Erectile dysfunction: basics and its management using plant products

References

• Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, et al. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021;397(10271):319–33. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie MG. The underlying pathophysiology and causes of erectile dysfunction. Clin Cornerstone. 2005;7(1):19–26. doi: 10.1016/S1098-3597(05)80045-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen L, Shi GR, Huang DD, et al. Male sexual dysfunction: a review of literature on its pathological mechanisms, potential risk factors, and herbal drug intervention. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;112:108585. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terentes-Printzios D, Ioakeimidis N, Rokkas K, et al. Interactions between erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular drugs. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(1):59–74. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00593-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmanian E, Salari N, Mohammadi M, et al. Evaluation of sexual dysfunction and female sexual dysfunction indicators in women with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11(1):1–7. doi: 10.1186/s13098-019-0469-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerra G, Manfredini M, Somaini L, et al. Sexual dysfunction in men receiving methadone maintenance treatment: clinical history and psychobiological correlates. Eur Addict Res. 2016;22(3):163–175. doi: 10.1159/000441470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malviya N, Malviya S, Jain S, et al. A review of the potential of medicinal plants in the management and treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Andrologia. 2016;48(8):880–93. doi: 10.1111/and.12677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ujah GA, Nna VU, Agah MI, et al. Effect of quercetin on cadmium chloride‐induced impairments in sexual behaviour and steroidogenesis in male Wistar rats. Andrologia. 2018;50(2):e12866. doi: 10.1111/and.12866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teoh JB, Yee A, Danaee M, et al. Erectile dysfunction among patients on methadone maintenance therapy and its association with quality of life. J Addict Med. 2017;11(1):40–46. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel B, Maurya NK. Aphrodisiac herbal therapy for erectile dysfunction. Archives Of Pharmacy Practice. 2020;11(1).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam DR, Alem MM. Erectile dysfunction: pharmacological pathways with understudied potentials. Biomedicines. 2022;11(1):46. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts male aging study. J Urol. 1994;151(1):54–61. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)34871-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aytaç MK. The likely worldwide increase in erectile dysfunction between 1995 and 2025 and some possible policy consequences. BJU Int. 1999;84(1):50–56. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00142.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Bao B, Guo J, et al. Current status and prospects of diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction: a bibliometric and visualization study. Front Endocrinol. 2023;14:1168744. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinnock CB, Stapleton AM, Marshall VR. Erectile dysfunction in the community: a prevalence study. Med j Aust. 1999;171(7):353–357. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123691.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun M, Wassmer G, Klotz T, et al. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: results of the ‘cologne male survey’. Int J Impot Res. 2000;12(6):305–311. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3900622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolosi A, Moreira ED Jr, Shirai M, et al. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2003;61(1):201–6. doi: 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02102-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, Kim SC, et al. Sexual behaviour and dysfunction and help‐seeking patterns in adults aged 40–80 years in the urban population of Asian countries. BJU Int. 2005;95(4):609–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05348.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutha AS. An observational study to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and prescribing pattern of drugs in patients with ED visiting an andrology specialty clinic, Mumbai: 2012-14. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(7):C08. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14520.6174
   Google Scholar
• Prieto D. Physiological regulation of penile arteries and veins. Int J Impot Res. 2008;20(1):17–29. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitidieri E, Cirino G, di Villa Bianca RD, et al. Pharmacology and perspectives in erectile dysfunction in man. Pharmacol Ther. 2020;208:107493. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lue TF, Wood AJJ. Erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jun 15;342(24):1802–13. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200006153422407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza IL, Ferreira ED, Vasconcelos LH, et al. Erectile dysfunction: key role of cavernous smooth muscle cells. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:895044. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan JG, Gajraj J. Erectile dysfunction and its association with metabolic syndrome and endothelial function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(2):141–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leoni LAB, Fukushima AR, Rocha LY, et al. Physical activity on endothelial and erectile dysfunction: a literature review. Aging Male. 2014;17(3):125–130. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2014.923836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu C, Lu K, Tao T, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and erectile dysfunction: a meta-analysis. J Sex Med. 2015;12(6):1319–28. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koon CS, Sidi H, Kumar J, et al. The phosphodiasterase 5-inhibitors (PDE-5i) for erectile dysfunction (ED): a therapeutic challenge for psychiatrists. CDT. 2018;19(12):1366–1377. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170215164747
   Google Scholar
• Zainol M, Sidi H, Kumar J, et al. Co-Morbid Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and antidepressant treatment in a patient–A management challenge? CDT. 2017;20(2):182–191. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170315110902
   Google Scholar
• Tang X, Olatunji OJ, Zhou Y, et al. In vitro and in vivo aphrodisiac properties of the seed extract from Allium tuberosum on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation and sexual behavior parameters in male Wistar rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):1–0. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-2008-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pruss CM, Twofoot MT, Ross R, et al. The positive impact of exercise on endothelial and sexual dysfunction in sedentary overweight individuals. J Sex Med. 2014; 11:148–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson C, Dean J, Wylie M. Management of erectile dysfunction in clinical practice. New York: Springer Medical Publishing; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Muneer A, Kalsi J, Nazareth I, et al. Erectile dysfunction. BMJ. 2014;348(jan27 7):g129–g129. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Pili M, et al. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(27):3467–84. doi: 10.2174/138161206778343046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goksu C, Deveer M, Sivrioglu AK, et al. Peripheral atherosclerosis in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2013;26(2):55–60. doi: 10.1038/ijir.2013.35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji S, Zang Z, Ma H, et al. Erectile dysfunction in patients with plaque psoriasis: the relation of depression and cardiovascular factors. Int J Impot Res. 2016;28(3):96–100. doi: 10.1038/ijir.2016.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viigimaa M, Doumas M, Vlachopoulos C, et al. Hypertension and sexual dysfunction: time to act. J Hypertens. 2011;29(2):403–7. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328342c659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowani Z, Uddin SMI, Mirbolouk M, et al. Vascular erectile dysfunction and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2017;9(4):305–312. doi: 10.1007/s11930-017-0137-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nehra A, Moreland RB. Neurologic erectile dysfunction. Urologic Clini North Am. 2001;28(2):289–308. doi: 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70139-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariya OA, Oleg SM. Correction of hemodynamic and endothelial dysfunction by Telmisartan in hypertensives with heart failure and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Hypertens. 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson G. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Arab J Urol. 2013;11(3):212–6. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2013.03.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aversa A, Rossi F, Francomano D, et al. Early endothelial dysfunction as a marker of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction in young habitual cannabis users. Int J Impot Res. 2008;20(6):566–573. doi: 10.1038/ijir.2008.43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson G. The importance of risk factor reduction in erectile dysfunction. Curr Sex Health Rep. 2007;4(3):114–117. doi: 10.1007/s11930-007-0012-3
   Google Scholar
• Algeffari M, Jayasena CN, MacKeith P, et al. Testosterone therapy for sexual dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetic Med. 2018;35(2):195–202. doi: 10.1111/dme.13553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi GJ, Li ZM, Zheng J, et al. Diabetes associated with male reproductive system damages: onset of presentation, pathophysiological mechanisms and drug intervention. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;90:562–74. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traish AM, Munarriz R, O’Connell L, et al. Effects of medical or surgical castration on erectile function in an animal model. J Andrology. 2003;24(3):381–7. doi: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02686.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, et al. Hypogonadism as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in men: a meta-analytic study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(5):687–701. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas A, Woodard C, Rovner ES, et al. Urologic complications of nonurologic medications. Urologic Clini North Am. 2003;30(1):123–31. doi: 10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00111-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do C, Huyghe E, Lapeyre-Mestre M, et al. Statins and erectile dysfunction: results of a case/non-case study using the French Pharmacovigilance System Database. Drug Saf. 2009;32(7):591–7. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200932070-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A, Chiesa A. A meta-analysis of sexual dysfunction in psychiatric patients taking antipsychotics. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(3):130–40. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e328341e434
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conaglen HM, Conaglen JV. Drug-induced sexual dysfunction in men and women. Aust Prescr. 2013;36(2):42–45. doi: 10.18773/austprescr.2013.021
   Google Scholar
• Zanoli P, Zavatti M, Montanari C, et al. Influence of Eurycoma longifolia on the copulatory activity of sexually sluggish and impotent male rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126(2):308–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikia Q, Hazarika A, Mishra R. A review on the pharmacological importance of PDE5 and its inhibition to manage biomedical conditions. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2022;13(3):246–57. doi: 10.1177/0976500X221129008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants–quo vadis? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32(3):125–30. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuku NP, Unuofin JO, Lebelo SL. Promising role of medicinal plants in the regulation and management of male erectile dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;130:110555. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabit CE, Chung WB, Hamburg NM, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2010;11(1):61–74. doi: 10.1007/s11154-010-9134-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lui JL, Shaw NM, Abbasi B, et al. Adverse reactions of PDE5 inhibitors: an analysis of the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database. Andrology. 2023;11(7):1408–1417. doi: 10.1111/andr.13430
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carson CC, Lue TF. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. BJU Int. 2005;96(3):257–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05614.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edo GI, Ugbune U, Ezekiel GO, et al. Medicinal plants used for the treatment of sexual dysfunction; ethnobotanical study and phytochemical analysis. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2023a. doi:10.1016/j.chnaes.2023.05.008.
   Google Scholar
• Jikah AN, Edo GI. Moringa oleifera: a valuable insight into recent advances in medicinal uses and pharmacological activities. J Sci Food Agric. 2023;103(15):7343–61. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12892
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratap SA, Rajender S. Potent natural aphrodisiacs for the management of erectile dysfunction and male sexual debilities. Front Biosci. 2012;4(1):167–180. doi: 10.2741/s259
   Google Scholar
• Edo GI, Samuel PO, Ossai S, et al. Phytochemistry and pharmacological compounds present in scent leaf: a review. Food Chem Adv. 2023c;3:100300. doi: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100300
   Google Scholar
• Hassan F, Edo GI, Nwosu LC, et al. An inventory of medicinal plants used as sedative, analgesic and blood tonic in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2023;43(3): 459–68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edo GI, Samuel PO, Jikah AN, et al. Proximate composition and health benefit of Roselle leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Food Chem. 2023b;3:100437. doi: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100437
   Google Scholar
• Onyibe PN, Edo GI, Nwosu LC, et al. Effects of vernonia amygdalina fractionate on glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase on alloxan induced diabetes wistar rat. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2021;36:102118. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwosu LC, Edo GI, Özgör E. The phytochemical, proximate, pharmacological, GC-MS analysis of Cyperus esculentus (Tiger nut): A fully validated approach in health, food and nutrition. Food Biosci. 2022;46:101551. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guohua H, Yanhua L, Rengang M, et al. Aphrodisiac properties of Allium tuberosum seeds extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;122(3):579–82. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman MA, Islam MS. Alpinia calcarata Roscoe: A potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine. Pharmacogn Revi. 2015;9(17):55. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.156350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ratnasooriya WD, Jayakody JR. Effects of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes on reproductive competence of male rats. Acta Biol Hung. 2006;57(1):23–35. doi: 10.1556/ABiol.57.2006.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subasri G, John SA. Screening of phytochemical compounds, trace metals and antimicrobial activity of anacyclus pyrethrum. Int J of Adv in Sci Res. 2016;2(1):32–37. doi: 10.7439/ijasr.v2i1.2891
   Google Scholar
• Cherrat A, Amalich S, Regragui M, et al. Polyphenols content and evaluation of antioxidant activity of anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) lag. From timahdite a Moroccan Middle Atlas region. Int J Adv Res. 2017;5(3):569–77. doi: 10.21474/IJAR01/3546
   Google Scholar
• Sharma V, Thakur M, NS C, et al. Effects of petroleum ether extract of anacyclus pyrethrum DC. On sexual behavior in male rats. Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao=. J Chin Integr Med. 2010;8(8):767–773. doi: 10.3736/jcim20100807
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Effect of aqueous extract of bulbine natalensis (Baker) stem on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Int JAndrology. 2009;32(6):629–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00910.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramachandran S, Sridhar Y, Sam SK, et al. Aphrodisiac activity of Butea frondosa Koen. ex Roxb. extract in male rats. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(2–3):165–8. doi: 10.1078/0944-7113-00343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur GS, Bag M, Sanodiya BS, et al. Chlorophytum borivilianum: a white gold for biopharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals. CPB. 2009a;10(7):650–666. doi: 10.2174/138920109789542084
   Google Scholar
• Thakur M, Chauhan NS, Bhargava S, et al. A comparative study on aphrodisiac activity of some ayurvedic herbs in male albino rats. Arch Sex Behav. 2009b;38(6):1009–1015. doi: 10.1007/s10508-008-9444-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenjale R, Shah R, Sathaye S. Effects of Chlorophytum borivilianum on sexual behaviour and sperm count in male rats. Phytother Res. 2008;22(6):796–801. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur M, Chauhan NS, Sharma V, et al. Effect of curculigo orchioides on hyperglycemia-induced oligospermia and sexual dysfunction in male rats. Int J Impot Res. 2012;24(1):31–37. doi: 10.1038/ijir.2011.43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan NS. Curculigo orchioides: the black gold with numerous health benefits. Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao=. J Chin Integr Med. 2010;8(7):613–623. doi: 10.3736/jcim20100703
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chauhan NS, Rao CV, Dixit VK. Effect of curculigo orchioides rhizomes on sexual behaviour of male rats. Fitoterapia. 2007;78(7–8):530–4. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur M, Dixit VK. Aphrodisiac activity of dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo in male albino rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007;4(s1):29–31. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nem111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pant S, Rinchen T. Dactylorhiza hatagirea: a high value medicinal orchid. J Med Plants Res. 2012;6(19):3522–3524. doi: 10.5897/JMPR12.097
   Google Scholar
• Ang HH, Sim MK. Eurycoma longifolia Jack and orientation activities in sexually experienced male rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 1998;21(2):153–5. doi: 10.1248/bpb.21.153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang HH, Cheang HS, Yusof AP. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on the initiation of sexual performance of inexperienced castrated male rats. Exp Anim. 2000;49(1):35–38. doi: 10.1538/expanim.49.35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT. Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. Ex hiern) stem in male albino rats. Asian J Andrology. 2005;7(4):399–404. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2005.00052.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakaya S, Yilmaz Oral D, Gur S, et al. Effect of aerial part and root extracts from Ferula orientalis L. growing in Turkey on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-ınduced diabetic rats. Biol Divers Conserv. 2019a;12(1):1–6. doi: 10.5505/biodicon.2019.29392
   Google Scholar
• Badalamenti N, Ilardi V, Rosselli S, et al. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological properties of genus ferulago–A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;274:114050. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakaya S, Delimustafaoglu-Bostanlik F, YILMAZ ORAL Dİ, et al. Effect of aerial part and root extracts from Ferulago mughlae pe?men and ferulago sandrasica pe?men quézel growing in turkey on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jrp. 2019b;23(2):235–241. doi: 10.12991/jrp.2019.129
   Google Scholar
• Karakaya S, Oral DY, GÜ S, et al. Effect of extracts of the aerial parts and roots from four Ferulago species on erectile dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Tjps. 2019c Sep;16(3):317. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.26879
   Google Scholar
• Dou DQ, Ren J, Chen Y, et al. [Study on the chemical constituents of the roots of commercial ginseng]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003;28(6):522–524.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Achike FI, Kwan CY. Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003;30(9):605–15. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03885.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, Ammermann U, Quirós CF. Contenido de glucosinolatos en semillas de maca, plántulas, plantas maduras y en varios productos derivados. Economic Botany. 2001;2001(2):255–262. doi: 10.1007/BF02864563
   Google Scholar
• Cui B, Zheng BL, He K, et al. Imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii. J Natural Prod. 2003;66(8):1101–3. doi: 10.1021/np030031i
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Chen L, Li J, et al. The composition analysis of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) from Xinjiang and its antifatigue activity. J Food Qual. 2017;2017:1–7. doi: 10.1155/2017/2904951
   Google Scholar
• Zenico T, Cicero AF, Valmorri L, et al. Subjective effects of Lepidium meyenii (maca) extract on well‐being and sexual performances in patients with mild erectile dysfunction: a randomised, double‐blind clinical trial. Andrologia. 2009;41(2):95–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00892.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duangnin N, Phitak T, Pothacharoen P, et al. In vitro and in vivo investigation of natural compounds from seed extract of Mucuna pruriens lacking l-DOPA for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017;10(3):238–52. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthaman K, Adaikan PG, Prasad RN. Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus Terrestris extract (protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats. Life Sci. 2002;71(12):1385–96. doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01858-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthaman K, Ganesan AP, Prasad RN. Sexual effects of puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) extract (protodioscin): an evaluation using a rat model. J Altern Complementary Med. 2003;9(2):257–65. doi: 10.1089/10755530360623374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alikhanova NS, Novruzov EN. Chemical composition and biological activity of zosima absinthifolia (Apiaceae). KazNu Chem Bull. 2022;105(2):34–42. doi: 10.15328/cb1266
   Google Scholar
• Karakaya S, Yilmaz-Oral D, Kilic CS, et al. Umbelliferone isolated from Zosima absinthifolia roots partially restored erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Med Chem Res. 2019d;28(8):1161–7. doi: 10.1007/s00044-019-02359-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allam MA, Khowailed AA, Elattar S, et al. Umbelliferone ameliorates oxidative stress and testicular injury, improves steroidogenesis and upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in type 2 diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2022;74(4):573–584. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgab083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ademosun AO, Adebayo AA, Oboh G. Anogeissus leiocarpus attenuates paroxetine-induced erectile dysfunction in male rats via enhanced sexual behavior, nitric oxide level and antioxidant status. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019a;111:1029–35. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oboh G, Adebayo AA, Ademosun AO, et al. Aphrodisiac effect of hunteria umbellata seed extract: modulation of nitric oxide level and arginase activity in vivo. Pathophysiology. 2019;26(1):39–47. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.11.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukuhara S, Tsujimura A, Okuda H, et al. Vardenafil and resveratrol synergistically enhance the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in corpus cavernosal smooth muscle cells and its therapeutic potential for erectile dysfunction in the streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat: preliminary findings. J Sex Med. 2011;8(4):1061–71. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02193.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adefegha SA, Oyeleye SI, Dada FA, et al. Modulatory effect of quercetin and its glycosylated form on key enzymes and antioxidant status in rats penile tissue of paroxetine-induced erectile dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;107:1473–9. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunro OB, Yakubu MT. Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. Ex hiern) stem extract restores selected biomolecules of erectile dysfunction in the testicular and penile tissues of paroxetine-treated Wistar rats. Reproductive Sciences. 2023;30(2):690–700. doi: 10.1007/s43032-022-01050-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ademosun AO, Oboh G, Adebayo AA, et al. Grapefruit peel extract mitigates paroxetine‐induced erectile dysfunction in rats through stimulation of erectile response, antioxidant status, and inhibition of key enzymes related with impaired penile erection. J Food Biochem. 2022;46(11):e14193. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ademosun AO, Adebayo AA, Oboh G. Orange peels modulate antioxidant markers and key enzymes relevant to erection in the penile tissue of paroxetine‐treated rats. Andrologia. 2019b;51(9):e13371. doi: 10.1111/and.13371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adefegha SA, Oboh G, Olopade EO. β-caryophyllene improves sexual performance via modulation of crucial enzymes relevant to erectile dysfunction in rats. Toxicol Res. 2021;37(2):249–260. doi: 10.1007/s43188-020-00061-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martey ON, He X. Possible mode of action of mondia whitei: an aphrodisiac used in the management of erectile dysfunction. J of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2010;5(8):460–468. doi: 10.3923/jpt.2010.460.468
   Google Scholar
• Ojo OA, Afon AA, Ojo AB, et al. Spondias mombim L.(Anacardiaceae): chemical fingerprints, inhibitory activities, and molecular docking on key enzymes relevant to erectile dysfunction and Alzheimer’s diseases. J Food Biochem. 2019;43(3):e12772. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.12772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Maimako RF, et al. Exploring the potentials of some compounds from Garcinia kola seeds towards identification of novel PDE‐5 inhibitors in erectile dysfunction therapy. Andrologia. 2021;53(7):e14092. doi: 10.1111/and.14092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olawale F, Olofinsan K, Ogunyemi OM, et al. Deciphering the therapeutic role of kigelia africana fruit in erectile dysfunction through metabolite profiling and molecular modelling. IMU. 2023;37:101190. doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101190
   Google Scholar
• Folawiyo MA, Omotuyi IO, Ajao FO, et al. Catechin from Anonna senegalensis is a potential inhibitor of erectile dysfunction: implication for its use in male sexual enhancement. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023;195(8):4936–4964. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04557-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehigiator BE, Cobhams AE, Adikwu E, et al. Predicting the possible mechanism of aphrodisiac action of Pheonix dactylifera L. J Trop Dis. 2022;10:312.
   Google Scholar
• Eser N, Buyuknacar HS, Cimentepe OO, et al. The effect of Ferula elaeochytris root extract on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Int J Impot Res. 2020;32(2):186–194. doi: 10.1038/s41443-019-0137-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz‐Oral D, Onder A, Gur S, et al. The beneficial effect of clove essential oil and its major component, eugenol, on erectile function in diabetic rats. Andrologia. 2020;52(6):e13606. doi: 10.1111/and.13606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikia Q, Hazarika A, Kalita JC. Isoliquiritigenin ameliorates paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in male albino mice. Reprod Toxicol. 2023;117:108341. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar