How did Nunavummiut youth cope during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of the resilience of Inuit youth leaders involved in the I-SPARX project

References

• Karetak J, Tester F, Tagalik S. Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit: What Inuit have always known to be true. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen C, Otokiak M, Koonoo I, et al. ScIQ: an invitation and recommendations to combine science and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit for meaningful engagement of Inuit communities in research. Arctic Science. 2002;6(3):326–19. 10.1139/as-2020-0015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson LJ. Inuit gender parity and why it was not accepted in the Nunavut legislature. Études/Inuit/Studies. 2006;30(1):51–68.https://doi.org/gn3k.
   Google Scholar
• Bohr Y, Litwin L, Flett G, et al. Accessed 2 September 2021. Making SPARX fly in Nunavut: pilot testing an innovative computer-based intervention for reducing youth depression as a preamble to the development of a culturally specific, community led prevention program ;2016. (Research report No. 2016-1 prepared for the Department of Health, Government of Nunavut)www.isparxnunavut.com
   Google Scholar
• Douglas K, Katikireddi S, Taulbut M, et al. Mitigating the wider health effects of Covid-19 pandemic response. BMJ. 2020;369:m1557–m1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020 February 11. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/parental-resource-kit/adolescence.html
   Google Scholar
• Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(4):e0231924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAMH. (2020). Pandemic impacting the mental health of young people in Ontario. [cited 2020 Nov 23]. Available from: https://www.camh.ca/en/camh-news-and-stories/pandemic-impacting-the-mental-health-of-young-people-in-ontario
   Google Scholar
• Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arriagada P, Hahmann T, O’Donnell V. Indigenous people and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 2020. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/45-28-0001/2020001/article/00035-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Follent D, Paulson C, Orcher P, et al. The indirect impacts of COVID-19 on aboriginal communities across NSW. Med J Aust. 2021;214(5):199–200. doi:10.5694/mja2.50948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usher K, Marriott R, Smallwood R, et al. COVID-19 and social restrictions: the potential mental health impact of social distancing and isolation for young indigenous Australians. Australas Psychiatry. 2020;28(5):599–600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar M, Tjepkema M. Suicide among First Nations people, Métis and Inuit (2011-2016): Findings from the 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC); 2019. [Acessed 2 September 2021]. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/99-011-x/99-011-x2019001-eng.pdf?st=supDrlQa
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett C, Marshall M, Marshall A. Two-eyed seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together Indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 2012;2(4):331–340.
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll K. Nunavut enacts strictest travel regulations in Canada. APTN News; 2020 March 23. [Accessed 1 February 2022]. https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/nunavut-enacts-strictest-travel-regulations-in-canada
   Google Scholar
• CBC News. Nunavut confirms 8 new COVID-19 cases Monday, territory-wide restriction period to start Wednesday. CBC News; 2020 November 16. [Accessed 1 February 2022]. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/nunavut-premier-give-update-on-covid-19-outbreak-1.5803373
   Google Scholar
• Dawson T. The benefits of isolation. National Post; 2020 April 9. [Accessed 1 February 2022]. https://nationalpost.com/news/the-benefits-of-isolation-nunavut-doesnt-have-a-single-confirmed-case-of-covid-19/wcm/9d946af0-03f9-4d91-8f4b-76ead89a62c3
   Google Scholar
• GN Department of Executive and Intergovernmental Affairs; 2020. [Accessed 1 February 2022]. https://www.gov.nu.ca/news/350https://www.gov.nu.ca/news/350https://www.gov.nu.ca/news/350. Latest news. https://www.gov.nu.ca/news/350
   Google Scholar
• Healey G. Inuit parent perspectives on sexual health communication with adolescent children in Nunavut: “It’s kinda hard for me to try to find the words. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2014;73(1):25070.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kral MJ. “The weight on our shoulders is too much, and we are falling” Suicide among Inuit male youth in Nunavut, Canada. Med Anthropol Q. 2013;27(1):63–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada. Pavva: National Inuit sexual health strategy; 2017. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://bit.ly/3rk0iE6
   Google Scholar
• Hillier S. Indigenous nationhood in the age of COVID-19: reflection on the evolution of sovereignty in settler-colonial states. Scholars’ Hub @ Home, Toronto (ON Canada); 2020. October 9. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5-OLctipHw
   Google Scholar
• Lapointe-Shaw L, Rader B, Astley CM, et al. Web and phone-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance in Canada: a cross-sectional study. Plos One. 2020;15(10):e0239886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leblanc-Laurendeau O. 2020. [YMB1] food insecurity in northern Canada: an overview. Library of parliament. Food Insecurity in Northern Canada: An Overview (parl.ca)
   Google Scholar
• Jetty R, First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health Committee, Tuberculosis among First Nations, Inuit and Métis children and youth in Canada: beyond medical management. Canadian Paediatric Society. 2020;26(2):e78–e81.
   Google Scholar
• Hick S. The enduring plague: how tuberculosis in Canadian Indigenous communities is emblematic of a greater failure in healthcare equality. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2019;1. DOI:10.2991/jegh.k.190314.002.
   Google Scholar
• Sawchuk J. Social conditions of Indigenous peoples in Canada. The Canadian Encyclopedia; 2011. October31. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/native-people-social-conditions
   Google Scholar
• Kirmayer LJ, Dandeneau S, Marshall E, et al. Rethinking resilience from Indigenous perspectives. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(2):84–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korhonen M. Resilience: overcoming challenges and moving on positively. Ottawa: National Aboriginal Health Organization; 2007. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/30325/1/2007_Inuit_Resilience_Book.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ungar M. Resilience, trauma, context, and culture. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2013;14(3):255–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kral MJ, Salusky I, Inuksuk P, et al. Tunngajuq: stress and resilience among Inuit youth in Nunavut, Canada. Transcult Psychiatry. 2014;51(5):673–692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald JP, Willox AC, Ford JD, et al., IMHACC Team, Rigolet Inuit Community Government, Protective factors for mental health and well-being in a changing climate: perspectives from Inuit youth in Nunatsiavut, Labrador. Soc sci med. 2015;141:133–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman MA. Inuit. The Canadian Encyclopedia; 2010. June 8. [Accessed 2 September 2021]. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuit
   Google Scholar
• Greig M. The Inuit way: a guide to Inuit culture. Ottawa: Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada; 2006. [Accessed 2 September 2022]. https://www.relations-inuit.chaire.ulaval.ca/sites/relations-inuit.chaire.ulaval.ca/files/InuitWay_e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd M, Merry S, Lambie I, et al. Indigenous adolescents’ perception of an eMental Health Program (SPARX): exploratory qualitative assessment. JMIR Serious Games. 2018;6(3):e8752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litwin LH, (2020). Exploring resilience and mental health among Canadian Inuit youth: Understanding wellness and piloting a prevention program. [ Doctoral dissertation, York University]. Yorkspace Institutional Repository.
   Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101. https://doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Dedoose. Software for managing, analyzing, and presenting qualitative and mixed method research data (Version 8.0.35). SocioCultural Research Consultants; 2018. [Accessed September 2 2021]. www.dedoose.com
   Google Scholar
• Bohr Y, Armour L, Abdelmaseh M, et al. 2021. Making I-SPARX Fly in Nunavut. Interim research report to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
   Google Scholar
• Costanza A, Baertschi M, Richard-Lepouriel H, et al. The presence and the search constructs of meaning in life in suicidal patients attending a psychiatric emergency department. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar