1,873
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research Article

Forensic psychiatry services in Nunavut

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 1954362 | Received 05 Mar 2021, Accepted 07 Jul 2021, Published online: 19 Jul 2021

References

  • Statistics Canada. Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census. Catalogue no. 98-404-X2016001. Statistics Canada. Ottawa; 2017. Available from: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-pr-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=PR&GC=62&TOPIC=1
  • Ferrazzi P, Krupa T. Remoteness and its impact on the potential for mental health initiatives in criminal courts in Nunavut, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2018;77(1):1541700.
  • Lehti V, Niemelä S, Hovem C, et al. Mental health, substance use and suicidal behaviour among young indigenous people in the Arctic: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(8):1194–12.
  • Mendez I, Jong M, Keays-White D, et al. The use of remote presence for health care delivery in a northern Inuit community: a feasibility study. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2013;72(1):21112.
  • Chachamovich E, Kirmayer LJ, Haggarty JM, et al. Suicide among Inuit: results from a large, epidemiologically representative follow-back study in Nunavut. Canadian J Psychiatry. 2015;60(6):268–275. .
  • Hayward A, Cidro J, Dutton R, et al. A review of health and wellness studies involving Inuit of Manitoba and Nunavut. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2020;79(1):268–275.
  • Kral MJ, Idlout L, Minore B, et al. Unikkaartuit: meanings of well-being, unhappiness, health, and community change among Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. Am J Community Psychol. 2011;48(3–4):426–443. .
  • Young TK, Revich B, Soininen L. Suicide in circumpolar regions: an introduction and overview. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2015;74(1):27349.
  • Ferrazzi P, Krupa T. “Symptoms of something all around us”: mental health, Inuit culture and criminal justice in Arctic communities in Nunavut, Canada. Soc Sci Med. 2016;165:159–167.
  • Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. Examining the justice system in Nunavut: annual report on the state of Inuit culture and society: 2013-2014. Iqaluit, NU: Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.; 2013. Available from: https://www.tunngavik.com/files/2014/10/2013-14-SICS-Annual-Report-ENG.pdf
  • Malakieh J. Adult and youth correctional statistics in Canada, 2018/2019. Cat.No. 85-002-X. Statistics Canada, Ottawa; 2020. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article/00016-eng.htm
  • Kielland N, Simeone T. Current issues in mental health in Canada: the mental health of First Nations and Inuit communities. Library of Parliament. Ottawa; 2014. Available from: https://lop.parl.ca/staticfiles/PublicWebsite/Home/ResearchPublications/InBriefs/PDF/2014-02-e.pdf
  • Mann MM. Good intentions, disappointing results: a progress report on federal aboriginal corrections. Mental Health Commission of Canada, Calgary, Alberta; 2009. Available from: https://www.oci-bec.gc.ca/cnt/rpt/pdf/oth-aut/oth-aut20091113-eng.pdf
  • Crocker AG, Nicholls TL, Seto MC, et al. The national trajectory project of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder in Canada. Part 2: The People behind the Label. Can J Psychiatry 2015;60(3):106–116.
  • Haag AM, Cheng J, Wirove R. Describing the not criminally responsible population in Alberta’s history: sociodemographic, mental health, and criminological profiles. J CSWB. 2016;1(3):68–74.
  • Latimer J, Lawrence A. The review board systems in Canada: overview of results from the mentally disordered accused data collection study. Ottawa (Ontario): Department of Justice Canada; 2006.
  • Gӧcke K. Inuit self-government in the Canadian North: the next step in the Nunavut project. Zeitschrift für ausl?sches ?ffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht. 2011;71(1):77–102.
  • Statistics Canada. Population estimates on July 1st, by age and sex. Table 17- 10-0005-01.Statistics Canada, Ottawa. 2021. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000501&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.15&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.1&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2016&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2020&referencePeriods=20160101%2C20200101
  • Statistics Canada. Iqaluit [population centre], Nunavut and Quebec [province] (table). Census profile. 2016 census. Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Statistics Canada, Ottawa. 2017. Available from: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Ge
  • Joe P, Melo S, Burrows WR, et al. The Canadian arctic weather science project: introduction to the Iqaluit site. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2020;101(2):109–128.
  • Statistics Canada. Nunavut [economic region], nunavut and nunavut [territory] (table). Census profile. 2016 census. catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Statistics Canada, Ottawa. 2017. Available from: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
  • Marecic CJ. Nunavut Territory: aboriginal governing in the Canadian regime of governance. Am Indian L Rev. 2001;24(2):275–295.
  • Nunavut KP. The Canadian Encyclopedia; 2020. Available from: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nunavut
  • Young KT, Chatwood S, Marchildon GP. Healthcare in Canada’s North: are we getting value for our money? Healthc Policy. 2016;12(1):59–70.
  • Bjerregaard P, Young TK, Dewailly E, et al. Indigenous health in the Arctic: an overview of the circumpolar Inuit population. Scand J Public Health. 2004;32(5):390–395. .
  • Huot S, Ho H, Ko A, et al. Identifying barriers to healthcare delivery and access in the circumpolar North: important insights for health professionals. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2019;78(1):1571385.
  • Chatwood S, Bjerregaard P, Young TK. Global health - a circumpolar perspective. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(7):1246–1249.
  • Hueffer K, Ehrlander M, Etz K, et al. One health in the circumpolar North. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2019;78(1):1607502.
  • Young KT, Ng C, Chatwood S. Assessing health care in Canada’s North: what can we learn from national and regional surveys? Int J Circumpolar Health. 2015;74(1):28436.
  • Fazel S, Hayes AJ, Bartellas K, et al. Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(9):871–881.
  • Fazel S, Danesh J. Serious mental disorder in 23 000 prisoners: a systematic review of 62 surveys. Lancet. 2002;359(9306):545–550.
  • Hensel JM, Casiano H, Chartier MJ, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders among all justice-involved: a population-level study in Canada. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2020;68:101523.
  • Chaimowitz G, Mamak M, Padgett R. Management of the mentally abnormal offender. Brief Treat Crisis Interv. 2008;8(1):15–26.
  • Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1085, c. C-46
  • Statistics Canada. Aboriginal peoples in Canada: key results from the 2016 census. Statistics Canada, Ottawa; 2017. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025a-eng.htm?indid=14430-1&indgeo=0
  • Chaimowitz G, Moulden H, Upfold C, et al. The Ontario forensic mental health system: a population-based review. Can J Psychiatry. 2021;10:7067437211023103.
  • Webster CD, Douglas KS, Eaves D, et al. HCR-20: assessing risk for violence, version 2. Vancouver (BC): Mental Health Law and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University; 1997.
  • Hare RD. The hare psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). 2nd ed. Toronto (ON): Multi-Health Systems; 2003.
  • Hare RD, Clark D, Grann M, et al. Psychopathy and the predictive validity of the PCL-R: an international perspective. Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 2000;18(5):623–645. .
  • Steadman HJ, Silver E, Monahan J, et al. A classification tree approach to the development of actuarial violence risk assessment tools. Law Hum Behav. 2000;24(1):83–200. .
  • Quinsey VL, Harris GT, Rice ME, et al. Violent offenders: appraising and managing risk. Washington (DC): American Psychological Association; 1998.
  • Quinsey VL, Harris GT, Rice ME, et al. Violent offenders: appraising and managing risk. 2nd. Washington (DC): American Psychological Association; 2006.
  • Ewert v Canada, FC 1093. 2015
  • Canada v Ewert, FCA 203. 2016
  • Ewert v Canada SCC 30. 2018
  • Hagg AM, Boyes A, Cheng J, et al. An introduction to the issues of cross-cultural assessment inspired by Ewert v. Canada. J Threat Assess Manage. 2016;3(2):65–75.
  • Hart SD. Culture and violence risk assessment: the case of Ewert v. Canada. J Threat Assess Manage. 2016;3(2):76–96.
  • Shepherd SM, Lewis-Fernandez R. Forensic risk assessment and cultural diversity: contemporary challenges and future directions. Psychol Public Policy Law. 2016;22(4):426–438.
  • Etz KE, Arroyo JA. Small sample research: considerations beyond statistical power. Prev Sci. 2015;16(7):1033–1036.
  • Fazel S, Grann M, Langstrӧm N. What is the role of epidemiology for forensic psychiatry? Crim Behav Ment Health. 2009;19(5):281–285.
  • Vetter TR. Descriptive statistics: reporting the answers to the 5 basic questions of who, what, why, when, where, and a sixth, so what? Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1797–1802.
  • Cotton ME, Nadeau L, Kirmayer LJ. Consultation to remote and Indigenous communities. In: Kirmayer LJ, Guzder J, Rousseau C, editors. Cultural consultation: encountering the other in mental health care. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 223–244.
  • Shang Z, Arnaert A, Hindle Y, et al. Experiences of psychiatrists and support staff providing telemental health services to Indigenous peoples of Northern Quebec. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):85.
  • Langarizadeh M, Tabatabaei MS, Tavakol K, et al. Telemental health care, an effective alternative to conventional mental care: a systematic review. Acta Inform Med. 2017;25(4):240–246.
  • Sales CP, McSweeney L, Saleem Y, et al. The use of telepsychiatry within forensic practice: a literature review on the use of videolink – a ten-year follow-up. J Forens Psychiatry Pscyhol. 2017;29(3):387–402.
  • Drogin EY. Forensic mental telehealth assessment (FMTA) in the context of COVID-19. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2020;71:1010595.
  • Luxton DD, Lexcen FJ, McIntyre KA. Forensic competency assessment with digital technologies. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019;21(7):60.
  • Mitton C, Dionne G, Masucci L, et al. Innovations in health service organization and delivery in northern rural and remote regions: a review of the literature. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2011;70(5):460–472.
  • Kip H, Bouman YHA, Kelders SM, et al. eHealth in treatment of offenders in forensic mental health: a review of the current state. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:42.
  • Young KT, Chatwood S. Heath care in the North: what Canada can learn from its circumpolar neighbours. CMAJ. 2011;183(2):109–214.
  • Akearok GH, Tabish T, Cherba M. Cultural orientation and safety app for new and short-term healthcare providers in Nunavut. Can J Public Health. 2020;111(5):694–700.
  • Hilton ZN, Harris GT, Rice ME, et al. A brief actuarial assessment for the prediction of wife assault recidivism: the Ontario domestic assault risk assessment. Psychol Assess. 2004;16(3):267–275.
  • Smith MW, Furimsky I, Chaimowitz GA. Point prevalence of adults with intellectual developmental disorder in forensic psychiatric inpatient services in Ontario, Canada. Int J Risk Recov. 2018;1(1):4–11.