Thymol Reduces Hepatorenal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Caspase-3#xd; Activation in Rats Exposed to Indomethacin

References

• Majeed RK, Muhammed HF, Rahim HM. Acute toxicity study of indomethacin and oxytetracycline in rabbits. Med J Babylon. 2018;15:218–221.
   Google Scholar
• Khan S, Yusufi FNK, Yusufi ANK. Comparative effect of indomethacin (IndoM) on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane and oxidative stress in the kidney, small intestine and liver of rats. Toxicol Rep. 2019;6:283–394.
   Google Scholar
• Rofaeil RR, Gaber SS. Gastroprotective effect of memantine in indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats, a possible role for potassium channels. Life Sci. 2019;217:164–168.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Mayali ZK, Jaffat HS, Mohammed JA. Effect of the indomethacin drug on kidney histology in male albino rats. Intern J Pharm Qual Assur. 2019;10(3):162–167.
   Google Scholar
• Hilal AM, Fatima M, Hossain MM, et al. Determination of potential oxidative damage, hepatotoxicity, and cytogenotoxicity in male Wistar rats: role of indomethacin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2018;32(12):e22226.
   Google Scholar
• El-Megid MHM A, Abdul Azeem AM, El-Shahat AN, et al. Identification of the therapeutic effects of gamma-irradiated chamomile aqueous extract against alcohol induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rats. Egypt J Radiat Sci Appl. 2017;30(1):53–61.
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Daim MM, Abdeen A. Protective effects of rosuvastatin and vitamin E against fipronil mediated oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat liver and kidney. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;114:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotsampasakou E, Montanari F, Ecker GF. Predicting drug-induced liver injury: the importance of data curation. Toxicol. 2017;389:139–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, et al. Biomarkers in stress related diseases/disorders: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values. Front Mol Biosci. 2019;6:91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchese A, Orhan IE, Daglia M, et al. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol: a brief review of the literature. Food Chem. 2016;210:402‐414.
   Google Scholar
• Xue J, Davidson PM, Zhong Q. Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytognes growth in milk and cantaloupe juice by thymol nanoemulsions prepared with gelatin and lecithin. Food Control. 2016;73:1499‐1506.
   Google Scholar
• Aljabeili HS, Barakat H, Abdel-Rahman HA. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris). Food Nutri Sci. 2018;9(5):433–446.
   Google Scholar
• El-Sayed EM, Abd-Allah AR, Mansour AM. Thymol and carvacrol prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxic. 2015;29:165–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu YM, Chao TY, Chang WC, et al. Thymol reduces oxidative stress, aortic intimal thickening, and inflammation-related gene expression in hyperlipidemic rabbits. J Food Drug Anal. 2016;24(3):556–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafarin A, Rasmi Y, Hajaghazadeh M, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of thymol against subchronic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: biochemical and histological evidences. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018;58:29–36.
   Google Scholar
• Abedi SM, Yarmand F, Motallebnejad M, et al. Radioprotective effect of thymol against salivary glands dysfunction induced by ionizing radiation in rats. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR. 2016;15(4):861–866.
   Google Scholar
• Salehi B, Mishra AP, Shukla I, et al. Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: health and potential uses. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1688–1706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entedhar SR, Wadee SA, Sedeeq BI, et al. Biochemical and histological evaluation of indomethacin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sci Trans Med. 2019;12(109):23–35.[.
   Google Scholar
• Marin LD, Sanchez-Borzone M, Garcia DA. Comparative antioxidant properties of some GABAergic phenols and related compounds, determined for homogeneous and membrane systems. Med Chem. 2011;7(4):317–324.
   Google Scholar
• La Du BN, Eckerson HW. The polymorphic paraoxonase/arylesterase isozymes of human serum. Fed Proc. 1984;43:2338–2341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chu SY, Cashion P, Jiang M. A new colorimetric assay for purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Clin Biochem. 1989;22:357–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porembska Z, Kedra M. Early diagnosis of myocardial infarction by arginase activity determination. Clin Chim Acta. 1975;60:355–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knipp M, Vašák M. A colorimetric 96-well microtiter plate assay for the determination of enzymatically formed citrulline. Anal Biochem. 2000;286:257–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy GK, Enwemeka CS. A simplified method for the analysis of hydroxyproline in biological tissues. Clin Biochem. 1996;29:225–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magwere T, Naiks YS, Hasler JA. Effects of chloroquine treatment on antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22:321–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clairborne A. Catalase activity. In: Greewald AR, editor. Handbook of methods for oxygen radical research. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1995. p. 237–242.
   Google Scholar
• Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, et al. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science. 1973;179:588–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jollow DJ, Michelle JR, Zampaglione N, et al. Bromobenzene induced liver necrosis protective role of GSH and evidence for 3,4-Bromobenzene oxideas the Hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacol. 1974;11:151–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione S-transferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem. 1974;249(22):7130–7139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura T, Ohta Y, Ikeno K, et al. Protective effect of repeatedly pre-administered Brazilian Propolis ethanol extract against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014;2014:383482.
   Google Scholar
• Popovic D, Kocic G, Katic V, et al. Protective effects of anthocyanins from bilberry extract in rats exposed to nephrotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. Chem Biol Interact. 2019;304:61–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem. 2004;37:277–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem. 2005;38:1103–1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granell S, Gironella M, Bulbena O, et al. Heparin mobilizes xanthine oxidase and induces lung inflammation in acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:525–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li WF, Hao DJ, Fan T, et al. Protective effect of chelerythrine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Chem Biol Interact. 2014;208:18–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eljafari MM, Dugani AM, Treesh SA, et al. The effect of tamoxifen on indomethacin induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats. J Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2020;10:269.
   Google Scholar
• Karimi-Khouzani O, Heidarian E, Amini SA, et al. Anti-inflammatory and ameliorative effects of gallic acid on fluoxetine-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2017;69:830–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adedara IA, Anao OO, Forcado GE, et al. Low doses of multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicit hepatotoxicity in rats with markers of oxidative stress and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;503(4):3167–3173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gounden V, Vashisht R, Jialal I. Hypoalbuminemia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526080/. PMID:30252336.
   Google Scholar
• McGrowder DA, Miller F, Anderson CM, et al. Abnormal liver biochemistry tests and acute liver injury in COVID-19 patients: current evidence and potential pathogenesis. Diseases. 2021;9:50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luzzatto L, Arese P, Longo DL. Favism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:60–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spanaki C, Plaitakis A. The role of glutamate dehydrogenase in mammalian ammonia metabolism. Neurotox Res. 2012;21(1):117–127.
   Google Scholar
• Li W, Chen S, Mei Z, et al. Polymorphisms in sorbitol-aldose reductase (Polyol) pathway genes and their influence on risk of diabetic retinopathy among Han Chinese. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:7073.
   Google Scholar
• Fasullo M, Endres L. Nucleotide salvage deficiencies, DNA damage and neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(5):9431–9449.
   Google Scholar
• Entedhar SR, Wadi SA, Mahmood AR. Effect of ethanolic extraction of moringa oleifera on paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activity in high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Res J Pharm Tech. 2018;11(10):4601–4604.
   Google Scholar
• Gabr SA, Alghadir AH, Sherif YE, et al. Hydroxyproline as a biomarker in liver disease. In: Preedy VR, editor. Biomarkers in liver disease. Biomarkers in disease: methods, discoveries and applications. Dordrecht: Springer; 2016. p. 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Tijani AS, Olori OD, Farombi EO. Manganese inhibits indomethacin-induced hepatorenal oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Int J Biochem Res Rev. 2020;29(9):79–90.
   Google Scholar
• Lucky LN, Raphael ET. Hot aqueous leaf extract of Lasianthera Africana (Icacinaceae) attenuates rifampicin-isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. J Integr Med. 2018;16(4):263–272.
   Google Scholar
• Akinlolu AA, Ghazali KO, Ameen OM, et al. Spondias mombin promotes gastric mucosa and lipid profile status in gastric ulceration. J Morphol Sci. 2014;31(2):82–88.
   Google Scholar
• Wadi SA, Entedhar SR, Sedeeq BI, et al. Some Biochemical and histological changes of rats kidneys (males) post indomethacin administration. Sci Adv. 2020;15(15):22–33.
   Google Scholar
• Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem Funct. 2020;39(4):1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain Z, Khan JA, Arshad A, et al. Protective effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.(Darchini) in Acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;109:2285–2292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapucu A. Crocin ameliorates oxidative stress and suppresses renal damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. Biotech Histochem. 2021;96:153–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu R, Wang C, Meng Q, et al. Resveratrol enhances the protective effects of JBP485 against indomethacin-induced rat intestinal damage in vivo and vitro through up-regulating oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1). Biomed Pharmacother. 2019:251–261. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.084.
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Daim MM, Ahmed A, Ijaz H, et al. Influence of Spirulina platensis and ascorbic acid on amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26:8080–8086.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang L, Wang X, Cueto R, et al. Biochemical basis and metabolic interplay of redox regulation. Redox Biol. 2019;26:101284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagappan AS, Varghese J, Pranesh GT, et al. Indomethacin inhibits activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rat kidney: possible role of this effect in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced renal damage. Chem Biol Interact. 2014;221:77–87.
   Google Scholar
• Ozcan A, Ogun M. Biochemistry of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In: Gowder SJT, editor. Basic principles and clinical significance of oxidative stress. London: InTech; 2015. p. 37–58.
   Google Scholar
• Zahran R, Ghozy A, Elkholy SS, et al. Combination therapy with melatonin, stem cells and extracellular vesicles is effective in limiting renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in a rat model. Int J Urol. 2020;27(11):1039–1049.
   Google Scholar
• Soylu KO, Pinar N, Özcan O, et al. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in methotrexate-induced ovarian oxidative injury and decreased ovarian reserve in rats. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017;33(8):653–659.
   Google Scholar
• Geyikoglu F, Yilmaz EG, Erol HS, et al. Hepatoprotective role of thymol in drug-induced gastric ulcer model. Ann Hepatol. 2018;17(6):980–991.
   Google Scholar
• El-Boshy M, BaSalamah MA, Ahmad J, et al. Vitamin D protects against oxidative stress, inflammation and hepatorenal damage induced by acute paracetamol toxicity in rat. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;141:310–321.
   Google Scholar
• Liang J, Dou Y, Wu X, et al. Prophylactic efficacy of patchoulene epoxide against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact. 2018;283:30–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan TF, Wu TF, Bu LL, et al. Dihydromyricetin promotes autophagy and apoptosis through ROS-STAT3 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7(37):59691–59703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen P, Chen C, Hu M, et al. S-allyl-L-cysteine protects hepatocytes from indomethacin-induced apoptosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. FEBS Open Bio. 2020;10(9):1900–1911.
   Google Scholar