References
- Agarwal, R., Goldenberg, M., Perry, R., & IsHak, W. W. (2012). The quality of life of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 9(5–6), 10–21.
- Alderson, R. M., Kasper, L. J., Hudec, K. L., & Patros, C. H. G. (2013). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and working memory in adults: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 27(3), 287–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032371
- Barkley, R. A. (1997). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, self-regulation, and time: Toward a more comprehensive theory. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 18, 271–279.
- Barkley, R. A., & Fischer, M. (2010). The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 503–513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.019
- Barkley, R. A., & Fischer, M. (2011). Predicting impairment in major life activities and occupational functioning in hyperactive children as adults: Self-Reported Executive Function (EF) deficits versus EF tests. Developmental Neuropsychology, 36(2), 137–161. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2010.549877
- Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). Impairment in occupational functioning and adult ADHD: The predictive utility of executive function (EF) ratings versus EF tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25(3), 157–173. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acq014
- Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2011). The nature of executive function (EF) deficits in daily life activities in adults with ADHD and their relationship to performance on EF tests. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(2), 137–158. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9217-x
- Berlin, L., & Bohlin, G. (2002). Response inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems among preschool children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31(2), 242–251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3102_09
- Biederman, J., Petty, C., Fried, R., Fontanella, J., Doyle, A. E., Seidman, L. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2006). Impact of psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(10), 1730–1738. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.163.10.1730
- Bodalski, E. A., Knouse, L. E., & Kovalev, D. (2019). Adult ADHD, emotion dysregulation, and functional outcomes: Examining the role of emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 41(1), 81–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-018-9695-1
- Boonstra, A. M., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1097–1108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329170500499X
- Brod, M., Johnston, J., Able, S., & Swindle, R. (2006). Validation of the adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder quality-of-life scale (AAQoL): A disease-specific quality-of-life measure. Quality of Life Research, 15(1), 117–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-8325-z
- Bruner, M. R., Kuryluk, A. D., & Whitton, S. W. (2015). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom levels and romantic relationship quality in college students. Journal of American College Health, 63(2), 98–108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.975717
- Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Milham, M. P., & Tannock, R. (2006). Characterizing cognition in ADHD: Beyond executive dysfunction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(3), 117–123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.011
- Christiansen, H., Hirsch, O., Albrecht, B., & Chavanon, M. L. (2019). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotion regulation over the life span. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(3), 17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1003-6
- Clare, S., Helps, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2010). The quick delay questionnaire: A measure of delay aversion and discounting in adults. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2(1), 43–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0020-4
- Coghill, D. R., Seth, S., & Matthews, K. (2014). A comprehensive assessment of memory, delay aversion, timing, inhibition, decision making and variability in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Advancing beyond the three-pathway models. Psychological Medicine, 44(9), 1989–2001. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713002547
- Goodman, S. H., Lahey, B. B., Fielding, B., Dulcan, M., Narrow, W., & Regier, D. (1997). Representativeness of clinical samples of youths with mental disorders: A preliminary population-based study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1), 3–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.3
- Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 214–219. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00152
- Halleland, H. B., Sorensen, L., Posserud, M. B., Haavik, J., & Lundervold, A. J. (2019). Occupational status is compromised in adults with ADHD and psychometrically defined executive function deficits. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(1), 76–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714564622
- Hoaglin, D. C., & Iglewicz, B. (1987). Fine-tuning some resistant rules for outlier labeling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(400), 1147–1149. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2289392
- Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Harmer, C. J., Ramchandani, P. G., Cuijpers, P., Morrison, A. P., … Craske, M. G. (2018). The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(3), 237–286. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30513-8
- Holst, Y., & Thorell, L. B. (in press). Functional impairments among adults with ADHD: A comparison with adults with other psychiatric disorders and links to executive deficits. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2018.1532429
- Holst, Y., & Thorell, L. B. (2017). Neuropsychological functioning in adults with ADHD and adults with other psychiatric disorders: The issue of specificity. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(2), 137–148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713506264
- Holst, Y., & Thorell, L. B. (2018). Adult executive functioning inventory (ADEXI): Validity, reliability, and relations to ADHD. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 27(1), e1567. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1567
- Kooij, J.J.S., Bijlenga, D., Salerno, L., Jaeschke, R., Bitter, I., Balázs, J., … Asherson, P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry, 56, 14–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001
- MacKillop, J., Amlung, M. T., Few, L. R., Ray, L. A., Sweet, L. H., & Munafo, M. R. (2011). Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology, 216(3), 305–321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0
- Mies, G. W., De Water, E., & Scheres, A. (2016). Planning to make economic decisions in the future, but choosing impulsively now: Are preference reversals related to symptoms of ADHD and depression? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 25(3), 178–189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1511
- Mostert, J. C., Onnink, A. M. H., Klein, M., Dammers, J., Harneit, A., Schulten, T., … Hoogman, M. (2015). Cognitive heterogeneity in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic analysis of neuropsychological measurements. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(11), 2062–2074. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.010
- Moukhtarian, T. R., Cooper, R. E., Vassos, E., Moran, P., & Asherson, P. (2017). Effects of stimulants and atomoxetine on emotional lability in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 44, 198–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.021
- Mowinckel, A. M., Pedersen, M. L., Eilertsen, E., & Biele, G. (2015). A meta-analysis of decision-making and attention in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(5), 355–367. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714558872
- Nigg, J. T., Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2005). Causal heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Do we need neuropsychologically impaired subtypes? Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1224–1230. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.025
- Paloyelis, Y., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2009). Are ADHD symptoms associated with delay aversion or choice impulsivity? A general population study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(8), 837–846. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ab8c97
- Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., & Leibenluft, E. (2014). Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(3), 276–293. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966
- Sheppes, G., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11(1), 379–405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739
- Shiels, K., Hawk, L. W., Reynolds, B., Mazzullo, R. J., Rhodes, J. D., Pelham, W. E., … Gangloff, B. P. (2009). Effects of methylphenidate on discounting of delayed rewards in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17(5), 291–301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017259
- Sjöwall, D., Backman, A., & Thorell, L. B. (2015). Neuropsychological heterogeneity in preschool ADHD: Investigating the interplay between cognitive, affective and motivation-based forms of regulation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(4), 669–680. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9942-1
- Sjöwall, D., Roth, L., Lindqvist, S., & Thorell, L. B. (2013). Multiple deficits in ADHD: Executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(6), 619–627. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12006
- Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2003). The dual pathway model of AD/HD: An elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27(7), 593–604. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005
- Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Bitsakou, P., & Thompson, M. (2010). Beyond the dual pathway model: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 345–355. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.018
- Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Halperin, J. M. (2010). Developmental phenotypes and causal pathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Potential targets for early intervention? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(4), 368–389. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02195.x
- Stern, A., Pollak, Y., Bonne, O., Malik, E., & Maeir, A. (2017). The relationship between executive functions and quality of life in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(4), 323–330. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713504133
- Surman, C. B., Biederman, J., Spencer, T., Miller, C. A., McDermott, K. M., & Faraone, S. V. (2013). Understanding deficient emotional self-regulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A controlled study. Adhd Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 5(3), 273–281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-012-0100-8
- Thorell, L. B. (2007). Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(11), 1061–1070. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01777.x
- Thorell, L. B., Holst, Y., Chistiansen, H., Kooij, J. J. S., Bijlenga, D., & Sjöwall, D. (2017). Neuropsychological deficits in adults age 60 and above with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European Psychiatry, 45, 90–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.005
- Thorell, L. B., Holst, Y., & Sjöwall, D. (2019). Quality of life in older adults with ADHD: Links to ADHD symptom levels and executive functioning deficits. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 73(7), 409–416. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1646804
- Thorell, L. B., & Nyberg, L. (2008). The Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI): A new rating instrument for parents and teachers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(4), 536–552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/87565640802101516
- Thorell, L. B., Sjöwall, D., Mies, G. W., & Scheres, A. (2017). Quick delay questionnaire: reliability, validity, and relations to functional impairments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychological Assessment, 29(10), 1261–1272. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000421
- Thorell, L. B., Tilling, H., & Sjöwall, D. (2019). Emotion dysregulation and ADHD: Introducing the Comprehensive Emotion Regulation Inventory (CERI). Manuscript under review for publication.
- Wåhlstedt, C., Thorell, L. B., & Bohlin, G. (2009). Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological pathways, comorbidity and symptom domains. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(4), 551–564. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9286-9
- Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1336–1346. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006
- Xiu, L. C., Wu, J., Chang, L., & Zhou, R. L. (2018). Working memory training improves emotion regulation ability. Scientific Reports, 8, 15012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31495-2
- Zelazo, P. D., & Cunningham, W. A. (2007). Executive function: Mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 135–158). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.