383
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regular Articles

Visual trimorphemic compound recognition in a morphographic script

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 1-20 | Received 25 Jan 2016, Accepted 15 Jun 2016, Published online: 12 Jul 2016

References

  • Adler, D. (2005). vioplot: Violin plot. R package version 0.2. Retrieved from http://wsopuppenkiste.wiso.uni-goettingen.de/~dadler
  • Aitchison, J. (1987). Words in the mind: An introduction to the mental lexicon. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • de Almeida, R., & Libben, G. (2002). Compound pre-access decomposition: Effects of constituent disruption. Folia Linguistica, 36, 97–115. doi:10.1515/flin.2002.36.1-2.97
  • de Almeida, R. G., & Libben, G. (2005). Changing morphological structures: The effect of sentence context on the interpretation of structurally ambiguous English trimorphemic words. Language and Cognitive Processes, 20, 373–394. doi:10.1080/01690960444000232
  • Amano, S., & Kondo, T. (2003). NTT database series: Lexical properties of Japanese, 2nd release [CD-ROM]. Tokyo: Sanseido.
  • Baayen, R. H. (2008). Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics using R. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baayen, R. H. (2013). LanguageR: Data sets and functions with “Analyzing Linguistic Data: A practical introduction to statistics.” R package version 1.4.1. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=languageR
  • Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 390–412. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005
  • Baayen, R. H., & Milin, P. (2010). Analyzing reaction times. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3, 12–28. doi:10.21500/20112084.807
  • Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68, 255–278. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
  • Bates, D., Kliegl, R., Vasishth, S., & Baayen, R. H. (2015). Parsimonious mixed models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.04967.
  • Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2014). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1–7. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4
  • Bertram, R. (2011). Eye movements and morphological processing in reading. The Mental Lexicon, 6, 83–109. doi:10.1075/ml.6.1.04ber
  • Bertram, R., & Hyönä, J. (2003). The length of a complex word modifies the role of morphological structure: Evidence from eye movements when reading short and long Finnish compounds. Journal of Memory and Language, 48, 615–634. doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00539-9
  • Bertram, R., Kuperman, V., Baayen, R. H., & Hyönä, J. (2011). The hyphen as a segmentation cue in triconstituent compound processing: It’s getting better all the time. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52, 530–544. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00914.x
  • Box, G. E. P., & Cox, D. R. (1964). An analysis of transformations (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 26, 211–252.
  • Diependaele, K., Duñabeitia, J. A., Morris, J., & Keuleers, E. (2011). Fast morphological effects in first and second language word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 64, 344–358. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2011.01.003
  • Donders, F. C. (1969). On the speed of mental processes. Acta Psychologica, 30, 412–431. (Original work published in 1868). doi:10.1016/0001-6918(69)90065-1
  • Drieghe, D. (2011). Parafoveal-on-foveal effects in eye movements during reading. In S. P. Liversedge, I. D. Gilchrist, & S. Everling (Eds.), Oxford handbook on eye movements (pp. 839–855). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Fiset, D., Blais, C., Éthier-Majcher, C., Arguin, M., Bub, D., & Gosselin, F. (2008). Features for identification of uppercase and lowercase letters. Psychological Science, 19, 1161–1168. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02218.x
  • Forster, K. I. (1966). Left-to-right processes in the construction of sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 285–291. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80032-4
  • Forster, K. I. (1968). Sentence completion in left- and right-branching languages. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7, 296–299. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(68)80004-0
  • Forster, K. I. (2000). The potential for experimenter bias effects in word recognition experiments. Memory & Cognition, 28, 1109–1115. doi:10.3758/BF03211812
  • Frazier, L. (1978). On comprehending sentences: Syntactic parsing strategies. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
  • Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1982). Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 178–210. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(82)90008-1
  • Frost, R., Grainger, J., & Carreiras, M. (2008). Advances in morphological processing: An introduction. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 933–941. doi:10.1080/01690960802321925
  • Giraudo, H., & Grainger, J. (2001). Priming complex words: Evidence for supralexical representation of morphology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 127–131. doi:10.3758/BF03196148
  • Hino, Y., Kusunose, Y., Lupker, S. J., & Jared, D. (2013). The processing advantage and disadvantage for homophones in lexical decision task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 529–551. doi:10.1037/a0029122
  • Hyönä, J., & Bertram, R. (2004). Do frequency characteristics of nonfixated words influence the processing of fixated words during reading? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 104–127. doi:10.1080/09541440340000132
  • Hyönä, J., Laine, M., & Niemi, J. (1995). Effects of a word’s morphological complexity on readers’ eye fixation patterns. Studies in Visual Information Processing, 6, 445–452. doi:10.1016/S0926-907X(05)80037-6
  • Inhoff, A. W., Radach, R., & Heller, D. (2000). Complex compounds in German: Interword spaces facilitate segmentation but hinder assignment of meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 23–50. doi:10.1006/jmla.1999.2666
  • Kageyama, T. (2010). Variation between endocentric and exocentric word structures. Lingua, 120, 2405–2423. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2010.04.005
  • Kajii, N., Nazir, T. A., & Osaka, N. (2001). Eye movement control in reading unspaced text: The case of the Japanese script. Vision Research, 41, 2503–2510. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00132-8
  • Krott, A., Libben, G., Jarema, G., Dressler, W., Schreuder, R., & Baayen, H. (2004). Probability in the grammar of German and Dutch: Interfixation in triconstituent compounds. Language and Speech, 47, 83–106. doi:10.1177/00238309040470010401
  • Kudo, T. (2013). MeCab: Yet another part-of-speech and morphological analyzer. Retrieved May 30, 2015, from http://taku910.github.io/mecab/
  • Kuperman, V., Bertram, R., & Baayen, R. H. (2008). Morphological dynamics in compound processing. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 1089–1132. doi:10.1080/01690960802193688
  • Kuperman, V., Drieghe, D., Keuleers, E., & Brysbaert, M. (2013). How strongly do word reading times and lexical decision times correlate? Combining data from eye movement corpora and megastudies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 563–580. doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.658820
  • Kuperman, V., Schreuder, R., Bertram, R., & Baayen, R. H. (2009). Reading of polymorphemic Dutch compounds: Towards a multiple route model of lexical processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 876–895. doi:10.1037/a0013484
  • Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2015). lmerTest: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 2.0–25. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lmerTest
  • Libben, G. (1993). Are morphological structure computed during word recognition? Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 22, 535–544. doi:10.1007/BF01068253
  • Libben, G. (1994). The role of hierarchical morphological structure: A case study. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 8, 49–55. doi:10.1016/0911-6044(94)90006-X
  • Libben, G. (2006). Why study compound processing? An overview of the issues. In G. Libben & G. Jarema (Eds.), The representation and processing of compound words (pp. 1–22). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Libben, G. (2014). The nature of compounds: A psychocentric perspective. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 31, 8–25. doi:10.1080/02643294.2013.874994
  • Libben, G. (2015). The quantum metaphor and the organization of words in the mind. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Applied Linguistics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
  • Libben, G., Gibson, M., Yoon, Y. B., & Sandra, D. (2003). Compound fracture: The role of semantic transparency and morphological headedness. Brain and Language, 84, 50–64. doi:10.1016/S0093-934X(02)00520-5
  • Libben, G., & Jarema, G. (2002). Mental lexicon research in the new millennium. Brain and Language, 81, 1–11. doi:10.1006/brln.2002.2654
  • MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7, 19–40. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.19
  • Maekawa, K., Yamazaki, M., Ogiso, T., Maruyama, T., Ogura, H., Kashino, W., Koiso, H., … Den, Y. (2014). Balanced corpus of contemporary written Japanese. Language Resources & Evaluation, 48, 345–371. doi:10.1007/s10579-013-9261-0
  • Marelli, M., & Luzzatti, C. (2012). Frequency effects in the processing of Italian nominal compounds: Modulation of headedness and semantic transparency. Journal of Memory and Language, 66, 644–664. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.01.003
  • Matuschek, H., Kliegl, R., Vasishth, S., Baayen, H., & Bates, D. (2015). Balancing Type I Error and Power in Linear Mixed Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.01864.
  • McClelland, J. L., & Patterson, K. (2002a). “Words or rules’ cannot exploit the regularity in exceptions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 464–465. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02012-0
  • McClelland, J. L., & Patterson, K. (2002b). Rules or connections in past-tense inflections: What does the evidence rule out? Trends in Cognitive Science, 6, 465–472. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01993-9
  • Miwa, K., Dijkstra, T., Bolger, P., & Baayen, R. H. (2014). Reading English with Japanese in mind: Effects of frequency, phonology, and meaning in different-script bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 445–463. doi:10.1017/S1366728913000576
  • Miwa, K., Libben, G., & Baayen, R. H. (2012). Semantic radicals in Japanese two-character word recognition. Language and Cognitive Processes, 27, 142–158. doi:10.1080/01690965.2011.552339
  • Miwa, K., Libben, G., Dijkstra, T., & Baayen, R. H. (2014). The time-course of lexical activation in Japanese morphographic word recognition: Evidence for a character-driven processing model. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67, 79–113. doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.790910
  • Nakayama, M., Sears, C. R., Hino, Y., & Lupker, S. J. (2014). Do masked orthographic neighbor primes facilitate or inhibit the processing of Kanji compound words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40, 813–840. doi:10.1037/a0035112
  • National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. (2013). BCCWJ Word List. Retrieved July, 15, 2015, from http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/freq-list.html
  • Ong, J. K., & Kliegl, R. (2008). Conditional co-occurrence probability acts like frequency in predicting fixation durations. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 2, 1–7. doi:10.16910/jemr.2.1.3
  • Pinker, S., & Ullman, M. T. (2002a). The past and future of the past tense. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 456–463. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01990-3
  • Pinker, S., & Ullman, M. T. (2002b). Combination and structure, not gradedness, is the issue. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 472–474. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02013-2
  • Pollatsek, A., Drieghe, D., Stockall, L., & de Almeida, R. G. (2010). The interpretation of ambiguous trimorphemic words in sentence context. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17, 88–94. doi:10.3758/PBR.17.1.88
  • Pollatsek, A., Hyönä, J., & Bertram, R. (2000). The role of morphological constituents in reading Finnish compound words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 820–833. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.26.2.820
  • R Development Core Team. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
  • Rogers, H. (2005). Writing systems: A linguistic approach. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22, 1359–1366. doi:10.1177/0956797611417632
  • Spencer, A. (1997). Morphological theory and English. Links & Letters, 1, 71–84.
  • Taft, M. (2004). Morphological decomposition and the reverse base frequency effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 745–765. doi:10.1080/02724980343000477
  • Taft, M., & Forster, K. I. (1975). Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 638–647. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80051-X
  • Taft, M., & Nguyen-Hoan, M. (2010). A sticky stick? The locus of morphological representation in the lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25, 277–296. doi:10.1080/01690960903043261
  • Taft, M., Zhu, X., & Peng, D. (1999). Positional specificity of radicals in Chinese character recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 498–519. doi:10.1006/jmla.1998.2625
  • Tamaoka, K. (2005). The effect of morphemic homophony on the processing of Japanese two-kanji compound words. Reading and Writing, 18, 281–302. doi:10.1007/s11145-005-3354-0
  • Tamaoka, K. (2007). Rebounding activation caused by lexical homophony in the processing of Japanese two-kanji compound words. Reading and Writing, 20, 413–439. doi:10.1007/s11145-006-9036-8
  • Tamaoka, K., & Hatsuzuka, M. (1998). The effects of morphological semantics on the processing of Japanese two-kanji compound words. Reading and Writing, 10, 293–322. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9161-4_8
  • Tamaoka, K., & Makioka, S. (2004). New figures for a Web-accessible database of the 1,945 basic Japanese kanji, fourth edition. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 548–558. doi:10.3758/BF03195601
  • Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern applied statistics with S. Fourth edition. New York, NY: Springer. ISBN 0-387-95457-0
  • Whaley, L. J. (1997). Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • White, S., Hirotani, M., & Liversedge, S. P. (2011). Eye movement behaviour during reading of Japanese sentences: Effects of word length and visual complexity. Reading and Writing, 25, 981–1006. doi:10.1007/s11145-010-9289-0
  • Wurm, L. H., & Fisicaro, S. A. (2014). What residualizing predictors in regression analyses does (and what it does not do). Journal of Memory and Language, 72, 37–48. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2013.12.003
  • York, R. (2012). Residualization is not the answer: Rethinking how to address multicollinearity. Social Science Research, 41, 1379–1386. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.05.014
  • Zhou, X., Marslen-Wilson, W., Taft, M., & Shu, H. (1999). Morphology, orthography, and phonology in reading Chinese compound words. Language and Cognitive Processes, 14, 525–565. doi:10.1080/016909699386185

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.