References
- Lehmuskallio E, Lindholm H, Koskenvuo K, et al. Frostbite of the face and ears: epidemiological study of risk factors in Finnish conscripts. BMJ. 1995;311(7021):1661–10.
- Ervasti O, Juopperi K, Kettunen P, et al. The occurrence of frostbite and its risk factors in young men. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004;63(1):71–80.
- Castellani JW. American College of sports medicine position stand: prevention of cold injuries during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(11):2012–2029.
- Rintamaki H. Predisposing factors and prevention of frostbite. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2000;59(2):114–121.
- Imray C, Grieve A, Dhillon S. Cold damage to the extremities: frostbite and non-freezing cold injuries. Postgrad Med J. 2009;85(1007):481–488.
- Cheung SS, Daanen H. Dynamic adaptation of the peripheral circulation to cold exposure. Microcirculation. 2012;19(1):65–77.
- Daanen H. Finger cold-induced vasodilation: a review. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(5):411–426.
- de Weerd L, Mercer JB, Weum S. Dynamic infrared thermography. Clin Plast Surg. 2011;38(2):277–292.
- Stikbakke E. An infrared thermographic and laser doppler flowmetric investigation of skin perfusion in the forearm and finger tip: following a short period of vascular stasis. Tromsø (Norway): Universitetet i Tromsø; 2010.
- Pauling J. Use of infrared thermography as an endpoint in therapeutic trials of Raynaud’s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatology-Incl Supplements. 2012;30(2):S103.
- Ring EF, Ammer K. Infrared thermal imaging in medicine. Physiol Meas. 2012;33(3):R33–R46.
- Ammer K. Diagnosis of Raynaud’s phenomenon by thermography. Skin Res Technol. 1996;2(4):182–185.
- Merla A, Di Donato L, Di Luzio S, et al. Infrared functional imaging applied to Raynaud’s phenomenon. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2002;21(6):73–79.
- Brandstrom H, Wiklund U, Karlsson M, et al. Autonomic nerve system responses for normal and slow rewarmers after hand cold provocation: effects of long-term cold climate training. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013;86(3):357–365.
- Forsvaret. Rekruttperioden [Norwegian). 2014 [cited 2018 Jun 4]; Available from: https://forsvaret.no/karriere/forstegangstjeneste/rekruttskole.
- Forsvaret. Panserbataljon [Norwegian). 2014 [cited 2018 Jun 4]; Available from: https://forsvaret.no/karriere/forstegangstjeneste/muligheter/haren/panserbataljonen.
- Grøtvedt L Smoking and snus use in Norway 2017 [cited 2017 Jan 11]; Available from: https://www.fhi.no/en/op/public-health-report-2014/risk–protective-factors/royking-og-snusbruk-i-noreg/.
- Hoiland II, de Weerd L, Mercer JB. The effect of oral uptake of nicotine in snus on peripheral skin blood circulation evaluated by thermography. Temperature (Austin). 2014;1(3):220–226.
- Ammer K. Cold challenge to provoke a vasospastic reaction in fingers determined by temperature measurements: a systematic review. Thermol Int. 2009;19(4):109–118.
- Brandstrom H, Grip H, Hallberg P, et al. Hand cold recovery responses before and after 15 months of military training in a cold climate. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008;79(9):904–908.
- Yun AJ, Bazar KA, Lee PY, et al. The smoking gun: many conditions associated with tobacco exposure may be attributable to paradoxical compensatory autonomic responses to nicotine. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(6):1073–1079.
- Miland AO, Mercer JB. Effect of a short period of abstinence from smoking on rewarming patterns of the hands following local cooling. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;98(2):161–168.
- Moreira DG. Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: a Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature. J Therm Biol. 2017;69:155–162.
- Dias DT. Thermal characterization in vitro of human nail: photoacoustic study of the aging process. Photochem Photobiol. 2007;83(5):1144–1148.
- Walloe L. Arterio-venous anastomoses in the human skin and their role in temperature control. Temperature (Austin). 2016;3(1):92–103.