Determination of In-vitro Biochemical Activities of Reflevone, A New Natural Organic Compound

References

• Mesaik, M.A., Murad, S., Khan, K.M., Tareen, B., Ahmed, A. and Choudhary, M.I. (2009). Isolation and Immunomodulatory Properties of a Flavonoid , Casticin from Vitex agnus-castus. Phytotherapy Research. 23: 1516–1520. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabry, T.J., Markham, K.R. and Thomas, M.B. (1970). The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
   Google Scholar
• Shahidi, F. and Wanasundara, P.K. (1992). Phenolic antioxidants. Critical reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 32(1): 67–103. doi: 10.1080/10408399209527581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, P.M., Harborne, J.B. (1990). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Second Edition. Vol 42.
   Google Scholar
• Di Carlo, G., Mascolo, N., Izzo, A., Capasso, F. (1999). Flavovoids: old and new aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs. Life Sciences. 65(4): 337–353. doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00120-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agripino, D.G., Lima, L.E.M., da Silva, R.M., Meda, C.I., da Silva Bolzani, V., Cordeiro, I., Young, M.C.M. and Moreno, P.R.H. (2004). Screening of Brazilian Plants for Antimicrobial and Dna-Damaging Activities. I. Atlantic Rain Forest-Ecological Station Juréia-Itatins. Biota Neotropica. 4(2): 1–15. doi: 10.1590/S1676-06032004000200009
   Google Scholar
• Kim, M.M., Ta, Q. Van Mendis, E., Rajapakse, N., Jung, W.K., Byun, H.G., Jeon, Y.J. and Kim, S.K. (2006). Phlorotannins in Ecklonia cava extract inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity. Life Sciences. 79(15): 1436–1443. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Mola, H.F. (2009). Antibacterial activity of crude extracts and phlorotannin isolated from the diatom Cymbella spp. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2(3): 304–308.
   Google Scholar
• Lemos, V.S., Freitas, M.R., Muller, B., Lino, Y.D., Queiroga, C.E., Côrtes, S.F. (1999). Dioclein, a new nitric oxide-and endothelium-dependent vasodilator flavonoid. European Journal of Pharmacology. 386(1): 41–46. doi: 10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00747-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trigueiro, F., Cortes, S.F., Almeida, R.N., Lemos, V.S. (2000). Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of dioclein, a new flavonoid isolated from Dioclea grandiflora, in the rat aorta. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 52(11): 1431–1434. doi: 10.1211/0022357001777441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianna, H.R., Cortes, S.F., Ferreira, A.J., Capettini, L.S.A., Schmitt, M., Almeida, A.P., Massensini, A.R., Lemos, V.S. (2006). Antiarrhythmogenic and Antioxidant Effect of the Flavonoid Dioclein in a Model of Cardiac Ischemia / Reperfusion. Planta Medica. 72: 300–303. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-916218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreiros, A.L., David, J.P., De Queiroz, L.P. and David, J.M. (2000). A-type proantho-cyanidin antioxidant from Dioclea lasiophylla. Phytochemistry. 55(7): 805–808. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00297-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 13. Ma, L., Peng, H., Li, K., Zhao, R., Li, L., Yu, Y., Wang, X. and Han, Z. (2015). Luteolin exerts an anticancer effect on NCI-H460 human non small cell lung cancer cells through the induction of Sirt1-mediated apoptosis. Molecular Medicine Reports. 12: 4196–4202.
   Google Scholar
• Ustün, O., Ozçelik, B., Akyön, Y., Abbasoglu, U. and Yesilada, E. (2006). Flavonoids with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity from Cistus laurifolius leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 108(3): 457–461. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISobe, T., Doe, M., Morimoto, Y., Nagata, K., Ohsaki, A. (2006). The Anti-Helicobacter pylori Flavones in a Brazilian Plant , Hyptis fasciculata , and the Activity of Methoxy flavones. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 29(5): 1039–1041. doi: 10.1248/bpb.29.1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modolo, L.V., de Souza, A.X., Horta, L.P., Araujo, D.P. and de Fátima, Â. (2015). An overview on the potential of natural products as ureases inhibitors: A review. Journal of Advanced Research. 6(1): 35–44. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, Z.P., Wang, X.D., Peng, Z.Y. (2012). Molecular Docking, kinetics study, and structure-activity relationship analysis of quercetin and its analogous as helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60(42): 10572–10577. doi: 10.1021/jf303393n
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oladimeji, A.O., Oladosu, I.A., Ali, M.S., Ahmed, Z. (2015). Flavonoids from the roots of Dioclea reflexa (Hook F.). Bullettin Chemical Society of Ethiopia. 29(3): 441–448. doi: 10.4314/bcse.v29i3.12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherburn, M.W. (1967). Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal. Chem. 39(8): 971–974. doi: 10.1021/ac60252a045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulcin, I., Alici, A.H., Cesur, M. (2005). Determination of in Vitro Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activities of Propofol. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 53(3): 281–285. doi: 10.1248/cpb.53.281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oladimeji, A.O., Aliyu, M.B., Ogundajo, A.L., Babatunde, O., Adeniran, O.I. and Balogun, O.S. (2016). Identification and comparison of the volatile constituents of fresh and dried leaves of Spondias mombin found in North-central Nigeria: in vitro evaluation of their cytotoxic and anti-oxidant activities. Pharmaceutical Biology. 54(11): 2674–2678. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1178308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction: antioxidative activities of product of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Japan Journal of Nutrition. 44(4): 307–315. doi: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
   Google Scholar
• Aliyu, M., Odunola, O., Rasheed, H., Mesaik, A.M., Choudhary, M.I., Channa, I.S., Khan, S.A. and Erukainure, O. L. (2013). Molecular Mechanism of Antiproliferation Potential of Acacia Honey on NCI-H460 Cell Line Molecular Mechanism of Antiproliferation Potential of Acacia Honey on NCI-H460 Cell Line. Nutrition and Cancer. 65(2): 296–304. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovanen, P.E. and Knuutila, S. (1989). Mitotic cells in different lymphocyte subsets in unfractionated cultures stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. Hereditas. 110: 69–89. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1989.tb00419.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza-Fagundes, E.M., Queiroz, A.B.R., Martins Filho, O.A., Gazzinelli, G., Corrêa-Oliveira, R., Alves, T.M. and Zani, C.L. (2002). Screening and fractionation of plant extracts with antiproliferative activity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 97(8): 1207–1212. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762002000800024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T.J, John, S. (2005). Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling and T-cell lymphomas. Immunology. 114(3): 301–312. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02091.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima, H., Liu, X.W., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Rosenthal, L.A., Imada, K., Finbloom, D.S., Hennighausen, L. and Leonard, W.J. (1997). An indirect effect of Stat5a in IL-2-induced proliferation: A critical role for stat5a in IL-2-mediated IL-2 receptor chain induction. Immunity. 7(5): 691–701. doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80389-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morikawa, K., Oseko, F., Morikawa, S. and Sawada, M. (1993). Immunosuppressive activity of fosfomycin on human T-lymphocyte function in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 37(12): 2684–2687. doi: 10.1128/AAC.37.12.2684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paliogianni, F., Ahuja, S.S., Balow, J.P., Balow, J.E. and Boumpas, D.T. (1993). Novel mechanism for inhibition of human T cells by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids inhibit signal transduction through IL-2 receptor. The Journal of Immunology. 151(8): 4081–4089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marder, W. and McCune, W.J. (2007). Advances in immunosuppressive therapy. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 28(4): 398–417. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-985612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, N.T., Bibi, M., Yousuf, S., Qureshi, I.H., Al-majid, A.M., Mesaik, M.A., Khalid, A.S. and Sattar, S.A. (2012). Synthesis of some potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites by fungal transformation of anabolic steroid oxymetholone. Chemistry Central Journal. 6(1): 1–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumner J.B. (1926). The Isolation and Crystallization of the Enzyme Urease. Journal Biology Chemistry. 69: 435–441.
   Google Scholar
• Upadhyay, L.S.B. (2012). Urease inhibitors: A review. Indian Journal of Biotechnology 11(4): 381–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobley, H.L., Island, M.D. and Hausinger, R.P. (1995). Molecular biology of microbial ureases. Microbiological Reviews. 59(3): 451–480.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arfan, M., Ali, M., Ahmad, H., Anis, I., Khan, A., Choudhary, M.I. and Shah, M.R. (2010). Urease inhibitors from Hypericum oblongifolium WALL . Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 25(2): 296–299. doi: 10.3109/14756360903179385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, V.U., Hussain, J., Hussain, H., Jassbi, A.R., Ullah, F., Lodhi, M.A., Yasin, A. and Choudhary, M.I. (2003). First natural urease inhibitor from Euphorbia decipiens. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 51(6): 719–723. doi: 10.1248/cpb.51.719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atta-ur-Rahman and Choudhary, M.I. (2001). Bioactive natural products as a potential source of new pharmacophores. A theory of memory. Section Title: General Biochemistry. 73(3): 555–560.
   Google Scholar
• Atta-ur-Rahman and Choudhary, M.I. (2005). Biodiversity as a source of new pharmaco-phores: A new theory of memory III. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 77(1): 75–81.
   Google Scholar
• Amin, M., Anwar, F., Naz, F., Mehmood, T. and Saari, N. (2013). Anti-Helicobacter pylori and urease inhibition activities of some traditional medicinal plants. Molecules. 18(2): 2135–2149. doi: 10.3390/molecules18022135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valko, M., Rhodes, C.J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M. and Mazur, M. (2006). Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 160(1): 1–40. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajiboye, T.O., Komolafe, Y.O., Bukoye Oloyede, H.O., Yakubu, M.T., Adeoye, M.D., Abdulsalami, I.O., Oladiji, A.T. and Akanji, M.A. (2013). Diethylnitrosamine-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes: protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor grains. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 24(1): 41–49. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2012-0031
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villaño, D., Fernández-Pachón, M.S., Moyá, M.L., Troncoso, A.M. and García-Parrilla, M.C. (2007). Radical scavenging ability of polyphenolic compounds towards DPPH free radical. Talanta. 71(1): 230–235. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.03.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukazayire, M.J., Tomani, J.C., Stevigny, C., Chalchat, J.C., Conforti, F., Menichini, F. and Duez, P. (2011). Essential oils of four Rwandese hepatoprotective herbs: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry 129(3): 753–760. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawidowicz, A.L., Wianowska, D. and Olszowy, M. (2012). On practical problems in estimation of antioxidant activity of compounds by DPPH method (Problems in estimation of antioxidant activity). Food Chemistry. 131(3): 1037–1043. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proestos, C., Lytoudi, K., Mavromelanidou, O., Zoumpoulakis, P. and Sinanoglou, V. (2013). Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Plant Extracts and Their Essential Oils. Antioxidants. 2(1): 11–22. doi: 10.3390/antiox2010011
   Google Scholar
• Gul, M.Z., Ahmad, F., Kondapi, A.K., Qureshi, I.A. and Ghazi, I.A. (2013). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Abrus precatorius leaf extracts-an in vitro study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 13(1): 53. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montoro, P., Braca, A., Pizza, C. and De Tommasi, N. (2005). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids isolated from different plant species. Food Chemistry. 92(2): 349–355. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.07.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, J. and Mumper, R.J. (2010). Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules. 15(10): 7313–7352. doi: 10.3390/molecules15107313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramassamy, C. (2006). Emerging role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neuro-degenerative diseases: A review of their intracellular targets. European Journal of Pharmacology. 545(1): 51–64. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudan, R., Bhagat, M., Gupta, S., Singh, J. and Koul, A. (2014). Iron (FeII) Chelation, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, and Immune Modulating Potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). BioMed Research International. 1–7. doi: 10.1155/2014/179865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, B.W. and Wild, C.P. (2014). World Cancer Report. doi:9283204298.
   Google Scholar