Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Determination of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and its Major Impurity, Metabolite and Degradation Product: Para-chloro-aniline

References

• USP 29-NF 24. (2006). United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Martindale the complete drug reference. (2007). The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st Ed., Pharmaceutical press London.
   Google Scholar
• http://www.uhe.com/chlorhex.htm, April. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• http://www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/vet/mrls/010796en.pdf, April. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/191804. htm, April. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Alain, N., Estelle, W., Marie, V., Jacques, K. and Henri, P. (2011). HPLC method for determination of parachloroaniline in chlorhexidine antiseptic agent in mouthrinses, ophthalmic and skin solution. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 14(2): 422–428.
   Google Scholar
• Doub, W.H., Ruhl, D.D., Hart, B., Mehelic, P.R. and Revelle, L.K. (1996). Gradient liquid chromatographic method for determination of chlorhexidine and its degradation products in bulk material. J AOAC Int. 15(3): 636–9.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, D., Liang, H., Zeng, J. and Rao, G. (1995). A study on the simultaneous HPLC determination of chlorhexidine and its impurity 4-chloroaniline. J. west china university of medical science, 9(4): 447–51.
   Google Scholar
• Havlíková, L., Matysová, L., Nováková, L., Hájková, R. and Solich, P. (2007). HPLC determination of chlorhexidine gluconate and p-chloroaniline in topical ointment. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 43(5): 1169–1173. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.09.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liljana, B., Sehmedin, S., Mirjana, P., Aneta, D., Liljana U. and Rumenka, P. (2014). Development and validation of RP–HPLC assay of chlorhexidine in gingival crevicular fluid. Arh. Farm. 64(7): 69–76.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez Calatayud, and J. Campíns Falcó, P. (1986). Spectrophotometric determination of chlorhexidine with bromocresol green by flow-injection and manual metho. Analytica Chimica Acta. 189(8): 323–328. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83735-6
   Google Scholar
• Borissova, R. and Sirma, M. (1996). Titrimetric and spectrophotometric determination of chlorhexidine digluconate in tooth pastes, Fresenius. Journal Of Analytical Chemistry. 357(8): 977–980.
   Google Scholar
• Richard, A,. Elbaz, M. and Andermann, G. (1984). Determination of 4-chloroaniline and chlorhexidine digluconate by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 298(5): 356–359. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92731-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue, C., Poff, J., Cort´es, M.E., Sinisterra, R.D., Faris, C.B., Hildgen, P., Langer, R. and Shastri, V.P. (2004). A novel polymeric chlorhexidine delivery device for the treatment of periodontal disease. Biomaterials. 25(6): 3743–3750. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medlicott, N.J., Tucker, I.G., Rathbone, M.J., Holborow, D.W. and Jones, D.W. (1996). Int. Chlorhexidine release from poly (ε-caprolactone) films prepared by solvent evaporation. J. Pharm. 143(9): 25–35.
   Google Scholar
• Pesonen, T., Holmalahti, J., and Pohjola, J. (1995). Determination of chlorhexidine in saliva using HPLC. J. Chromatogr. B: Biomed. Appl. 665(4): 222–225. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00514-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, Y.W., Chan, D.C., Rodriguez, S.Y., Lintakoon, J.H. and Lam, T.H. (1993). Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of chlorhexidine in saliva. J. Chromatogr. Biomed. Appl. 612(7): 166–171. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80381-D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., Degude, C. and Mailhe, L. (1984). Simultaneous determination of chlorhexidine, tetracaine and their degradation products by ion-pair liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 315(8): 457–464. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90770-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyhowski-Bukanski, B. and Masse, M.O. (1984). Int., the anomalous sorption behaviour of chlorhexidine with poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. J. Cosmet. Sci. 225(6): 283–291. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00386.x
   Google Scholar
• Gagliari, L. et al. (1985). Analytical methods for the determination of chlorhexidine. J. Chromatogr. 348(9): 321–326. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92470-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP29). (2007). National Formulary (NF24), The United States Pharmacopoeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, USA.
   Google Scholar
• International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). (1997). Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, 62, US FDA Federal Register.
   Google Scholar
• International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Q2 (R1). (2005). Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology, ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline.
   Google Scholar
• Song, Y., YU, B., Zou, J., Zhang, L. and Deng, Y. (2010). Ion-pair-RP-HPLC determination of dobesilates and their related substances, Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi. 139(30): 130–133.
   Google Scholar