Gibberellic Acid Content of Spinach in Relation to Photoperiod, Temperature, and Flower Induction

References

• Corbesier, L., Coupland, G. (2006). The quest for florigen: a review of recent progress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57: 3395–3403. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erl095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez-Lopez, P. (2005). Long-range signaling in plant reproductive development. International Journal of Developmental Biology. 49: 761–771. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.052002ps
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayre, B.G., Turgeon, R. (2004). Graft Transmission of a floral stimulant derived from Constans. Plant Physiology. 35: 2271–2278. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.040592
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, Y., Weigel, D. (2007). Move on up, it’s time for change-mobile signals controlling photoperiod-dependent flowering. Genes Development. 21: 2371–2384. doi: 10.1101/gad.1589007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turck, F., Fornara, F, Coupland, G. (2008). Regulation and identity of florigen: FLOWERING LOCUS T moves center stage. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 573–594. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeevaart, J.A.D. (2008). Leaf-produced floral signals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 11: 541–547. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, A. (1984). Die photoperiodische regulation von forderung und hemmung der blütenbildung. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. 97: 293–314.
   Google Scholar
• Bergman, M., Varshavsky, L., Gottlieb, H.E., Grossman, S. (2001). The antioxidant activity of aqueous spinach extract: chemical identification of active fractions. Phytochemistry. 58: 142–152. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00137-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedden, P., Sponsel, V. (2015). A century of Gibberellin Research. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 34: 740–760. doi: 10.1007/s00344-015-9546-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mander, L.N. (2003). Twenty years of gibberellin research. Natural Product Reports. 20: 49–69. doi: 10.1039/b007744p
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler, P.M., Robertson, M. (1999). Gibberellin dose-response curves and the characterization of dwarf mutants of barley. Plant Physiology. 120: 623–632. doi: 10.1104/pp.120.2.623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernie, G., Perilleux, C. (2005). A physiological overview of the genetics of flowering time control. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 3: 3–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00114.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanimoto, E. (2005). Regulation of root growth by plant hormones - roles for auxin and gibberellin. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 24: 249–265. doi: 10.1080/07352680500196108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedden, P., Phillips, A.L. (2000). Gibberellin metabolism: new insights revealed by the genes. Trends in Plant Science. 5: 523–530. doi: 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01790-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mander, L.N., Owen, D.J. (1996). Structure determination and synthesis of a new gibberellin, GA99 from spinach plants: 2b-hydroxy-GA19. Tetrahedron Letters. 37: 723–726. doi: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02252-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, D.J., Mander, L.N., Storey, J.M.D., Huntley, R.P., Gaskin, P., Lenton, J. R., Gage, D.A., Zeevaart, J.A.D. (1998). Synthesis and confirmation of structure for a new gibberellin, 2b-hydroxy-GA12 (GA110), from spinach and oil palm. Phytochemistry. 47: 331–337. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00577-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmour, S.J., Zeevaart, J.A.D., Schwenen, L., Graebe, J. (1986). Gibberellin Metabolism in Cell-Free Extracts from Spinach Leaves in Relation to Photoperiod. Plant Physiology. 82: 190–195. doi: 10.1104/pp.82.1.190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliday, K.J., Salter, M.G., Thingnaes, E., Whitelam, G.C. (2003). Phytochrome control of flowering is temperature sensitive and correlates with expression of the floral integrator FT. Plant Journal. 33: 875–885. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01674.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trewavas, A. J. (1983). Is plant development regulated by changes in the concentration of plant growth substances? Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 8: 354–356. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(83)90359-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, S.E., Olszewski, N.E. (1993). Mutations at the SPINDLY locus of Arabidopsis alter gibberellin signal transduction. Plant Cell. 5: 887–896. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.8.887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda, N., Yoshida, T., Olsen, J.E., Senaha, C., Jikumaru, Y., Kamiya, Y. (2012). Short main shoot length and inhibition of floral bud development under red light can be recovered by application of gibberellin and cytokinin. Acta Horticulturae. 956: 215–222. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.956.23
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda, N., Ajima, C., Yukawa, T., Olsend, J.E. (2016). Antagonistic action of blue and red light on shoot elongation in petunia depends on gibberellin, but the effects on flowering are not generally linked to gibberellin. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 121: 102–111. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.06.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidlova, E., Lozhnikova, V.N., Negretsky, V.A., Chailakhyan, M.K.H. (1990). The growth of the shoot apex of Chenopodium rubrum L. treated with a florigenic extract from flowering tobacco plants: preliminary anatomical observations. Journal of Experimental Botany. 41: 1347–1349. doi: 10.1093/jxb/41.10.1347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzger, J.D. (1995). Hormones and reproductive development. In P.J. Davies (Ed.), Plant Hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ed. P. J. Davies, 617–648, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Mutasa-Göttgens, E., Hedden, P. (2009). Gibberellin as a factor in floral regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany. 60: 1979–1989. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W.S., Liu, H.Y., Liu, Z.H., Yang, L., Chen, W.H. (1994). Gibberellin and temperature influence carbohydrate content and flowering in Phalaenopsis. Physiologia Plantarum. 90: 391–395. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb00404.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W.S., Chang, H.W., Chen, W.H., Lin, Y.S. (1997). Gibberellic acid and cytokinin affect Phalaenopsis flower morphology at high temperature. HortScience. 32: 1069–1073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, H. (2000). Phytochrome and light signal perception by plants: an emerging synthesis. Nature. 407: 585–590. doi: 10.1038/35036500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerdan, P., Chory, J. (2003). Regulation of flowering time by light quality. Nature. 423: 881–885. doi: 10.1038/nature01636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W.S., Chang, H.W., Chen, W.H., Lin, Y.S. (1997). Gibberellic acid and cytokinin affect Phalaenopsis flower morphology at high temperature. HortScience. 32: 1069–1073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suge, H., Rappaport, L. (1968). Role of gibberellins in stem elongation and flowering in radish. Plant Physiology. 43: 1208–1214. doi: 10.1104/pp.43.8.1208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland, C.F., Briggs, W.R. (1969). The influence of gibberellic acid on flowering and growth in the long-day plant Lemna gibba G3. Plant Physiology. 44: 503–507. doi: 10.1104/pp.44.4.503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques, M. (1970). Action du CCC sur le comportement des Blitum: modalities nouveiles d’elongation et de floraison. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 270: 346–349.
   Google Scholar
• Zeevaart, J.A.D. (1971). Effects of photoperiod on growth and endogenous gibberellins in the long day rosette plant spinach. Plant Physiology. 47: 821–827. doi: 10.1104/pp.47.6.821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wareing, P.F., El-antably, H.M.M. (1970). The possible role of endogenous growth inhibitors in the control of flowering. In G. Bernier (Ed.), Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Floral Induction, ed. G. Bernier, 285–303. Longman Group, Ltd., London.
   Google Scholar
• King, R.W., Moritz, T.L.T, Junttila, O., Herlt, A.J. (2001). Long-day induction of flowering in Lolium temulentum involves sequential increases in specific gibberellins at the shoot apex. Plant Physiology. 127: 624–632. doi: 10.1104/pp.010378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzel, C.M. (1983). Tuberization in potato at high temperatures: gibberellin content and transport from buds. Annals of Botany. 52: 697–702. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland, C.F., Zeevaart, J.A.D. (1970). Gibberellins in Relation to Flowering and Stem Elonga- tion in the Long Day Plant Silene armeria. Plant Physiology. 46: 392–400. doi: 10.1104/pp.46.3.392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeevaart, J.A.D., Gage, D.A., Talon, M. (1993). Gibberellin A is required for stem elongation in spinach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., 90: 7401–7405. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.15.7401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi, S. (2008). Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 225–255. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knott, J.E. (1934). Effect of a localized photoperiod on spinach. Proceedings of the Society for Horticultural Science. 31: 152–154.
   Google Scholar