References
- 47 US Code § 230. 2021. Protection for Private Blocking and Screening of Offensive Material. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:47%20section:230%20edition:prelim)#230_1_target.
- Albert, Kendra, Elizabeth Brundige and Lorelei Lee. 2021. ‘FOSTA in Legal Context.’ Columbia Human Rights Law Review 52 (3): 1084–1158.
- Blunt, Ariel and Danielle Wolf. 2020. ‘Erased: The Impact of FOSTA-SESTA and the Removal of Backpage on Sex Workers.’ Anti-Trafficking Review 14: 117–121.
- Blunt, Ariel and Danielle Wolf. n.d. ‘Erased: The Impact of FOSTA-SESTA: A Community Report.’ Accessed August 14, 2021. https://hackinghustling.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/HackingHustling-Erased.pdf.
- Bronstein, Carolyn. 2020. ‘Pornography, Trans Visibility, and the Demise of Tumblr.’ TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 7 (2): 240–254.
- Brown, Elizabeth Nolan. 2018. ‘Hours After FOSTA Passes, Reddit Bans ‘Escorts’ and ‘SugarDaddy’ Communities.’ Reason, March 22. https://reason.com/2018/03/22/reddit-bans-escort-subreddits/.
- Browne, Ed. 2021. ‘What is a TikTok Accountant?’ Newsweek, February 24. https://www.newsweek.com/what-tiktok-accountant-meme-meaning-sex-work-1571598.
- Cavalcante, Andre. 2018. ‘Tumbling Into Queer Utopias and Vortexes: Experiences of LGBTQ Social Media Users on Tumblr.’ Journal of Homosexuality. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1511131.
- Chandrasekharan, Eshwar, Umashanthi Pavalanathan, Anirudh Srinivasan, et al. 2017. ‘You Can’t Stay Here: The Efficacy of Reddit’s 2015 Ban Examined Through Hate Speech.’ Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 (2): art. 31.
- Cooban, Anna. 2021. ‘OnlyFans Has Boomed During Lockdown. Users Spent $2.4 Billion on the Adult-Entertainment Site in 2020, and 120 Million People Now Use It.’ Insider, April 27. https://www.businessinsider.com/onlyfans-lockdown-boom-transactions-hit-24b-revenue-up-553-2021-4.
- Craigslist. 2018. ‘About FOSTA.’ Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.craigslist.org/about/FOSTA.
- Cyboid, Cookie. 2018. ‘Want to Know Why Tumblr is Cracking Down on Sex? Look to FOSTA/SESTA.’ The Establishment. Medium.com, December 25. https://medium.com/the-establishment/want-to-know-why-tumblr-is-cracking-down-on-sex-look-to-fosta-sesta-15c4174944a6.
- DeChiaro, Dean. 2021. ‘Sex Workers, Sidelined in Last Section 230 Debate, Seek a Seat at the Table.’ Roll Call, February 23. https://www.rollcall.com/2021/02/23/sex-workers-sidelined-in-last-section-230-debate-seek-a-seat-at-the-table/.
- Dickson, E. J. 2020. ‘Only Fans Creators and Sex Workers are Getting Purged from TikTok.’ Rolling Stone, December 17. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/onlyfans-sex-workers-tiktok-purge-banned-1101928/.
- Facebook. 2021. Community Standards. Accessed August 8, 2021. https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/sexual_solicitation/.
- Forskin, Randy. 2018. ‘They Should Call #SESTA the ‘Dead Streetwalker Act.’’ Twitter, 12:30 pm, March 23. https://twitter.com/BRCLMTY/status/977236183657795584.
- Friedman, Gillian. 2021. ‘Jobless, Selling Nudes Online and Still Struggling.’ The New York Times, January 13. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/business/onlyfans-pandemic-users.html.
- Google Pay Policies for Businesses. 2021. ‘Prohibited Products and Services.’ Accessed August. https://pay.google.com/about/business/policy/#prohibited-products-services.
- Government Accountability Office. 2021. ‘Sex Trafficking: Online Platforms and Federal Prosecutions.’ GAO 21-385, June. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-21-385.pdf.
- Grant, Melissa Gira. 2021. ‘The Real Story of the Bipartisan Anti–Sex Trafficking Bill That Failed Miserably on Its Own Terms.’ The New Republic, June 23. https://newrepublic.com/article/162823/sex-trafficking-sex-work-sesta-fosta.
- Holston-Zannell, LaLa B. 2021. ‘PayPal and Venmo are Shutting Out Sex Workers, Putting Lives and Livelihoods at Risk.’ ACLU Report, June 23. Accessed August 14. https://www.aclu.org/news/lgbtq-rights/paypal-and-venmo-are-shutting-out-sex-workers-putting-lives-and-livelihoods-at-risk/.
- Martineau, Paris. 2018. “Tumblr's Porn Ban Reveals Who Controls What We See Online.” Wired.com. December 4. https://www.wired.com/story/tumblrs-porn-ban-reveals-controls-we-see-online/.
- McCabe, David and Kate Conger. 2019. ‘Stamping Out Online Sex Trafficking May Have Pushed It Underground.’ The New York Times, December 17. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/technology/fosta-sex-trafficking-law.html.
- Miller, Claire Cain. 2010. ‘Craigslist Says it Has Shut Its Section for Sex Ads.’ The New York Times, September 15. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/16/business/16craigslist.html.
- Porter, Tom. 2018. ‘Backpage Website Shut Down, Founder Charged With 93 Counts By FBI In Sealed Indictment.’ Newsweek, April 7. https://www.newsweek.com/sex-ads-website-backpagecom-co-founder-charged-after-fbi-raid-876333.
- Reddit. 2018. ‘Reddit’s Policy Against Transactions Involving Prohibited Goods or Services.’ Accessed August 2, 2021. https://www.reddithelp.com/hc/en-us/articles/360043513471.
- Rogers, Richard. 2020. ‘Deplatforming: Following Extreme Internet Celebrities to Telegram and Alternative Social Media.’ European Journal of Communication 35 (3): 213–229.
- Romano, Aja. 2018. ‘A New Law Intended to Curb Sex Trafficking Threatens the Future of the Internet as We Know It.’ Vox.com, July 2. https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/4/13/17172762/fosta-sesta-backpage-230-internet-freedom.
- Roux, Liara. 2018a. ‘Less Than 24 Hours After This Supposed ‘Trafficking’ Bill Passing.’ Twitter, 8:02 am, March 22. https://twitter.com/SpicyRoux/status/976807317390860288.
- Roux, Liara. 2018b. ‘I Don’t Want to Be Alarmist, But We Are in Danger of Losing the Ability to Even Talk About Sex Work in Theory Online.’ Twitter, 6:57 am, March 22. https://twitter.com/ArabelleRaphael/status/976793073475715073.
- Schofield, Daisy. 2019. ‘How Performers are affected by PayPal Pulling Out of PornHub.’ Dazed, November 27. https://www.dazeddigital.com/science-tech/article/46889/1/paypal-cuts-services-from-pornhub-harming-thousands-performers-sex-work.
- Shorb, David. 2020. ‘SESTA/FOSTA Disrespects Sex Workers.’ Zen: The Art of Observation. https://dshorb.com/sesta-fosta-disrespects-sex-workers-e4b5303ca909.
- Soderberg-Rivkin, Daisy. 2020. ‘The Lessons of FOSTA-SESTA from a former content moderator.’ R Street, April 8. https://www.rstreet.org/2020/04/08/the-lessons-of-fosta-sesta-from-a-former-content-moderator/.
- @TheFoxyCarol. 2019. ‘What? You Mean the People Who Knew That This Was Going to Happen and Told Lawmakers This Would Happen Were Right?’ Twitter, 3:48 pm, December 18. https://twitter.com/TheFoxyCarol/status/1207417354931490818.
- Thrasher, Steven W. 2018. ‘What Tumblr’s Porn Ban Really Means.’ Atlantic.com, December 7. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/12/tumblr-adult-content-porn/577471/.
- Tichenor, Erin. 2020. “‘I’ve Never Been So Exploited”: The Consequences of FOSTA-SESTA in Aotearoa New Zealand.’ Anti-Trafficking Review 14: 99–115.
- TikTok. 2020. ‘Community Guidelines.’ Accessed August 12, 2021. https://www.tiktok.com/community-guidelines?lang=en#30.
- Tiku, Natasha. 2018. ‘Craigslist Shuts Personal Ads for Fear of New Internet Law.’ Wired, March 23. https://www.wired.com/story/craigslist-shuts-personal-ads-for-fear-of-new-internet-law/.
- Valens, Ana. 2018. ‘Controversial “Sex-Trafficking” Bill is Passed—And Sex Workers are Already Feeling Its Impact.’ Daily Dot, March 22. https://www.dailydot.com/irl/sesta-sex-workers-white-house/.
- White, Emily. 2021. ‘Behind Instagram and TikTok’s Censorship of Sex Workers.’ 34th Street, May 26. https://www.34st.com/article/2021/05/tiktok-instagram-shadowban-censor-sex-workers-fosta-sesta.
- Wyden, Ron. 2018. ‘The SESTA/FOSTA Bill Before Us Today Will Not Stop Sex Trafficking.’ Twitter, 1:23 pm, March 21. https://twitter.com/RonWyden/status/976524674942275586.