. 2018;34(18):3094–3100. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm E, Broberg EK, Connor T, et al. Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(32):2001410. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hadfield J, Megill C, Bell SM, et al. Nextstrain: real-time tracking of pathogen evolution. Bioinformatics. 2018;34(23):4121–4123. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, et al. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol. 2015;32(1):268–274. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Coyle P, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positivity protects against reinfection for at least seven months with 95% efficacy. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;35:100861. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100861.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bean DJ, Monroe J, Turcinovic J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associates with unstable housing and occurs in the presence of antibodies. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;ciab940. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab940.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flacco ME, Acuti Martellucci C, Soldato G, et al. Rate of reinfections after SARS-CoV-2 primary infection in the population of an Italian province: a cohort study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021;fdab346. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdab346.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen CH, Michlmayr D, Gubbels SM, et al. Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study. Lancet. 2021;397(10280):1204–1212. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministère des solidarité et. de la santé. La vaccination après une infection à la COVID-19. 2021 [Access 18 Novembre 2021]. Available from: https://solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks JT, Das S, Matanock A, et al. Characteristics of persons with secondary detection of SARS-CoV-2 ≥ 90 days after first detection – New Mexico. J Infect Dis. 2021;jiab448. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dao TL, Hoang VT, Nguyen NN, et al. Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants in Marseille, France. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(10):1516.e1–1516.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang VT, Colson P, Levasseur A, et al. Clinical outcomes in patients infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants at one hospital during three phases of the COVID-19 epidemic in Marseille, France. Infect Genet Evol. 2021;95:105092. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa. SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Update 26 Novembre 2021 [Internet]. Vol. 1, Global Challenges, pp. 33–46. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Update-of-SA-sequencing-data-from-GISAID-26-Nov_Final.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Pulliam JRC, van Schalkwyk C, Govender N, et al. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the omicron variant in South Africa. MedRxiv. 2021 [preprint]. doi: 10.1101/2021.11.11.21266068.
   Google Scholar