Attention modulates early auditory processing at a real cocktail party

References

• Achim, A. M., Fossard, M., Couture, S., & Achim, A. (2015). Adjustment of speaker’s referential expressions to an addressee’s likely knowledge and link with theory of mind abilities. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alain, C., & Arnott, S. R. (2000). Selectively attending to auditory objects. Frontiers in Bioscience, 5, D202–D212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alain, C., & Woods, D. L. (1993). Distractor clustering enhances detection speed and accuracy during selective listening. Perception & Psychophysics, 54(4), 509–514.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson, S., Parbery-Clark, A., Yi, H.-G., & Kraus, N. (2011). A neural basis of speech-in-noise perception in older adults. Ear and Hearing, 32(6), 750–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbogast, T. L., Mason, C. R., & Kidd, G. (2002). The effect of spatial separation on informational and energetic masking of speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112(5), 2086–2098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, P., & Hill, F. (2001). Bisensory augmentation: A speechreading advantage when speech is clearly audible and intact. British Journal of Psychology, 92(2), 339–355.
   Google Scholar
• Astheimer, L. B., & Sanders, L. D. (2009). Listeners modulate temporally selective attention during natural speech processing. Biological Psychology, 80(1), 23–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astheimer, L. B., & Sanders, L. D. (2011). Predictability affects early perceptual processing of word onsets in continuous speech. Neuropsychologia, 49(12), 3512–3516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audacity Team. (2015). Audacity®: Free audio editor and recorder (Version 2.1.1). Retrieved from https://audacityteam.org/
   Google Scholar
• Baart, M., Stekelenburg, J. J., & Vroomen, J. (2014). Electrophysiological evidence for speech-specific audiovisual integration. Neuropsychologia, 53, 115–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, L. E., Auer, E. T., & Takayanagi, S. (2004). Auditory speech detection in noise enhanced by lipreading. Speech Communication, 44(1), 5–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besle, J., Fort, A., Delpuech, C., & Giard, M.-H. (2004). Bimodal speech: Early suppressive visual effects in human auditory cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20(8), 2225–2234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings, C. J., Tremblay, K. L., Stecker, G. C., & Tolin, W. M. (2009). Human evoked cortical activity to signal-to-noise ratio and absolute signal level. Hearing Research, 254(1), 15–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizley, J. K., & Cohen, Y. E. (2013). The what, where and how of auditory-object perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(10), 693–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bögels, S., & Levinson, S. C. (2017). The brain behind the response: Insights into turn-taking in conversation from neuroimaging. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 50(1), 71–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bregman, A. S. (1990). Auditory scene analysis: The perceptual organization of sound. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bregman, A. S., & Rudnicky, A. I. (1975). Auditory segregation: Stream or streams? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(3), 263–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronkhorst, A. W. (2000). The cocktail party phenomenon: A review of research on speech intelligibility in multiple-talker conditions. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 86(1), 117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Brungart, D. S. (2001). Informational and energetic masking effects in the perception of two simultaneous talkers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(3), 1101–1109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brungart, D. S., Simpson, B. D., Ericson, M. A., & Scott, K. R. (2001). Informational and energetic masking effects in the perception of multiple simultaneous talkers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110(5), 2527–2538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, D., Dillon, H., Tran, K., Arlinger, S., Wilbraham, K., Cox, R., … Ludvigsen, C. (1994). An international comparison of long-term average speech spectra. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 96(4), 2108–2120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carhart, R., Tillman, T. W., & Greetis, E. S. (1969). Perceptual masking in multiple sound backgrounds. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 45(3), 694–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherry, E. C. (1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25(5), 975–979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, H. H., Schreuder, R., & Buttrick, S. (1983). Common ground at the understanding of demonstrative reference. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(2), 245–258.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., Glass, D. C., & Singer, J. E. (1973). Apartment noise, auditory discrimination, and reading ability in children. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9(5), 407–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosse, M. J., Butler, J. S., & Lalor, E. C. (2015). Congruent visual speech enhances cortical entrainment to continuous auditory speech in noise-free conditions. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(42), 14195–14204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosse, M. J., Liberto, G. M. D., & Lalor, E. C. (2016). Eye can hear clearly now: Inverse effectiveness in natural audiovisual speech processing relies on long-term crossmodal temporal integration. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(38), 9888–9895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darwin, C. J., Brungart, D. S., & Simpson, B. D. (2003). Effects of fundamental frequency and vocal-tract length changes on attention to one of two simultaneous talkers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 114(5), 2913–2922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darwin, C. J., & Hukin, R. W. (2000). Effectiveness of spatial cues, prosody, and talker characteristics in selective attention. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107(2), 970–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Cheveigné, A., & Kawahara, H. (2002). YIN, a fundamental frequency estimator for speech and music. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(4), 1917–1930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 134(1), 9–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, N., & Simon, J. Z. (2012). Emergence of neural encoding of auditory objects while listening to competing speakers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(29), 11854–11859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubno, J. R., Dirks, D. D., & Morgan, D. E. (1984). Effects of age and mild hearing loss on speech recognition in noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 76(1), 87–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlach, N. I., Mason, C. R., Kidd, G., Arbogast, T. L., Colburn, H. S., & Shinn-Cunningham, B. G. (2003). Note on informational masking (L). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113(6), 2984–2987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer, M., & Schröger, E. (1998). ERP effects of intermodal attention and cross-modal links in spatial attention. Psychophysiology, 35(3), 313–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festen, J. M., & Plomp, R. (1990). Effects of fluctuating noise and interfering speech on the speech-reception threshold for impaired and normal hearing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 88(4), 1725–1736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzroy, A. B., & Sanders, L. D. (2015). Musical meter modulates the allocation of attention across time. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(12), 2339–2351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyman, R. L., Balakrishnan, U., & Helfer, K. S. (2001). Spatial release from informational masking in speech recognition. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(5), 2112–2122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyman, R. L., Balakrishnan, U., & Helfer, K. S. (2004). Effect of number of masking talkers and auditory priming on informational masking in speech recognition. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(5), 2246–2256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyman, R. L., Helfer, K. S., & Balakrishnan, U. (2007). Variability and uncertainty in masking by competing speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(2), 1040–1046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyman, R. L., Helfer, K. S., McCall, D. D., & Clifton, R. K. (1999). The role of perceived spatial separation in the unmasking of speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106(6), 3578–3588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giard, M. H., Fort, A., Mouchetant-Rostaing, Y., & Pernier, J. (2000). Neurophysiological mechanisms of auditory selective attention in humans. Frontiers in Bioscience, 5, D84–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon-Salant, S., & Fitzgibbons, P. J. (1993). Temporal factors and speech recognition performance in young and elderly listeners. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 36(6), 1276–1285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, K. W. (2001). The effect of speechreading on masked detection thresholds for filtered speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(5), 2272–2275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, K. W., & Seitz, P.-F. (2000). The use of visible speech cues for improving auditory detection of spoken sentences. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108(3), 1197–1208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, T. D., & Warren, J. D. (2004). What is an auditory object? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(11), 887–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, J. C., Dickstein, P. W., Berka, C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1983). Event-related potentials during selective attention to speech sounds. Biological Psychology, 16(3–4), 211–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, J. C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1983). Selective attention to multidimensional auditory stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 9(1), 1–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargus, S. E., & Gordon-Salant, S. (1995). Accuracy of speech intelligibility index predictions for noise-masked young listeners with normal hearing and for elderly listeners with hearing impairment. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 38(1), 234–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helfer, K. S., & Freyman, R. L. (2005). The role of visual speech cues in reducing energetic and informational masking. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 117(2), 842–849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helfer, K. S., & Wilber, L. A. (1990). Hearing loss, aging, and speech perception in reverberation and noise. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 33(1), 149–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillyard, S. A., Hink, R. F., Schwent, V. L., & Picton, T. W. (1973). Electrical signs of selective attention in the human brain. Science, 182(4108), 177–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh, I. J. (1950). The relation between localization and intelligibility. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22(2), 196–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihlefeld, A., & Shinn-Cunningham, B. (2008a). Disentangling the effects of spatial cues on selection and formation of auditory objects. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(4), 2224–2235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihlefeld, A., & Shinn-Cunningham, B. (2008b). Spatial release from energetic and informational masking in a selective speech identification task. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(6), 4369–4379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessen, S., Obleser, J., & Kotz, S. A. (2012). How bodies and voices interact in early emotion perception. PLoS One, 7(4), e36070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, T.-P., Makeig, S., Humphries, C., Lee, T.-W., McKeown, M. J., Iragui, V., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2000). Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 163–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerlin, J. R., Shahin, A. J., & Miller, L. M. (2010). Attentional gain control of ongoing cortical speech representations in a “cocktail party”. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(2), 620–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, G., Arbogast, T. L., Mason, C. R., & Gallun, F. J. (2005). The advantage of knowing where to listen. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(6), 3804–3815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, G., & Colburn, H. S. (2017). Informational masking in speech recognition. In J. C. Middlebrooks, J. Z. Simon, A. N. Popper, & R. R. Fay (Eds.), Springer handbook of auditory research: Vol. 60. The auditory system at the cocktail party (pp. 75–109). Boston, MA: Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, G., Mason, C. R., Richards, V. M., Gallun, F. J., & Durlach, N. I. (2008). Informational masking. In W. A. Yost, R. R. Fay, & A. N. Popper (Eds.), Springer handbook of auditory research: Vol. 29. Auditory perception of sound sources (pp. 143–189). Boston, MA: Springer Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S., Frisina, R. D., Mapes, F. M., Hickman, E. D., & Frisina, D. R. (2006). Effect of age on binaural speech intelligibility in normal hearing adults. Speech Communication, 48(6), 591–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klucharev, V., Möttönen, R., & Sams, M. (2003). Electrophysiological indicators of phonetic and non-phonetic multisensory interactions during audiovisual speech perception. Cognitive Brain Research, 18(1), 65–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koch, I., Lawo, V., Fels, J., & Vorländer, M. (2011). Switching in the cocktail party: Exploring intentional control of auditory selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(4), 1140–1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, H., & Tranel, B. (1971). The Lombard sign and the role of hearing in speech. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 14(4), 677–709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange, K., & Röder, B. (2006). Orienting attention to points in time improves stimulus processing both within and across modalities. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(5), 715–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange, K., Rösler, F., & Röder, B. (2003). Early processing stages are modulated when auditory stimuli are presented at an attended moment in time: An event-related potential study. Psychophysiology, 40(5), 806–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, M. A. (2013). ez: Easy analysis and visualization of factorial experiments. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ez
   Google Scholar
• Lecumberri, M. L. G., & Cooke, M. (2006). Effect of masker type on native and non-native consonant perception in noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(4), 2445–2454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombard, É. (1911). Le signe de l’élévation de la voix. Annales Des Maladies de L’Oreille et Du Larynx, 37(2), 101–119.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez-Calderon, J., & Luck, S. J. (2014). ERPLAB: An open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luck, S. J., & Kappenman, E. S. (2011). ERP components and selective attention. In S. J. Luck & E. S. Kappenman (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of event-related potential components (pp. 295–328). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Makeig, S., Bell, A. J., Jung, T.-P., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996). Independent component analysis of electroencephalographic data. In D. Touretzky, M. Mozer, & M. Hasselmo (Eds.), Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 145–151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• McGettigan, C., Jasmin, K., Eisner, F., Agnew, Z. K., Josephs, O. J., Calder, A. J., … Scott, S. K. (2017). You talkin’ to me? Communicative talker gaze activates left-lateralized superior temporal cortex during perception of degraded speech. Neuropsychologia, 100, 51–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendel, L. L., & Owen, S. R. (2011). A study of recorded versus live voice word recognition. International Journal of Audiology, 50(10), 688–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesgarani, N., & Chang, E. F. (2012). Selective cortical representation of attended speaker in multi-talker speech perception. Nature, 485(7397), 233–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, B. C. J., & Gockel, H. (2002). Factors influencing sequential stream segregation. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 88(3), 320–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munhall, K. G., Jones, J. A., Callan, D. E., Kuratate, T., & Vatikiotis-Bateson, E. (2004). Visual prosody and speech intelligibility: Head movement improves auditory speech perception. Psychological Science, 15(2), 133–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro, M. J. (1998). The effects of noise on the intelligibility of foreign-accented speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20(2), 139–154.
   Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan, J. A., Power, A. J., Mesgarani, N., Rajaram, S., Foxe, J. J., Shinn-Cunningham, B. G., … Lalor, E. C. (2015). Attentional selection in a cocktail party environment can be decoded from single-trial EEG. Cerebral Cortex, 25(7), 1697–1706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack, I., & Pickett, J. M. (1958). Stereophonic listening and speech intelligibility against voice babble. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 30(2), 131–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power, A. J., Foxe, J. J., Forde, E.-J., Reilly, R. B., & Lalor, E. C. (2012). At what time is the cocktail party? A late locus of selective attention to natural speech. European Journal of Neuroscience, 35(9), 1497–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power, A. J., Lalor, E. C., & Reilly, R. B. (2011). Endogenous auditory spatial attention modulates obligatory sensory activity in auditory cortex. Cerrebral Cortex, 21(6), 1223–1230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Räsänen, K., Notkola, V., & Husman, K. (1997). Perceived work conditions and work-related symptoms among employed Finns. Social Science & Medicine, 45(7), 1099–1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Reisberg, D., McLean, J., & Goldfield, A. (1987). Easy to hear but hard to understand: A lip-reading advantage with intact auditory stimuli. In B. Dodd & R. Campbell (Eds.), Hearing by Eye: The psychology of lip-reading. (pp. 97–113). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Roeser, R. J., & Clark, J. L. (2008). Live voice speech recognition audiometery - stop the madness!. Audiology Today, 20(1), 32–33.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, L. A., Saint-Amour, D., Leavitt, V. M., Javitt, D. C., & Foxe, J. J. (2007). Do you see what I am saying? Exploring visual enhancement of speech comprehension in noisy environments. Cerebral Cortex, 17(5), 1147–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RStudio Team. (2014). RStudio: Integrated development for R. Boston, MA. Retrieved from http://www.rstudio.org/
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, L. D., & Astheimer, L. B. (2008). Temporally selective attention modulates early perceptual processing: Event-related potential evidence. Perception & Psychophysics, 70(4), 732–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schori, T. R., & McGatha, E. A. (1978). A real-world assessment of noise exposure (No. UDR-TR-77-63). Dayton University Ohio Research Institute. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA061692
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, J.-L., Berthommier, F., & Savariaux, C. (2004). Seeing to hear better: Evidence for early audio-visual interactions in speech identification. Cognition, 93(2), B69–B78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn-Cunningham, B. G. (2008). Object-based auditory and visual attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(5), 182–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn-Cunningham, B. G., Ihlefeld, A., Satyavarta, & Larson, E. (2005). Bottom-up and top-down influences on spatial unmasking. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 91(6), 967–979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, S. A., & Cooke, M. (2005). Consonant identification in N-talker babble is a nonmonotonic function of N. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(5), 2775–2778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, C., Ranson, J., & Driver, J. (2000). Cross-modal selective attention: On the difficulty of ignoring sounds at the locus of visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics, 62(2), 410–424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stansfeld, S., Haines, M., & Brown, B. (2000). Noise and health in the urban environment. Reviews on Environmental Health, 15(1–2), 43–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stekelenburg, J. J., & Vroomen, J. (2007). Neural correlates of multisensory integration of ecologically valid audiovisual events. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(12), 1964–1973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stekelenburg, J. J., & Vroomen, J. (2012). Electrophysiological correlates of predictive coding of auditory location in the perception of natural audiovisual events. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stickney, G. S., Zeng, F.-G., Litovsky, R., & Assmann, P. (2004). Cochlear implant speech recognition with speech maskers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116(2), 1081–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumby, W. H., & Pollack, I. (1954). Visual contribution to speech intelligibility in noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 26(2), 212–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teder-Sälejärvi, W. A., Münte, T. F., Sperlich, F.-J., & Hillyard, S. A. (1999). Intra-modal and cross-modal spatial attention to auditory and visual stimuli. An event-related brain potential study. Cognitive Brain Research, 8(3), 327–343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner, C. W., Gantz, B. J., Vidal, C., Behrens, A., & Henry, B. A. (2004). Speech recognition in noise for cochlear implant listeners: Benefits of residual acoustic hearing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(4), 1729–1735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhler, K., Biever, A., & Gifford, R. H. (2016). Method of speech stimulus presentation impacts pediatric speech recognition: Monitored live voice versus recorded speech. Otology & Neurotology, 37(2), e70–e74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Summers, W., Pisoni, D. B., Bernacki, R. H., Pedlow, R. I., & Stokes, M. A. (1988). Effects of noise on speech production: Acoustic and perceptual analyses. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84(3), 917–928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Wassenhove, V., Grant, K. W., & Poeppel, D. (2005). Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(4), 1181–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Wijngaarden, S. J., Steeneken, H. J. M., & Houtgast, T. (2002). Quantifying the intelligibility of speech in noise for non-native listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(4), 1906–1916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, C. S. (1987). Uncertainty, informational masking, and the capacity of immediate auditory memory. In W. A. Yost & C. S. Watson, (Eds.), Auditory processing of complex sounds (pp. 267–277). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, C. S. (2005). Some comments on informational masking. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 91(3), 502–512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woldorff, M. G., Hansen, J. C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1987). Evidence for effects of selective attention in the mid-latency range of the human auditory event-related potential. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Supplement, 40, 146–154.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woldorff, M. G., & Hillyard, S. A. (1991). Modulation of early auditory processing during selective listening to rapidly presented tones. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 79(3), 170–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeng, F. G., & Galvin, J. J. (1999). Amplitude mapping and phoneme recognition in cochlear implant listeners. Ear and Hearing, 20(1), 60–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zion Golumbic, E. M., Ding, N., Bickel, S., Lakatos, P., Schevon, C. A., McKhann, G. M., … Schroeder, C. E. (2013). Mechanisms underlying selective neuronal tracking of attended speech at a “cocktail party”. Neuron, 77(5), 980–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar