Agreement attraction in comprehension: do active dependencies and distractor position play a role?

References

• Acuña Fariña, J. C. A., Meseguer, E., & Careirras, M. (2014). Gender and number agreement in comprehension in Spanish. Lingua, 143, 108–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, J. K., & Eberhard, K. (1993). Meaning, sound and syntax in English number agreement. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8(1), 57–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690969308406949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bürkner, P. C. (2017). brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using stan. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v080.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bürkner, P. C. (2018). Advanced Bayesian multilevel modeling with the R package brms. The R Journal, 10(1), 395–411. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2018-017
   Google Scholar
• Bürkner, P. C. (2021). Bayesian item response modeling in R with brms and stan. Journal of Statistical Software, 100(5), 1–54. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v100.i05
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, B., Gelman, A., Hoffman, M. D., Lee, D., Goodrich, B., Brubaker, M. A., Guo, J., Li, P., & Riddell, A. (2017). Stan: A probabilistic programming language. Journal of Statistical Software, 76(1). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v076.i01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz Heredia, A. A. L., Dickerson, B., & Lau, E. (2022). Towards understanding sustained neural activity across syntactic dependencies. Neurobiology of Language, 3(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00050
   Google Scholar
• Cunnings, I., & Sturt, P. (2014). Coargumenthood and the processing of reflexives. Journal of Memory and Language, 75, 117–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2014.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, B., Mishler, A., Sloggett, S., & Phillips, C. (2013). Contrasting intrusion profiles for agreement and anaphora: Experimental and modeling evidence. Journal of Memory and Language, 69(2), 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2013.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhard, K. M., Cutting, J. C., & Bock, K. (2005). Making syntax of sense: Number agreement in sentence production. Psychological Review, 112(3), 531–559. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.112.3.531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelmann, F., Jäger, L. A., & Vasishth, S. (2019). The effect of prominence and cue association on retrieval processes: A computational account. Cognitive Science, 43, e12800. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.v43.12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiebach, C. J., Schlesewsky, M., & Friederici, A. D. (2002). Separating syntactic memory costs and syntactic integration costs during parsing: The processing of German WH-questions. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(2), 250–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00004-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franck, J., Colonna, S., & Rizzi, L. (2015). Task-dependency and structure-dependency in number interference effects in sentence comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 349.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franck, J., Lassi, G., Frauenfelder, U. H., & Rizzi, L. (2006). Agreement and movement: A syntactic analysis of attraction. Cognition, 101(1), 173–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, P. C., Hendrick, R., & Johnson, M. (2001). Memory interference during language processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(6), 1411–1423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagiwara, H., Soshi, T., Ishihara, M., & Imanaka, K. (2007). A topographical study on the event-related potential correlates of scrambled word order in Japanese complex sentences. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(2), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.2.175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jäger, L., Benz, L., Roeser, J., Dillon, B., & Vasishth, S. (2015). Teasing apart retrieval and encoding interference in the processing of anaphors. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jäger, L., Engelmann, F., & Vasishth, S. (2017). Similarity-based interference in sentence comprehension: Literature review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Journal of Memory and Language, 94, 316–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jäger, L., Mertzen, D., Van Dyke, J. A., & Vasishth, S. (2020). Interference patterns in subject-verb agreement and reflexives revisited: A large-sample study. Journal of Memory and Language, 111, Article 104063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.104063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, N., Brehm, L., Sturt, P., & Yoshida, M. (2020). How long can you hold the filler? Maintenance and retrieval. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 35, 17–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2019.1626456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, J. W., & Kutas, M. (1995). Who did what and when? Using word- and clause-level ERPs to monitor working memory usage in reading. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(3), 376–395. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.3.376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, N., & Sturt, P. (2019). Proximity and same case marking do not increase attraction effect in comprehension: Evidence from eye-tracking experiments in Korean. Frontiers in Psychology (Language Sciences), 10, Article 1320. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lago, S., Shalom, D., Sigman, M., Lau, E., & Phillips, C. (2015). Agreement attraction in Spanish comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 82, 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2015.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurinavichyute, A., Jäger, L., Akinina, Y., & Roß, J. (2017). Retrieval and encoding interference: Cross-linguistic evidence from anaphor processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Brown, G. (2009). No temporal decay in verbal short-term memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(3), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, R., & Vasishth, S. (2005). An activation-based model of sentence processing as skilled memory retrieval. Cognitive Science, 29, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. (1990). A feature model of immediate memory. Memory and Cognition, 18(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03213879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicenboim, B., Vasishth, S., Engelmann, F., & Suckow, K. (2018). Exploratory and confirmatory analyses in sentence processing: A case study of number interference in German. Cognitive Science, 42, 1075–1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.2018.42.issue-S4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberauer, K., & Kliegl, R. (2006). A formal model of capacity limits in working memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 601–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, D. (2019). Cue combinatorics in memory retrieval for anaphora. Cognitive Science, 43, e12715. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.2019.43.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlmutter, N., Garnsey, S. M., & Bock, K. (1999). Agreement processes in sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 41(3), 427–456. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1999.2653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, C., Kazanina, N., & Abada, S. H. (2005). ERP effects of processing syntactic long-distance dependencies. Cognitive Brain Research, 22, 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.09.012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ristic, B., Mancini, S., Molinaro, N., & Staub, A. (2022). Maintenance cost in the processing of subject–verb dependencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 48(6), 829–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G., Franck, J., & Tabor, W. (2021). Encoding interference effects support self-organized sentence processing. Cognitive Psychology, 124, Article 101356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2020.101356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturt, P. (2003). The time-course of the application of binding constraints in reference resolution. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(3), 542–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00536-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturt, P., & Lombardo, V. (2005). Processing coordinate structures: Incrementality and connectedness. Cognitive Science, 29, 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dyke, J. A. (2007). Interference effects from grammatically unavailable constituents during sentence processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(2), 407–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villata, S., & Franck, J. (2020). Similarity-based interference in agreement comprehension and production: Evidence from object agreement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46(1), 170–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villata, S., Tabor, W., & Franck, J. (2018). Encoding and retrieval interference in sentence comprehension: Evidence from agreement. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von der Malsberg, T., & Angele, B. (2017). False positives and other statistical errors in standard analyses of eye movements in reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 94, 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagers, M., Lau, E., & Phillips, C. (2009). Agreement attraction in comprehension: Representations and processes. Journal of Memory and Language, 61, 206–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2009.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, H., Smith, G., Reich, S., & Vasishth, S. (2023). Number feature distortion modulates cue-based retrieval in reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2022.104400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zehr, J., & Schwarz, F. (2018). PennController for internet based experiments (IBEX). https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MD832
   Google Scholar