Municipal amalgamations in international perspective: motives addressed in scholarly research

References

• Alexander, D. (2013). Crossing boundaries: Action networks, amalgamation and inter-community trust in a small rural shire. Local Government Studies, 39(4), 463–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allers, M. A., & de Greef, J. A. (2018). Inter-municipal cooperation, public spending and service levels. Local Government Studies, 44(1), 127–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allers, M. A., & Geertsema, J. B. (2016). The effects of local government amalgamation on public spending, taxation, and service levels: Evidence from 15 years of municipal consolidation. Journal of Regional Science, 56(4), 659–682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allers, M. A., & van Ommeren, B. (2016). Inter-municipal cooperation, municipal amalgamation and the price of credit. Local Government Studies, 42(5), 717–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arieli, T. (2019). Inter-municipal cooperation and ethno-social disparity in peripheral regions. Regional Studies, 53(2), 183–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aulich, C., Sansom, G., & McKinlay, P. (2014). A fresh look at municipal consolidation in Australia. Local Government Studies, 40(1), 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertrana, X., & Heinelt, H. (2013). The second tier of local government in the context of European multi-level government systems: Institutional setting and prospects for reform. Revista catalana de dret públic, 46(1), 73–89.
   Google Scholar
• Bhatti, Y., Olsen, A. L., & Pedersen, L. H. (2010). Keeping the lights on: Citizen service centers in municipal amalgamations. Administration in Social Work, 35(1), 3–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom-Hansen, J. (2010). Municipal amalgamations and common pool problems: The Danish local government reform in 2007. Scandinavian Political Studies, 33(1), 51–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom-Hansen, J., Houlberg, K., Serritzlew, S., & Treisman, D. (2016). Jurisdiction size and local government policy expenditure: Assessing the effect of municipal amalgamation. American Political Science Review, 110(4), 812–831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyne, G. A. (1992). Local government structure and performance: Lessons from America? Public Administration, 70(3), 333–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruno, G., Genovese, A., & Piccolo, C. (2017). Territorial amalgamation decisions in local government: Models and a case study from Italy. Socio-economic Planning Sciences, 57(1), 61–72.
   Google Scholar
• Calciolari, S., Cristofoli, D., & Macciò, L. (2013). Explaining the reactions of Swiss municipalities to the “amalgamation wave”: At the crossroad of institutional, economic and political pressures. Public Management Review, 15(4), 563–583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ching-Chia, Y., Chih-Ming, C., & Jih-hwa, W. (2012). The research of city-county consolidation and peoples’ intentions: An empirical study on the cases of Tainan. Energy Procedia, 16(7), 1155–1161.
   Google Scholar
• Christoffersen, H., & Bo Larsen, K. (2007). Economies of scale in Danish municipalities: Expenditure effects versus quality effects. Local Government Studies, 33(1), 77–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Ceuninck, K., Reynaert, H., Steyvers, K., & Valcke, T. (2010). Municipal amalgamations in the low countries: Same problems, different solutions. Local Government Studies, 36(6), 803–822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Souza, S. V., Dollery, B. E., & Kortt, M. A. (2015). De-amalgamation in action: The Queensland experience. Public Management Review, 17(10), 1403–1424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deller, S. C., & Rudnicki, E. (1992). Managerial efficiency in local government: Implications on jurisdictional consolidation. Public Choice, 74(2), 221–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollery, B. E. (2018). Policy-based evidence making in local government: The New South Wales’ municipal merger program, 2011 to 2017. Economic Papers, 37(4), 363–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollery, B. E., Kortt, M. A., & Grant, B. (2011). A normative model for local government de-amalgamation in Australia. Australian Journal of Political Science, 46(4), 601–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollery, B. E., & Yamazaki, K. (2018). Is bigger really better? A comparative analysis of municipal mergers in Australian and Japanese local government. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(9), 725–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolowitz, D., & Marsh, D. (1996). Who learns what from whom: A review of the policy transfer literature. Political Studies, 44(2), 343–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolowitz, D. P., & Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from abroad: The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making. Governance, 13(1), 5–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drew, J., & Dollery, B. E. (2014). Separation anxiety: An empirical evaluation of the Australian sunshine coast regional council de-amalgamation. Public Money & Management, 34(3), 213–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drew, J., Grant, B., & Fisher, J. (2017). Re-evaluating local government amalgamations: Utility maximisation meets the principle of double effect (PDE). Policy & Politics, 45(3), 379–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dur, R., & Staal, K. (2008). Local public good provision, municipal consolidation, and national transfers. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 38(1), 160–173.
   Google Scholar
• Erlingsson, G. O., Ödalen, J., & Wångmar, E. (2015). Understanding large-scale institutional change: Social conflicts and the politics of Swedish municipal amalgamations. Scandinavian Journal of History, 40(2), 195–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farid Uddin, K. (2018). NSW local government reform: Council amalgamation, antagonism, and resistance. Journal of Public Affairs, 18(1). doi:10.1002/pa.1725
   Google Scholar
• Fitjar, R. D. (2019). Unrequited metropolitan mergers: Suburban rejection of cities in the Norwegian municipal reform. Territory, Politics, Governance. doi:10.1080/21622671.2019.1602076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontan, J. M., Hamel, P., Morin, R., & Shragge, E. (2009). Community organizations and local governance in a metropolitan region. Urban Affairs Review, 44(6), 832–857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gendźwiłł, A., Kurniewicz, A., & Swianiewicz, P. (2018). The impact of municipal territorial reforms on economic performance of local governments. Systematic review of quasi-experimental studies. Paper presented to the 2th ECPR General Conference, 22–25 August, Hamburg.
   Google Scholar
• Gil-Garcia, J. R., Dawes, S. S., & Pardo, T. A. (2018). Digital government and public management research: Finding the crossroads. Public Management Review, 20(5), 633–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanes, N. (2015). Amalgamation impacts on local public expenditures in Sweden. Local Government Studies, 41(1), 63–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanes, N., & Wikström, M. (2008). Does the local government structure affect population and income growth? An empirical analysis of the 1952 municipal reform in Sweden. Regional Studies, 42(4), 593–604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanes, N., & Wikström, M. (2010). Amalgamation impacts on local growth: Are voluntary amalgamations more efficient than compulsory amalgamations? Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 33(1), 57–70.
   Google Scholar
• Hanes, N., Wikström, M., & Wångmar, E. (2012). Municipal preferences for state-imposed amalgamations: An empirical study based on the Swedish municipal reform of 1952. Urban Studies, 49(12), 2733–2750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, S. W. (2012). Polity size and local political trust: A quasi-experiment using municipal mergers in Denmark. Scandinavian Political Studies, 36(1), 43–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, C. V. (2009). Prospects for and barriers to local government joint ventures. State and Local Government Review, 41(2), 108–119.
   Google Scholar
• Heinisch, R., Lehner, T., Mühlböck, A., & Schimpf, C. H. (2018). How do municipal amalgamations affect turnout in local elections? Insights from the 2015 municipal reform in the Austrian state of Styria. Local Government Studies, 44(4), 465–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlepas, N. K. (2010a). Incomplete Greek territorial consolidation: Two waves of reforms. In P. Swianiewicz (Ed.), Territorial consolidation reforms in Europe (pp. 45–74). Budapest: OSI.
   Google Scholar
• Hlepas, N. K. (2010b). Incomplete Greek territorial consolidation: From the first (1998) to the second (2008–09) wave of reforms. Local Government Studies, 36(2), 223–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyytinen, A., Saarimaa, T., & Tukiainen, J. (2014). Electoral vulnerability and size of local governments: Evidence from voting on municipal mergers. Journal of Public Economics, 120(2), 193–204.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A. J. (2004). Federations of municipalities: A practical alternative to local government consolidations in Japan? Governance: an International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 17(2), 247–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauder, B. (2016). Incorporation of municipalities and population growth: A propensity score matching approach. Papers in Regional Science, 95(3), 539–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, M., Sutton, M., Farragher, L., & Long, J. (2016). Barriers and facilitators to successful hospital mergers: A systematic review. Dublin: Health Research Board.
   Google Scholar
• Keating, M. (1995). Size efficiency and democracy: Consolidation, fragmentation and public choice. In D. Judge, G. Stoker, & H. Wolman (Eds.), Theories of urban politics (pp. 117–134). London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Keil, R. (2000). Governance restructuring in Los Angeles and Toronto: Amalgamation or secession? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(4), 758–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., & Smith, P. J. (2006). Consolidating local government and metropolitan governance in Korea. In E. Razin & P. J. Smith (Eds.), Metropolitan governing: Canadian cases, comparative lessons (pp. 246–277). Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press.
   Google Scholar
• King, D. (2008). Reducing hazard vulnerability through local government engagement and action. Natural Hazards, 47(3), 497–508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaer, U., Hjelmar, U., & Olsen, A. L. (2010). Municipal amalgamations and the democratic functioning of local councils: The case of the Danish 2007 structural reform. Local Government Studies, 36(4), 569–585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klok, P., Bas, D., Marcel, B., & Maurits, S. (2018). Inter-municipal cooperation in the Netherlands: The costs and the effectiveness of polycentric regional governance. Public Administration Review, 78(4), 527–536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, P., & Rochat, P. E. (2017). The effects of local government consolidation on turnout: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment in Switzerland. Swiss Political Science Review, 23(3), 215–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowska, O., Lumb, A., Tan, G. D., & Rea, R. (2018). Barriers and facilitators to integrating primary and specialist healthcare in the United Kingdom: A narrative literature review. Future Hospital Journal, 5(1), 64–80.
   Google Scholar
• Kushner, J., & Siegel, D. (2003). Effect of municipal amalgamations in Ontario on political representation and accessibility. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 36(5), 1035–1051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushner, J., & Siegel, D. (2005). Are services delivered more efficiently after municipal amalgamations? Canadian Public Administration, 48(2), 251–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leland, S., & Thurmaier, K. (2005). When efficiency is unbelievable: Normative lessons from 30 years of city–County consolidations. Public Administration Review, 65(4), 475–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leland, S., & Thurmaier, K. (2014). Political and functional local government consolidation: The challenges for core public administration values and regional reform. American Review of Public Administration, 44(4S), 29–46.
   Google Scholar
• Lima, R. C. A., & Neto, R. M. S. (2018). Secession of municipalities and economies of scale: Evidence from Brazil. Journal of Regional Science, 58(1), 159–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindert, P. V. (2009). Transnational linking of local governments: The consolidation of the Utrecht–León municipal partnership. Habitat International, 33(2), 173–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsey, G. (2004). Annexation activity and policy in the United States. In J. Meligrana (Ed.), Redrawing local government boundaries: An international study of politics, procedures, and decisions (pp. 56–74). Vancouver: UCB Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, W. E., & Lowery, D. (1989). Governmental fragmentation versus consolidation: Five public choice myths about how to create informed, involved, and happy citizens. Public Administration Review, 49(6), 533–543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McQuestin, D., Drew, J., & Dollery, B. E. (2017). Do Municipal mergers improve technical efficiency? An empirical analysis of the 2008 Queensland municipal merger program. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 77(3), 442–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazaki, T. (2014). Municipal consolidation and local government behavior: Evidence from Japanese voting data on merger referenda. Economics of Governance, 15(4), 387–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazaki, T. (2018). Internalization of externalities and local government consolidation: Empirical evidence from Japan. Empirical Economics, 54(3), 1061–1086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouritzen, P. E. (1989). City size and citizens’ satisfaction: Two competing theories revisited. European Journal of Political Research, 17(6), 661–688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mughan, S. (2019). When do municipal consolidations reduce government expenditures? Evidence on the role of local involvement. Public Administration Review, 79(2), 180–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narbón‐Perpiñá, I., & De Witte, K. (2018). Local governments’ efficiency: A systematic literature review – Part I. International Transactions in Operational Research, 25(2), 431–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ncube, M., & Monnakgotla, J. (2016). Amalgamation of South Africa’s rural municipalities: Is it a good idea? Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 19(1), 75–95.
   Google Scholar
• Oates, W. E. (1981). On local finance and the Tiebout model. The American Economic Review, 71(2), 93–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oates, W. E. (2005). Toward a second-generation theory of fiscal federalism. International Tax and Public Finance, 12(4), 349–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom, V., Tiebout, C. M., & Warren, R. (1961). The organization of government in metropolitan areas: A theoretical inquiry. The American Political Science Review, 55(4), 831–842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratchett, L. (2002). Local government: From modernisation to consolidation. Parliamentary Affairs, 55(3), 331–346.
   Google Scholar
• Puey, E. P., Ferran, J. M., & Mussons, P. C. (2018). Beyond size: Overcoming fragmentation by inter-municipal associations in Spain? The case of Catalonia. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(4), 639–658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QSR (QSR International). (2018). About us. Accessible at: http://www.qsrinternational.com/about-us.
   Google Scholar
• Reingewertz, Y. (2012). Do municipal amalgamations work? Evidence from municipalities in Israel. Journal of Urban Economics, 72(2–3), 240–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roesel, F. (2017). Do mergers of large local governments reduce expenditures? Evidence from Germany using the synthetic control method. European Journal of Political Economy, 50(1), 22–36.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld, R. A., & Reese, L. A. (2003). The anatomy of an amalgamation: The case of Ottawa. State and Local Government Review, 35(1), 57–69.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R., Hastings, C., Grant, B., Lawrie, A., Ní Shé, É., & Wortley, L. (2016). The Australian experience of municipal amalgamation: Asking the citizenry and exploring the implications. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 75(3), 373–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarimaa, T., & Tukiainen, J. (2015). Common pool problems in voluntary municipal mergers. European Journal of Political Economy, 38(2), 140–152.
   Google Scholar
• Sancton, A. (1996). Reducing costs by consolidating municipalities: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Ontario. Canadian Public Administration, 39(3), 267–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancton, A. (2001). Canadian cities and the new regionalism. Journal of Urban Affairs, 23(5), 543–555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancton, A. (2005). The governance of metropolitan areas in Canada. Public Administration and Development, 25(4), 317–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soguel, N., & Silberstein, J. (2015). Welfare loss with municipal amalgamations and the willingness-to-pay for the municipality name. Local Government Studies, 41(6), 977–996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spicer, Z. (2016). A patchwork of participation: Stewardship, delegation and the search for community representation in post-amalgamation Ontario. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 49(1), 129–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, R., & Kaiser, C. (2017). Effects of amalgamations: Evidence from Swiss municipalities. Public Management Review, 19(2), 232–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, R., Kaiser, C., & Eythórsson, G. T. (2016). A comparative analysis of amalgamation reforms in selected European countries. In S. Kuhlmann & G. Bouckaert (Eds.), Local public sector reforms in times of crisis (pp. 23–42). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Strebel, M. A. (2018). Incented voluntary municipal mergers as a two-stage process: Evidence from the Swiss canton of Fribourg. Urban Affairs Review, 54(2), 267–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki, K., & Ha, H. (2017). Municipal merger and local democracy: An assessment of the merger of Japanese municipalities. Working paper series: 8. Gothenburg: Quality of Government Institute, Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki, K., & Sakuwa, K. (2016). Impact of municipal mergers on local population growth: An assessment of the merger of Japanese municipalities. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 38(4), 223–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swianiewicz, P. (2010a). If territorial fragmentation is a problem, is amalgamation a solution? An east European perspective. Local Government Studies, 36(2), 183–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swianiewicz, P. (2010b). Territorial fragmentation as a problem, consolidation as a solution? In P. Swianiewicz (Ed.), Territorial consolidation reforms in Europe (pp. 1–23). Budapest: OSI.
   Google Scholar
• Swianiewicz, P. (2018). If territorial fragmentation is a problem, is amalgamation a solution? Ten years later. Local Government Studies, 44(1), 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swianiewicz, P., & Łukomska, J. (2019). Is small beautiful? The quasi-experimental analysis of the impact of territorial fragmentation on costs in Polish local governments. Urban Affairs Review, 55(3), 832–855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajbakhsh, K. (2000). Political decentralization and the creation of local government in Iran: Consolidation or transformation of the theocratic state?”. Social Research, 67(2), 377–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot, C., & Talbot, C. (2013). The structure solution? Public sector mergers in the United Kingdom. In J. O. D. Blackman & J. Halligan (Eds.), Crossing boundaries in public management and policy: The international experience (pp. 92–110). London & New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Talitha, T., Firman, T., & Hudalah, D. (2019). Welcoming two decades of decentralization in Indonesia: A regional development perspective. Territory, Politics, Governance. doi:10.1080/21622671.2019.1601595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanguay, G. A., & Wihry, D. F. (2008). Voters’ preferences regarding municipal consolidation: Evidence from the Quebec de-merger referenda. Journal of Urban Affairs, 30(3), 325–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavares, A. F. (2018). Municipal amalgamations and their effects: A literature review. Miscellanea Geographica-Regional Studies on Development, 22(1), 5–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. D., Faulk, D., & Schaal, P. (2017). Where are the cost savings in city–County consolidation? Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(2), 185–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teles, F. (2016). Local governance and inter-municipal cooperation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Tiebout, C. M. (1956). A pure theory of local expenditures. The Journal of Political Economy, 64(5), 416–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomalty, R., & Mallach, A. (2015). America’s urban future: Lessons from north of the border. Washington, DC: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Torabi, E., Dedekorkut-Howes, A., & Howes, M. (2017). Not waving, drowning: Can local government policies on climate change adaptation and disaster resilience make a difference? Urban Policy and Research, 35(3), 312–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voda, P., & Svačinová, P. (2019). To be central or peripheral? What matters for political representation in amalgamated municipalities? Urban Affairs Review. doi:10.1177/1078087418824671.
   Google Scholar
• Vojnovic, I. (1998). Municipal consolidation in the 1990s: An analysis of British Columbia, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Canadian Public Administration, 41(2), 239–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallis, J., Brodtkorb, T., Dollery, B. E., & Maccarthaigh, M. (2017). Commissions and local government reform: Expressed leadership identities of commissioners in inquiries proposing municipal mergers in Northern Ireland and New South Wales. Politics & Policy, 45(2), 285–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster, K. L., & Fa’apoi, E. (2017). Political representation on the new Auckland council: Has amalgamation led to greater diversity? Australian Journal of Public Administration, 77(2), 331–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson, W., & Ruming, K. (2017). Urban consolidation process and discourses in Sydney: Unpacking social media use in a community group’s media campaign. Planning Theory & Practice, 18(3), 428–445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfson, J., & Frisken, F. (2000). Local response to the global challenge: Comparing local economic development policies in a regional context. Journal of Urban Affairs, 22(4), 361–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, K. (2016). Crucial decisions by small towns and villages: Why did some municipalities choose to merge but others did not during the nationwide wave of municipal mergers in Japan? International Journal of Public Administration, 39(6), 480–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, K. (2018). From a majority to a minority: How municipal mergers in Japan changed the distribution of political powers and the allocation of public services within a merged municipality. Urban Affairs Review, 54(3), 560–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, S., & Guner, A. (2013). Local government discretion and accountability in Turkey. Public Administration and Development, 33(2), 125–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yologlu, A. C. (2016). Municipal scale reform in Turkey: Discourse and reality. Turkish Public Administration Annual, 41-42(1), 23–55.
   Google Scholar
• Yologlu, A. C. (2018). Politics of municipal consolidation: The case of Denizli. SAGE Open, 20(18), 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Zeedan, R. (2017). Bigger but not always better: Size and democracy in Israeli amalgamated local governments. Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(5), 71–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerbauer, K., & Paasi, A. (2013). When old and new regionalism collide: Deinstitutionalization of regions and resistance identity in municipality amalgamations. Journal of Rural Studies, 30(1), 31–40.
   Google Scholar