Caution warranted in extrapolating from Boston Naming Test item gradation construct

References

• Adlington, R., Laws, K., & Gale, T. (2009). The Hatfield Image Test (HIT): A new picture test and norms for experimental and clinical use. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31, 731–753. doi:10.1080/138033390802488103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alario, F. X., Ferrand, L., Laganaro, M., New, B., Frauenfelder, U. H., & Segui, J. (2004). Predictors of picture naming speed. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 140–155. doi:10.3758/BF03195559
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brysbaert, M., Boris, N., & Keuleers, E. (2012). Adding part-of-speech information to the SUBTLEX-US word frequencies. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 991–997. doi:10.3758/s13428–012-0190–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009). Moving beyond Kucera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 977–990. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd, M. Y. (2014). Race and diversity in the workforce. In M. Y. Byrd, & C. L. Scott (Eds.), Diversity in the workforce: Current issues and emerging trends (pp. 75–92). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, J. B., Davies, P., & Richman, B. (1971). The American Heritage word frequency book. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, M. (2012). Top 60,000 lemmas from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Provo, UT. Retrieved from http://www.wordfrequency.info
   Google Scholar
• Death Penalty Information Center. (n.d.). Descriptions of execution methods: Hanging. Retrieved from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/descriptions-execution-methods#hanging
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, J. R. (1984). The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 29–51. doi:10.1037/0033–2909.95.1.29
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamberger, M. J., & Seidel, W. T. (2003). Auditory and visual naming tests: Normative and patient data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 479–489. doi:10.1017/S135561770393013X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harry, A., & Crowe, S. F. (2014). Is the Boston Naming Test still fit for purpose? The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 486–504. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.892155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E. (1988). A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. In T. Boll, & B. D. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice (pp. 127–167). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia, PA: Lee & Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (2001). The Boston Naming Test (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Kohnert, K. J., Hernandez, A. E., & Bates, E. (1998). Bilingual performance on the Boston Naming Test: Preliminary norms in Spanish and English. Brain and Language, 65, 422–440. doi:10.1006/brln.1998.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Margolin, D. I., Pate, D. S., Friedrich, F. J., & Elia, E. (1990). Dysnomia in dementia and in stroke patients: Different underlying cognitive deficits. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 597–612. doi:10.1080/01688639008401004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., Eisman, E. J., Kubiszyn, T. W., Reed, G. M. (2003). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: A review of evidence and issues. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Methodological issues & strategies in clinical research (pp. 265–346). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• New, B., Brysbaert, M., Veronis, J., & Pallier, C. (2007). SUBTLEX-FR: The use of film subtitles to estimate word frequencies. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28, 661–677. doi:10.1017/S014271640707035X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedraza, O., Graff-Radford, N. R., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Willis, F. B., Petersen, R. C., & Lucas, J. A. (2009). Differential item functioning of the Boston Naming Test in cognitively normal African American and Caucasian older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 758–768. doi:10.1017/S1355617709990361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedraza, O., Sachs, B. C., Ferman, T. J., Rush, B. K., & Lucas, J. A. (2011). Difficulty and discrimination parameters of Boston Naming Test items in a consecutive clinical series. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 434–444. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponton, M. O., Satz, P., Herrera, L., Ortiz, F., Urrutia, C. P., Young, R., … Namerow, N. (1996). Normative data stratified by age and education for Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NESBHIS): Initial report. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 96–104. doi:10.1017/S1355617700000941
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabin, L. A., Barr, W. B., & Burton, L. A. (2005). Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 33–65. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2004.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snodgrass, J. G., & Yuditsky, T. (1996). Naming times for the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28, 516–536. doi:10.3758/BF03200540
   Google Scholar
• Storms, G., Saerens, J., & De Deyn, P. P. (2004). Normative data for the Boston Naming Test in native Dutch-speaking Belgian children and the relation with intelligence. Brain and Language, 91, 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, L. L., & Heaton, R. K. (1989). Comparison of different versions of the Boston Naming Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 3, 184–192. doi:10.1080/13854048908403291
   Google Scholar
• Tombaugh, T. N., & Hubiey, A. M. (1997). The 60-item Boston Naming Test: Norms for cognitively intact adults aged 25 to 88 years. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, 922–932. doi:10.1080/01688639708403773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingfield, A. (1968). Effects of frequency on identification and naming of objects. American Journal of Psychology, 81, 226–234. doi:10.2307/1421267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar