References
- Associazione Rousseau. 2016, June 23. “Lex iscritti: Le prime 129 proposte di legge sono consultabili.“ Accessed 23 March 2018. http://www.beppegrillo.it/2016/06/lex_iscritti_le_prime_129_proposte_di_legge_sono_consultabili.html
- Bartolini, S. 2017, August 4. “#ProgrammaSviluppoEconomico: L’economia circolare.“ Accessed 15 April 2018. http://www.beppegrillo.it/2017/08/programmasviluppoeconomico_leconomia_circolare.html
- Bordignon, F., and L. Ceccarini. 2013. “Five Stars and a Cricket: Beppe Grillo Shakes Italian Politics.” South European Society & Politics 18 (4): 427–449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2013.775720.
- Carty, R. K. 2004. “Parties as Franchise Systems the Stratarchical Organizational Imperative.” Party Politics 10 (1): 5–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068804039118.
- Caruso, L. 2017. “Digital Capitalism and the End of Politics: The Case of the Italian Five Star Movement.” Politics & Society 45 (4): 585–609. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329217735841.
- Cross, W. P., and R. S. Katz, eds. 2013. The Challenges of Intra-Party Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Däubler, T. 2012. “The Preparation and Use of Election Manifestos: Learning from the Irish Case.” Irish Political Studies 27 (1): 51–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2012.636183.
- De Petris, A., and T. Poguntke, eds. 2015. Anti-Party Parties in Germany and Italy: Protest Movements and Parliamentary Democracy. Rome, Italy: Luiss University Press.
- Della Porta, D., J. Fernández, H. Kouki, and L. Mosca. 2017. Movement Parties Against Austerity. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
- Deseriis, M. 2017. “Direct Parliamentarianism: An Analysis of the Political Values Embedded in Rousseau, the ‘Operating System’ of the Five STAR Movement.” Paper presented at the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, May 17-19, Danube University Krems, Austria.
- Deseriis, M., and D. Vittori. 2019. “The Impact of Online Participation Platforms on the Internal Democracy of Two Southern European Parties: Podemos and the Five Star Movement.” International Journal of Communication 13: 5696–5714.
- Detterbeck, K. 2005. ”Cartel parties in western Europe?” Party Politics 11 (2): 173–191.
- Di Stefano, M., and N. Catalfo (2016, October 6). Lex Parlamento a #Italia5Stelle. Accessed 16 April 2018. http://www.ilblogdellestelle.it/2016/10/lex_parlamento_a_italia5stelle.html
- Diamanti, I. 2014. “The 5 Star Movement: A Political Laboratory.” Contemporary Italian Politics 6 (1): 4–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23248823.2014.881016.
- Faria, C. F. S. 2013. The Open Parliament in the Age of the Internet: Can the People Now Collaborate with Legislatures in Lawmaking? Brasilia: Câmara dos Deputados.
- Faucher, F. 2015. “New Forms of Political Participation. Changing Demands or Changing Opportunities to Participate in Political Parties?” Comparative European Politics 13 (4): 405–429. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2013.31.
- Gauja, A. 2015. “The Individualisation of Party Politics: The Impact of Changing Internal Decision-Making Processes on Policy Development and Citizen Engagement.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 17 (1): 89–105. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.12035.
- Gerbaudo, P. 2019. “Are Digital Parties More Democratic than Traditional Parties? Evaluating Podemos and Movimento 5 Stelle’s Online Decision-making Platforms.” Party Politics. Online first. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068818816967.
- Green-Pedersen, C., and P. B. Mortensen. 2010. “Who Sets the Agenda and Who Responds to It in the Danish Parliament? A New Model of Issue Competition and Agenda-Setting.” European Journal of Political Research 49 (2): 257–281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01897.x.
- Harmel, R., A. C. Tan, K. Janda, and J. M. Smith. 2018. “Manifestos and the “Two Faces” of Parties: Addressing Both Members and Voters with One Document.” Party Politics 24 (3): 278–288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068816648355.
- Hartleb, F. 2013. “Anti-Elitist Cyber Parties?” Journal of Public Affairs 13 (4): 355–369. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1480.
- Hopkin, J., and C. Paolucci. 1999. “The Business Firm Model of Party Organization: Cases from Spain and Italy.” European Journal of Political Research 35: 307–339. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00451.
- Katz, R. S., and P. Mair. 1993. “The Evolution of Party Organizations in Europe: The Three Faces of Party Organization.” American Review of Politics 14: 593–617. doi:https://doi.org/10.15763/.2374-7781.1993.14.0.593-617.
- Klüver, H., and I. Sagarzazu. 2016. “Setting the Agenda or Responding to Voters? Political Parties, Voters and Issue Attention.” West European Politics 39 (2): 380–398. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1101295.
- Lanzone, E. 2015. Il MoVimento 5 Stelle: Il popolo di Grillo dal web al Parlamento. Novi Ligure, Italy: Edizione Epoké.
- Lanzone, M. E., and S. Rombi. 2014. “Who Did Participate in the Online Primary Elections of the Five Star Movement (M5S) in Italy? Causes, Features and Effects of the Selection Process.” Partecipazione E Conflitto 7 (1): 170–191.
- Margetts, H. 2006. “Cyber Parties.” In Handbook of Party Politics, edited by R. S. Katz and W. Crotty, 528–535. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Marini, A. 2017, August 6. “Lex iscritti - Come funziona - Come migliorarlo.“ Accessed 30 May 2018. https://www.meetup.com/Parlamento-5-Stelle/events/241589263/?eventId=241589263&chapter_analytics_code=UA-1654268-12
- Mosca, L., and F. Tronconi. 2019. “Beyond Left and Right. The “Pure” Populism of the Five Star Movement.” West European Politics 42 (6): 1258–1283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1596691.
- Mosca, L. 2020. “Democratic Vision and Online Participatory Spaces in the Italian Movimento 5 Stelle.” Acta Politica 55 (1): 1–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-018-0096-y.
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2016a. “Non-Statuto.“ Accessed 15 April 2018.https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/materiali-bg/Regolamento-Movimento-5-Stelle.pdf
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2016b. “Regolamento.“ Accessed 15 April 2018. http://www.beppegrillo.it/movimento/regolamento/
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2016c, May 24. “Con Lex Iscritti le leggi le fai tu.“ Accessed 15 April 2018. http://www.beppegrillo.it/2016/05/con_lex_iscritti_la_legge_la_fai_tu_iosostengorousseau.html
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2016d, March 22. “Votazione Lex Iscritti: Le proposte dei cittadini in Parlamento.“ Accessed 15 April 2018. http://www.beppegrillo.it/2017/03/votazione_lex_iscritti_le_proposte_dei_cittadini_in_parlamento.html
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2017a. “Statuto dell’assoziazione denominata “MoVimento 5 Stelle”.“ Accessed 25 September 2018. https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/associazionerousseau/documenti/statuto_MoVimento_2017.pdf
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2017b. “Programma Nazionale del Movimento 5 Stelle.“ Accessed 26 September 2018. https://www.movimento5stelle.it/programma/
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2017c, December 6. “Vota per il Programma Sviluppo Economico e per Lex iscritti.“ Accessed 27 September 2018. http://www.beppegrillo.it/2017/12/vota_per_il_programma_sviluppo_economico_e_per_lex_iscritti.html
- MoVimento 5 Stelle. 2017d. “Un’Italia libera e sovrana – Amica di tutti i popoli.“ Accessed 27 September 2018. https://www.movimento5stelle.it/programma/esteri.html
- Passarelli, G., and D. Tuorto. 2018. “The Five Star Movement: Purely a Matter of Protest? The Rise of a New Party between Political Discontent and Reasoned Voting.” Party Politics 24 (2): 129–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068816642809.
- Poguntke, T., S. E. Scarrow, P. D. Webb, E. H. Allern, N. Aylott, I. Van Biezen, … E. Calossi. 2016. “Party Rules, Party Resources and the Politics of Parliamentary Democracies: How Parties Organize in the 21st Century.” Party Politics 22 (6): 661–678. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068816662493.
- Rahat, G., and R. Y. Hazan. 2001. “Candidate Selection Methods. An Analytical Framework.” Party Politics 7 (3): 297–322. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007003003.
- Rahat, G., R. Y. Hazan, and R. S. Katz. 2008. “Democracy and Political Parties on the Uneasy Relationships between Participation, Competition and Representation.” Party Politics 14 (6): 663–683. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068808093405.
- Scarrow, S. E. 2014. Beyond Party Members: Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Scheufele, D. A., and D. Tewksbury. 2007. “Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models.” Journal of Communication 57 (1): 9–20.
- Scheufele, D. A. 2000. “Agenda-Setting, Priming, and Framing Revisited: Another Look at Cognitive Effects of Political Communication.” Mass Communication and Society 3 (2–3): 297–316. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0323_07.
- Schlozman, K. L., S. Verba, and H. E. Brady. 2010. “Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet.” Perspectives on Politics 8 (2): 487–509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592710001210.
- Tronconi, F. 2018. “The Italian Five Star Movement during the Crisis: Towards Normalisation?” South European Society & Politics 23 (1): 163–180. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2018.1428889.
- Tsebelis, G., and G. Garrett. 1996. “Agenda Setting Power, Power Indices, and Decision Making in the European Union.” International Review of Law and Economics 16 (3): 345–361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(96)00021-X.
- Tsebelis, G. 1995. “Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartyism.” British Journal of Political Science 25 (3): 289–325. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400007225.
- Vittori, D. 2017. “Podemos and the Five Stars Movement: Divergent Trajectories in a Similar Crisis.” Constellations 24 (3): 324–338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12291.
- Vittori, D. 2021. “Which Organization for Which Party? An Organizational Analysis of the Five-star Movement.” Contemporary Italian Politics 13 (1): 31–48.
- Weinmann, C., and P. Vorderer. 2018. “A Normative Perspective for Political Entertainment Research: Connecting Deliberative Democracy and Entertainment Theory.” Communication Theory 28 (4): 466–486. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty018.