References
- COVID-19 dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). [assessed 2022 Jun 12]. Available from: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6[EB/OL]
- Outbreak.info. [assessed 2022 May 28]. Available from: https://outbreak.info/situation-reports/omicron
- Ai J, Wang X, He X, et al. Antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 sub-lineages. Cell Host Microbe. 2022;30(8):1077–1083.
- Cui Z, Liu P, Wang N, et al. Structural and functional characterizations of infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Cell. 2022;185(5):860–871.e13.
- Iketani S, Liu L, Guo Y, et al. Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Nature. 2022;604(7906):553–556.
- The government of the Hongkong Special Administrative Region. [assessed 2022 May 28]. Available from: https://www.covidvaccine.gov.hk/pdf/death_analysis.pdf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19: Information for Healthcare Professionals. [assessed 2022 Jun 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/underlyingconditions.html
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People with Certain Medical Conditions. [assessed 2022 May 28]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html
- Tehrani S, Killander A, Astrand P, et al. Risk factors for death in adult COVID-19 patients: frailty predicts fatal outcome in older patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;102:415–421.
- Cheung PH, Chan CP, Jin DY. Lessons learned from the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong in early 2022. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11(1):1072–1078.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
- Liu Y, Chen D, Hou J, et al. An inter-correlated cytokine network identified at the center of cytokine storm predicted COVID-19 prognosis. Cytokine. 2021;138:155365.
- Yamasoba D, Kimura I, Nasser H, et al. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike. Cell. 2022;185(12):2103–2115 e19.
- D'Ascanio M, Innammorato M, Pasquariello L, et al. Age is not the only risk factor in COVID-19: the role of comorbidities and of long staying in residential care homes. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):63.
- Peters LL, Raymer DS, Pal JD, et al. Association of COVID-19 vaccination with risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in heart transplant recipients. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(6):651–654.
- Wolter N, Jassat W, Walaza S, et al. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study. Lancet. 2022;399(10323):437–446.
- Damayanthi H, Prabani KIP, Weerasekara I. Factors associated for mortality of older people with COVID 19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2021;7:23337214211057392.
- Smith DJ, Hakim AJ, Leung GM, et al. COVID-19 mortality and vaccine coverage – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, January 6, 2022–March 21, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(15):545–548.
- Jara A, Undurraga EA, Zubizarreta JR, et al. Effectiveness of homologous and heterologous booster doses for an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a large-scale prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10(6):e798–e806.
- Smith DJ, Hakim AJ, Leung GM, et al. COVID-19 mortality and vaccine coverage – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, January 6, 2022–March 21, 2022. China CDC Wkly. 2022;4(14):288–292.
- Puhach O, Adea K, Hulo N, et al. Infectious viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals infected with ancestral, Delta or Omicron SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med. 2022;28(7):1491–1500.
- Hammond J, Leister-Tebbe H, Gardner A, et al. Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(15):1397–1408.
- Gottlieb RL, Nirula A, Chen P, et al. Effect of bamlanivimab as monotherapy or in combination with etesevimab on viral load in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(7):632–644.
- Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–1720.
- Zhang X, Tan Y, Ling Y, et al. Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Nature. 2020;583(7816):437–440.
- Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(5):1451–1454.
- Peng X, Ouyang J, Isnard S, et al. Sharing CD4+ T cell loss: when COVID-19 and HIV collide on immune system. Front Immunol. 2020;11:596631.
- Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, et al. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus: a first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631–637.
- Ho HT, Peischard S, Strutz-Seebohm N, et al. Myocardial damage by SARS-CoV-2: emerging mechanisms and therapies. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1880.
- Shi S, Qin M, Cai Y, et al. Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(22):2070–2079.